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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1957-08-29, Page 7New Data Jolts Views About Mars if there are living plants and animals on the red planet Mars, they seem to have made no at- tempt to show themselves to as- tronomers last fall when Mars swung closer to the earth than it has been for 32 years, According to Carl Sagan of the Yerkes and McDonald Observa- tories of the University of Chi- cago, the "seeing" conditions far studying Mars were excellent. But none of the vivid greens and blues that have previously been reported during the height of the Martian spring, which were ta- ken at; evidence of some sort of plant growth, were observed. In a report delivered to the [Society for the Study of Evolu- tion at the annual meeting of the American Association for the ,advancement of Science here in New York, Mr. Sagan explained that previous evidence for life On Mars was based on three types of observations. First there have been seasonal color changes in dark areas on the Martian surface which co- incided with the melting of the polar ice cap. Then there were seasonal erratic changes in the size of these dark areas. Finally, there has been the observed re- appearance of the dark areas after being overlaid by what is thought to be sand or dust from a dust storm. All of these phenomena have been taken to indicate some sort Of plant growth writes Robert C. Cowen in The Christian Science Monitor. However, Mr. Sagan now says MERRY MENAGERIE 'Will be glad when this King Arthur phase is over!" that observations made during this recent favorable approach of the red planet by Dr, G. P. Kuiper, who is also at the Uni- versity of Chicago, suggest that the color changes may have been illusory. Dr. Kuiper had some very clear views of Mars. But the dark areas seemed an almost uniform gray when compared with a color chart illuminated by daylight quality light. Occa- sionally, Mr. Sagan said, there were some faint traces Of green - blue pastels. But the most defi- nite color was a brown ring around the melting polar ice cap, which had been previously reported. The significance of these ob- servations can be seen from the. fact that the size changes in the dark areas or their reappearance after a dust storm would be equally well explained as the ef- fect of sand drifting over vitre- ous lava fields. Thus, it has been the color changes more than anything else that have suppor- ted theories of Martian vegeta- tion in the past. Perhaps, Mr. Sagan suggested, this was a bad growing year on Mars. Perhaps the vegetation dried up and thus was not par- ticularly noticeable. Certainly, he said, brighter and more easily observed color changes than were seen this year have been reported by reliable observers in the past. But, while this may very well have been the ca to, the new data shows that a good deal more thought and study has to be made before any reasonably sound conclusions can be drawn about life on Mars. ' 1 How Can I ? Q. Ilow can I clean windows during freezing weather? A.. If the weather is so cold that water cannot be applied to the windows without freezing, dampen a piece of cheesecloth with kerosene and the windows can be cleaned quickly. Q. How can I keep quinces? A. Place them carefully in a barrel, using only perfectly sound fruit. Fill the barrel with water,' fasten on the head of the barrel and put hi a cool place. They should keep fresh all win- ter. e Olivetti Lexikon A good typewriter goes on being • a good typewriter Any much -travelled business- man can tell you that you may find Olivetti typewriters at work in almost ever part of the world. "At work" is the point that matters. For the Lexikon 80 - as with all Olivetti machines - is designed to keep on working under the most difficult conditions, under the heaviest loads of work; . year after year, without trouble or bother. Olivetti's name for good type- writers is remembered because once the machine is installed you can forget typewriter troubles. O ll larape's Largest Manufacturers of Office Machines OIIvoitI (Ga IL tdall) Ltd moo. tilYap >aal FOR THE MEN — Inspired by outfits worn by surfboys in Ha - these longer swimming pants—makahas—are making a big splash on California beach- es. Ralph Themes wears the calf -length makahas for body. surfing and surfboarding, since they protect against bruises and gravel cuffs. T o Much Naggi Bad ftr Children 4e The note from the school nurse read: "Linda J. in Grade 10 has started biting her nails again. ' She looks unhappy and depress- ed. I suspect her parents are pushing her too hard." Linda's records showed she was the youngest of three girls. One older sister was a nurse, the. other a high 'school teacher. Her father was an accountant; her mother had been a public school teacher. Despite her parents' ac- tive interest in education, Lin- da's school progress had been average. However, she was not doing badly, since -intelligence tests rated her as "dull normal". When Linda was interviewed in Grade 9, I'd noted she was eager to please. but timid. She was an "over -achiever" — one who does better work than her mental ability would suggest she was capable of. I'd discovered she made her progress in school only by ' dint of exceptionally long home study. When I sent for Linda, her nails were bitten to the quick; her face bore a haggard, down- cast expression. S0 anxious was she 'for help, she did not hesi- tate to discuss •family relation - snips. ` Her parents had determined to provide each of the children with as good an education as their finances could stand. The two Oder girls had lived up to ex- pectations; the parents were jus- tifiably proud of them. They could not hide their disappoint- ment at Linda's relative lack of achievement. They kept urging her to study harder. And they were ashamed she attended vo- cational school, instead of a col- legiate. Linda, unable to take any pride in her school accom- plishments, felt guilty and re- jected — because her parents expected her to follow exactly in her sisters' footsteps. 1 thought of Edna, who knew that her father preferred her older sister, Marilyn, because she was prettier and more tal- ented in music. Edna did not bite her fingernails. She vented her emotions through petty thievery,"which landed her in a family court. • 1 thought of Jimmy, potential- ,. ly a brilliant scholar. He neglec- ted school work in a vain effort to become a star athlete, as his older brother had been, because Jimmy's father placed more im- portance • on athletic prowess than school marks. Fortunately, Linda case had a happy ending. Her parents were not stupid. Led to realize they had been expecting too much, they relaxed the pressure. Her marks actually increased slightly. Linda stayed at school until she completed Grade 12, then went to work in an office. She is still not a quick or original thinker, but she is neat, painstaking, loyal. Her work is appreciated; she is happy. Not all children are as fortu- nate. Edna grew into a bitter, vindictive woman, looking on the world with a cold, hostile eye. Jimmy realizes' now he should have stayed in school, in- stead of dropping out in c isan- pointment because his athletic ambitions failed. Children need the constant. love and confidence of their par- ents. If the parents openly prefer one child to another, if they fail to recognize that each child is an individual with his own strength and his own weaknesses, if they try to force their own standards of accomplishment on the child, the results may be disastrous. 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