HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1933-03-23, Page 3110+4
Farm Queries
Henry G. Bell, B.S.A„ Dept, of Chemistry, O.A.C.
Address All Letters to Farm Editor, 73 Adelaide St.
West, Toronto. A11 Answers Will Appear 'in this
Column. if Personal Reply is Desired, Enclose
Stamped and Addressed Envelope.
a. w -a.-.-.
Timely Common Questions
The time,is here when many market
gardeners and farmers are figuring on
their fertilizer .needs, and there are
some questons which come tp us very
often, Here are five with their ans-
wers:
1. What does a fertilizer analysis
mean?
Answer.—On every fertilizer ship-
ment there is a tag attached which
'bears two sets of figures. Lot us say;
for instance, the top one is 402 and
beneath it you find 2-12-6, The 402
means the license number for the mak-
ing of this type of 'fertilizer, Every
• .fertilizer manufacturer has to take out
a license -for the manufacturing of
every brand which he sells, the same
as every car owner has to buy a
license for every car 'hat he owns.
This is merely to aid in identifiying
the manufacturer of the fertilizer af-
ter it has gone out tc the store house
or to the farm.
The second set of figures, 2-12-6, is
a record of the plant nutrients that
the bag contains. The 2 means 2%
nitrogen; 12 means 12% phosphoric
acid, . and 6 means 6% potash.' On
every bag that contains this tag the
contents must analyze as guaranteed.
Underneath these figures there is a
guarantee of the availability of the
carriers of nitrogen, phosphoric acid
and potash.
2. I have read about a filler and I
heard a neighbour talking about a
carrier. What do they mean?
Answer.—Everyone interested in
soil fertility should get definitely in
mind that the crop cannot use the pure
elements — nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium. It gets these elements
combined with others from the soil,
from manure, and from fertilizers.
This, then, establishes the need of a
carrier. Manure is a carrier of all
-three. The average ton of well stored
manure carries from 10 to 15 lbs. of
nitrogen, 4 to 7 lbs. phosphor's acid
and about 10 lbs. of potash. One hun-
dred pounds of nitrate of soda carries
15 lbs. of nitrogen, the rest of sulphate
of sodium and oxygen and impurities.
One hundred pounds of sulphate of
ammonia carries 20 lbs. of nitrogen.
The rest is made up of hydrogen, sul-
phur and oxygen.. In other words, the
purest forms of the plant foods as they
are commonly but.rather incorrectly
' called; are simply carriers, since the
pure element itself must be mixed
with, some other thing before it can
be carried to the plant and taken up
by it.
A. filler is an entirely different thing.
A filler is inert material that supplies
no plant food, which is sometimes put
in to make up the rest of the ton. My
meaning will be clearly brought out in
the answer to the next question.
3. How clo you figure out a fertil-
izer analysis?
Answer.—Let us take 2-12-6 eian
instance. This means thl: the ton car-
ries 2% nitrogen, 12% phosphoric acid,
and 6% potash. Let us take all these
percentages of a ton. This would
mean that the ton of 2-12-6 would sup-
ply, of nitrogen 40 lbs., of phosphoric
acid 240 lbs., of potash 120 lbs. Now
let us, theoretically, and practically if
you wish, make this fertilizer up from
the following constituents: nitrogen
from tankage and sulphate•, of am-
monia; phosphate from 16% super-
phosphate; potash 'rom muriate of
potash. Let us say in the 2% of
nitrogen that is required 'we get Ye%
or 6 lbs. from tankage supplying 6%
of nitrogen. This means that there
aro 6 lbs. of nitrogen in 100 lbs. of
.–tankage, There is 1 lb. in 100/6; there
are 5 Ibs. in 100 x 5 = 84.lbs. We
will therefore need 34 lbs. tankage.
Let us get 1%,% of nitrogen from
sulphate of ammonia: There are 20
lbs, nitrogen in 100 lbs. sulphate of
ammonia, Therefore there are 35 lbs.
In 100/20 x 35 = 175 lbs, sulphate of
ammonia.
