HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1943-08-12, Page 6i area
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THE WAR - WEEK --- Commentary on Current Events
Russians Have Used Artillery ?E
Effectively In Most Of Their Wars
Wlib z; the walls of Moscow's
Kremlin stands a giant tube of
ornania:.ted metal weighing many
tens. IT. was cast in 15S6, just two
years ;,veer the death of Ivan the
Terrible. For centuries it has' been
caller, :he "Czar's cannon" in
tribet_e ;o its size. Today it is a re-
mindce that Russians have long
cottn,e"n on the artillery arm and
have used it to effect in most of
their wars.
The *resent struggle is no ex-
ceptiGes, says The New York
Tizzies. Russian reliance on artil-
lery as one of tbe answers to
Nazi Blitzkrieg has proved well
found'ee. Among the Soviet weap-
ons preised by military men are
a 4an:rre anti -tarok gun, the Putilov
76.2. n.. field piece, a double-pur-
poseanti-aircraft and anti-tank
sena et she same caliber, and a big
15?mnt. ;six-inch) gun mounted on
a 52 -tan tank chassis. Used in con-
juuetien with aircraft, tanks and
the `a -ale of defence in depth,
sora: is many a Panzer spearhead.
Throuale much of the war- their '
prih ry :ole has been defensive.
Red Pincers Tightening
La:: week Russian artillery was
being used to good effect offen-
sively.. It was playing an increas-
ingly important part in the great
Sore: *ir ive ou Orel, major Nazi
supply 'rase and hinge between the
invae:'> central and southern
fronts. For twenty months Ger-
mans :i::d been digging in around
the +:t;-, creating a maze of
tren •':es. pillbodes and strong
poirts. miles in depth. To blast a
way tieeouch the interminable bar-
ricade massed Russian batteries
laid •.c,en drumfire reminiscent of
Wori:i War I. With their aids the
Red eincers slowly tightened,
clo: it e in ou Orel from the north,
the i.•.:ri and the south. After near-
ly three weeks of ferocious fight-
ing, Se -stet legions were within a
few miles of their gial. An esti-
mate. 250.000 German troops were
in dagger of entrapment.
Descriptions of the battle by
Mos erne correspondents pictured
enemy reserves being hurled in
fruit:e s counter-attacks against
Ruse ian tank and infantry units,
The Geetnns were ordered to fight
to the death. Thousands of them
did. Their resperate defence ap
parer:ay was slowing the advance
of the Red Army. Nevertheless,
the Ressians pushed nearer to the
vital rail line running west to
Bryatisk. seized strategic heights
north of Orel, crossed the Oka
River t.y. the north and south of
the ens-, Red cavalry entered the
struggle, seeking to exploit a
breach opened by troops -pressing
up the t ailway from Eursk.
"Widespread Fighting
Activities elsewhere on the long
:Fasts: n front were overshadowed
by the struggle for Orel. Fighting:
•tvas reported southeast of .Lenin-
grad. •where the lied Army ap-
peared to be trying to widen the
corridor to the Soviet Union's
seeonma largest city. Local clashes
contir ne&1 near Belgorod, where
the Nazis' summer drive had come
to grief alo:r'ow communiques
told at f Fish enemy attacks_ in the.
Bongos., evidently• aimed at re •
fleeing. the pressure ori`Orel. 350,
miles to the •north.
Behind. these vast operations on
the Russian front sone observers
e
glimp d tbe outlines of a new
.German strategy. It appeared to
be a srrategy of defence, horn of
weaselly. One of its symptoms
was the presence in the Orel sec-
tor of a defence weapon Russians
have nii•hnamed "the iron 'arab"—
a mobile armored pillbox for ma+
• chine gunners that car be trans-
ported by truck and )r'ried in the
ground wherever needed, The
:Nazis were also laying vast tame
fields. From such signs it Might
be deduced that henceforth • the
German General Staff intends to
husband its dwindling manpower
against the day when it . must des --
fend Fortress Europe on every
side- .
• `.Hamburg Under Fire
Target No. 1 for last week was
Hamburg—Germany's second larg
est city, its greatest port, a vital
centre of coastal and inland ship-
ping, home of many industries.
Eight 'times in six days British
and American bombers swarmed
over the sprawling city ou the
Elbe. Observers estimated that
3,000 tons of bombs were dropped
in those 144 hours—a weight
greater than that the . Luftwaffe
loosed over England in the eleven-
month
levenmonth "blitz" of September, 1940,
to July, 1941. At times the bombs
came down at a rate of almost a
ton a second—a drumfire of huge
explosions. Under the impact,
docks, ships, barges, cranes, fac-
tories • and warehouses shuddered
into ruins then burst into •flames.
, Clouds • of 'smoke towered five
tamales into the sky from fires ap-
parently beyond the control of
sleepless firefighters Yet this was
not all. Wilhelmshaven, IKiel,
Wesermuende, Warneni rude • and.
Wuestrow, all industrial and ship
ping centres, some of them
portant U-boat bases — were hit.
Inland cities of Hanover, Kassel'
and Oschersieben—turning out
guns, .planes and tanks — heard
the thunder of planes and the
crash of bombs.
What can remain of Hamburg
under such repeated and heavy
blows only reconnaisance photo-
graphs can tell. It seemed clear
that important parts of it must be
blackened ruins. It was clear also
that another objective of the Al-
lies
llies was being realized—the dis-
organization and extension of the
Reich's sorely taxed defences.
Pilots on the later raids to Ham-
burg encountered more planes and
heavier flak, apparently drawn
from other sections. But that they
were not enough was indicated by
reports that in the five days. in
all raids, 200 German fighter
planes were shot down by the
Americans alone, The R.A.F. ra
ported its bomber losses were
running to only 3 per rant.
Rubber for War
Medium-sized tanks require 500
pounds of rubber, and pontoon -
bridge sections over 1,000 pounds.
The gasoline' tank alone of a Fly-
ing Fortress uses 500 pounds of
bullet -sealing rubber, while large
bombers require aver 1,200
pounds. Excavation trucks used
by the army with tire diameters
of 93s feet require about 3,500
pounds.
OTTAWA IMPORTS
That Farm. Living and opera#.*.
Ing costs 'Have Not Risen As s.
. Much as Selling .Price
Donald Gordon, Chairman 'Of the
Wartime Prices and Trade Board
his"analyzed in tbe most interest-
ing tasbion the Canadian farm. ec-
onomic picture and• reinforced
with facts .and figures the ware -
lugs issued ,by national leaders
against the dangers of inflation..
Canada's own dose of inflatiou
after the last war, he said, was ,
small as compared to Germany's,
but the benefits conferred on Can-
adian farmers were equally trans-
itory. Although farm prices in Can-
ada as a whole had more than
doubled in the period 1913 to 1920
the apparent improvement in the
farmer's position was largely an
illusion because farm .living cost
and operating expanses rose near-
ly as much.
The slump In farm prices -start-
ed
stat'ted in 1920 and gained momentum
rapidly. In three years they. had.
dropped 50 per cent. But the prices
of all those things the farmers had
to buy had not fallen as rapidly
and taxes and mortgage costs had
remained fixed