Our formula calls for 12% rhos-
phoric acid or 240 lbs. of phosphoric
acrd. In superphosphate there are 16
tbs, phosphoric acid in 100 lbs. of
superphosphate. There are 240 Ibs,
phosphoric acid in 100/16
16 x•240
150011bs. superphosphate.We will re-
,qulre, • therefore, 1500 lbs. superphos-
phate.
legarding potash, our formula calls
for 6% or 120 lbs, potash. There are
approximately 50 lbs. of potash in 100
lbs. muriate of potasl.. There are 120
lbs, in 100/50 x 120= 240 lbs. muriate
of potash. Therefore we will require
240 lbs. muriate of potash.
Now le; us add together all of our
requirements. 84 lbs. tankage + 175
lbs', sulphate of ammonia ± 1500 lbs.
superphosphate +240 lbs. muriate of
potash = 1999 lbs. fertilizer. To
make this up to a ton we will have to
add one pound, and this one pound is
filler. It may be composed of fine dry
sand or ground limestone, or some-
thing of the sort, to give good drilling
condition to the fertilizer.
The 'above is the way that fertilizers
are made up. Lower grade fertilizers
such as 2-8-2, which is now not lawful
to be made, used to require much more
filler than 2-12-6. Speaking generally,
the higher the grade of fertilizer, the
less filler It contains.
Before Lambing Paralysis
This disease occurs,. in pregnant
owes, shortly before the lambs aro due
to be born. It is most frequently seen
on farms where sheep are kept closely
confined and too liberally` fed. Too
much concentrated feed without suf-
ficient exercise to use up the digested
food, from day to day, results 1n an
accumulation, of fat and glycogen,
which brings about such body changes
as will cause interference with the
removal of poisonous body wastes.
Pregnant sheep that are not given
range, or forced to exercise, should be
carefully fed. Another factor favoring
the development of the condition "be -
foe lambing paralysis," is seen in the
production of heavy twin lambs. This
is due to the fact that the wastes from
the bodies of thedeveloping lambs
must be removed through the circula-
tion of the pregnant ewe. This puts
an additional tax on the ewe, and the
more numerous the lambs the heavier
the tax. So the ewe carrying but one
lamb is less likely to develop the dis-
ease. Proper feeding and provision
for exercise will largely eliminate
these losses. Overfeeding pregnant.
ewes with alfalfa and other nitro-
genous hays has frequently been
blamed. It would be better to reserve
the alfalfa and other rich feeds until
after the ewes come into milk. Epsom
salts can be used to advantage in such
cases.
]English Poetry
0 heavenly Eloquence,
That with the strong rain of com-
ic -ending words
Dost manage, guide, and piaster th'
eminence
Of men's affections, ni.ore than ail
their -swords,
Shall we not offer to thy excellence
The richest treasure that our wit
affords?
Thou that canst do much more with
one poor pen
Than all the powers of princes .can
effect;
And draw, divert, dispose and fash-
ion. men, .
Better than force. or rigour can
direct!
Should we this ornament of glory
then,
As th' immaterial fruits of shades,
neglect? . -
—From "Musophilus,", by Samuel
Daniel, (1599.) •
"1 know I'm going to have troub e
with my new neighbor."
"What makes you think se?"
"He's already begun advertising
himself. as a lover of peace.
A speculative despair is unpardon
able where it is our duty to act.—
Burke.
Amusing Anecdotes
Of Famous People
A few years ago an anxious mother
wrote to W. Somerset Maugham, the.
novelist, asking him to tell her in a
few words what wasthe next step for
leer son, who was soon leaving Har-
vard at,d was determined to adopt a
literary career. Maughant's answer
was quite brief;.
"Give your son one thousand dol-
lars a year for five years and tell him
to go to the mischief.
The lady, who lived in Boston, was
quite shocked at the idea . and ex-
plained that what she wanted on was
"more the technique of ,novel writing
if you understand what I mean."
* * *
Maugham did understand, and iii
the goodness of his heart sent . the
lady .a long letter, since published in
the "Boolcnvan"—filled with valuable
advice. In it he modestly said:
"I am sure that there are a great
many people who are much better
qualified than me to give your son
hints on this . difficult matter."
To which the lady from Boston re-
plied, in part:
"It is very good of you to have
written nee such a long and careful
letter, but since I wrote to. you last
nay son has decided to go into the
bond business:"
Then she add a P.S. "I ani surpris-
ed at your writing 'than me." Surely
it should be 'than I:
* * *
George Saintsbury who passed
on recently — gave this as his defini-
tion of Idealism:
"It is something that you think
nice, something that you claim for
yourself, and especially something
that you refuse to your opponents."
Neat!
• * *
Tibetans exchange no word of
greeting with those they meet on the
read. The lowliest ones instead stick
out their tongues, says Henrietta
Sands Merrick (in "Spoken in Tibet"
—a delightful account of her adven-
turous
dventurous journey to the Forbidden
Land.)
"It is related that this custom or-
iginated during the religious' wars,"
she explains, "when the red sect lamas
had power to cast spells from great
distances by means of the simple re-
citation of mantras.
* * *
"Their oft -repetition of these male-
volent spells turned their tongues
black, it is said, so in order to dietect
their enemies, the opposing yellow -cap
lamas forced all captives to show
their tongues, that those found to
have black ones inigght be put to death.
The voluntary showing of the tongue
isintended to prove that they are .not
hostile."
Well, well!
Mrs. Merrick a seasoned traveller
and absolutely fearless—went part of
the way by air. She flew from Eng-
land to Indi5,500 miles in seven
days! A thrilling adventure in itself.
Once en the long voyage, the pilot
passed a note to the passenger, read-
ing:
"Don't be alarmed if you're knocked
about a bit now. We're about to land
and it's apt to be rough with this
wind. Look out that things Th the
_tacks don't .fall on your heads."
* * »:
Later the pilot gave a humorous
impersonation of the passengers• as
seen from the cockpit—which Will be
recognized by all who have flown .any
distance:
"The Gudden cessation of automatic
chewing; the rolling of eyes in the
direction of the engines, especially if
one of them back -fired or ceased to
purr evenly; the gestures of distress
when "bumps' occurred; the slow,
thoughtful resuinpti•on of chewing
when anxiety is momentarily relieved;
the very rapid chewing when they
want to assure themselves there is no
need for .alarm; the frantic way they
jump up and punch already secure
Articles in the rack when such a
warning as we had just; received was
given them. That was what we all
did,"
* * *
Here its a story of Augusbine Mr-
rell, the author -statesman, who was
Secretary for Ireland at the tithe of
the Easter rebellion in 1916. In his
eae,iy days at the bar he accepted' a
brief marked fifteen shillings, The
same evening he was arraigned be-
forea r
an impromptu court at the ba
mess and accusied of unprofessional
conduct for taking so low a fee. His
defence, which was deemed satisfac-
tory, was that his conduct could not
be called unprofessionalinasmuch as
he had taken all that his client had.
4 * *
Rodin had no head for titles for
his works and was usually indebtei
too his friends for the names by which
his sculptures were known. For in-
stance, this is the history of his ".out.
John the Baptist," as told dy him to
Frank Rutter, the art critic, and re-
told by Rutter in his reminiscences;
One morning things had gone very
badly. Rodin could not get his model
to take vp a satisfactory pose, and
having wasted several hours he gave
up in despair and told the model he
eeuld go, The man strode across the
room to fetch his clothes --his move-
ment was admirable.
"Stop!" cried the sculptor, "stop as
you are, and hold it."
Then he began feverishly to make
a sketch.
* * *
When the statue was finished Rodin
had no idea but to exhibit it with the
title, "A Man Walking," but soon af-
terwards in came his friend Octave
Mirbeau, the critic and novelist.
"Magnificent!" said Mirbeau. "I
read your purpose: "It's John the
Baptist, of course."
"It was an idea," Rodin naively
confessed to Mr. Rutter, "and I wrote
it down at once for fear that I might
forget it."
A Good Looking
Sport Model
By HELEN WILLIAMS.
Illustrated Drestmalcing Lesson Fur-
nished With Every Pattern
A good-looking sports coat that is
exceedingly youthful besides being
smart and practical.
It is simplicity itself to fashion it.
And the saving in cost, simply enor-
mous.
The original carried a sportive -air
in brown and yellow .bw'eed-like
woolen.
Style No. 3328 is designed for sizes
12, 14, 16, 18, 20 years, 36 and 38
inches bust.
Size 16 requires 231 yards of 54 -
inch material with 2% yards ef n-
inth hingng.
HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS
Write your name and address plain-
ly, giving number and size of such
patterns as you want. Enclose 15c in
stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap
'it carefully) for oaeh number, and
address your order to Wilson Pattern
Service, 73 Wed' Adelaide St., Toronto.
o.,;.
The gamester, if he die a martyr to
his profession, is doubly ruined. He
adds his soul to every other loss, and
by the act of suicide renounces earth
to forfeit heaven.—Colton.
Money dishonestly acquired is never
worth its cost, while a good conscieuce
never costa as much as it is worth.—
J. Pitit Senn.
Indian Wisdom For Lone . Scouts
The Indian, from earliest childhood,
was always taught tow keep silence.
You will find in all Red Indian stories
.that the stolid silence of the Xndian is
described, •
Above all a Chief was expected to
be a man who could "hold his tongue"
until such time as it becam4 necessary
for him to speak, to his braves, words
of wisdom in the Council Lodge or
around the Council Fire.
Tho Indian knew only too well the
"folly of words" and it was considered
very out of place for a youth, who had
completed his tests of manhood and
had been admitted to the council, to
have too much_ talk. They considered
that a man who could at all times con-
trol his tongue could also control his
whole body.
Too much talk is the alga of the
Tenderfoot. The old hand, the "moss-
back," does not "jaw." He only speaks
when there is something important to
say.
There are two wise sayings which
every Lone Scout would do .well to re-
member. They are—"A still tongue
makes a Wise head" and "Empty ves-
sels make most sound."
Remember, if you are too busy mak-
ing a noise yourself, you will not be
able to hear the opinions and the in-
formation which is being offered by
others.
So Lone Scouts will follow the ex-
ample
xample of the Indians, and remember
the value of silence.
A 90 -Year Old Rover Scout
A Rover Scout Crew ef Saskatoon,
Iimbrey's Own, recently invested as an
honorary member Scout E. Parr, near-
ing his 90th birthday. Scout Parr an-
nounced that his special good turn
would be kicking banana peels off the
sidewalks so that others older than
himself might not slip and fall.
Royal Interest in Scouting
,On invitation of the King of Siam
76 Siamese Scout leaders attended a
month's training camp on the Rama
Palace grounds at Bejrapuri.
At the Heart of the Empire
A happening at the•foot of the Nel-
son Monument, Trafalgar Square, Lon-
don, was described by the Hon. Wm,
Finlayson, Provincial Minister of
Lands and Forests, at the annual
meeting dinner of the Ontario Scout
Association, as the incident that had
first • interpreted to hum the signific-
ance of the. Boy Scout Movement.
Baling Old Autos •
The remarkable growth of the auto-
mobile industry has sharpened the
problem of how to dispose of worn-
out and junked cars.
Some are disassembled for usable
parts and remelting scrap; some are
sunk behind breakwaters to serve as
ballast; but the majority are,, aban-
doned to rust away.
Every automobile has some value
as scrap -metal. Three years ago the
Ford Motor Company conceived the
idea of dismantling cars in a large-
scale way and remelting the steel
scrap• in open-hearth furnaces. Satis-
fied with its first efforts, the company
increased its operations about a year
ago by the installation of a 1;000 -ton
hydraulic press for reducing the ears
to bales, and a 400 -ton furnace to re-
melt these large bales. Says a writer
in "Steel" (Cleveland) :
"The press, said to be the world's
largest baling press, was designed and
built by Logomann Bros. 0o., Mil-
waukee, and has sufficient size and
power to hold a complete .automobile
or truck, and to reduce it to a own -
pressed bundle of open-hearth charg-
ing size,
"The derelict automobiles or trucks,
stripped of engines and many parts
of saleable value, roll one at a time
down an incline from the disassembly'
line into the maw or forward end of
the press. An 8 -ton hydraulically op-
erated steel gate is dropped clown to
close the opening behind the car, and
with the charging chamber sealed, the
compression cycle is commenced.
'First, a low'-presure horizontal
traveling ram, capable of exerting
360 tons' pressure, advances against
the front of the car and crushes it
from. a 17 -foot length to 30 inches.
T1-3 697 cubic foot capacity of the
charging chamber ie reduced to 102
102 cubic feet when the horizontal
While in London in 1929, the year .of
the World Scout Jamboree, he visited
Tralafgar Srluare, to "stand for a few
minutes of reflection at the heart of
the Empire," There, before the Nel-
son 'Monument, he was somewhat up-
set to find a .considerable crowd, pos.
sibly listening to the !harangue of a
"Red," or some other intruding voice.
In its centre, however, he discovered
two East Indian Boy Scouts bending
over a map of London, laying out a
sight-seeing tour by compass.
The boys, quite undisturbed by.
their audience, returned polite thank
yous for proffered advice, but went
ahead with their own quiet talk and
planning. Finally they rose, one put
away the compass, the other folded
the map, and without inquiry of any-
one
nyone they set off. The discovery of
these two young representatives of In,
dia, pilgrims like himself to the "heart
of the Empire," their demeanour, and
the confident manner in which thee
planned their sight-seeing through HA
intricacies of the world's greatest
city, left a never -forgotten impression,
It provided a unique demonstration,
the Hon. Mr. Finlayson felt, of the
Scout ties of Empire friendship and
loyalty, and as well of the practical
and unversal value of the Scout train,
ing.
Ontario Sc'outs of Many Churches
The 1932 Boy Scout census report
for Ontario shows 333 out of 516 Scout
Groups sponsored by churches: Angli•
can, 172; United, 79; Presbyterian,
46; Roman Catholic, 21; Baptist, 13;
Greek Catholic, 1; Friends, 1. The
greatest increase was in United
Groups. Interdenominational common•
ity groups and units sponsored by hos,
pitals, Canadian Legion, I.O.D.E., Ro
tary and Lions Clubs, etc., make up
the balance.
Scouting is universal, interdenomin
ational and non-political. There is a
place in this organization for you, 11
you are a boy between 12 and 18 years
of age, anxious to make the best of your
boyhood, and keen to grow into a good
citizen of. Canada. The Lone Scout
Department is especially interested in
boys who live in small towns and vil
lages or on farms, and who cannot be
long to regularly organized Boy Scout,
Troops.
You can find out about this move,
meet by writing to The Boy Scouts
Association, Lone Scout Department,
330 Bay Street, Toronto.—"Lone E."
ram reaches its maximum stroke.
"As the horizontal ram holds the
partially compressed car firmly for-
ward, a vertical rani, weighing 17
tons and operating at right angles,
descends from above to effect the final
compression. Backed by a 1,500 -ton
pressure, this down -stroke ram crush-
es the car to an average height 'of
from 10 to 30 inches. Heavy trucks
are compf-essed into a 30 -inch high
bale.
"Upon release of the pressure, the
high and low-pressure rams recede,
the gate raises, and an ejector ram
moves forward from the left side of
the compression ehamber. At the
same time a bucker -up ram recedes to
the right; thus between the tv o .rams
the densely compacted bale of steel
scrap is discharged onto a conveyor
and then taken to the open-hearth
furnace.
"The powerful rams and ti'eir tre.
n enrdous pressure operate from large
double -pressure cylinder pumps, Op
erated in this instance by 300 -horse.
power motors, this type of pump per
/nits high-speed action at the begin.
ning of operations 'when- xep:drel
pressures are low. When a predeter
rained pressure or residues paint iR
reached, the low-pressure, fast -moa
ing cylinder automatically autos out
and its high-pressure, slower, but fat
stronger mate in the second cylindea
completes the operation.
"All press operations are handled
by remote control. One man directs
every move by simple- turning a handl
wheel to which all functions respond
mechanically."
ANGER
When. I get good and angry, I be
slst on being alone. It saves
reputation for being explosive a
dangerous and for year
s this w
my heaviest handicap --- tem +r.
Van Amburgh,
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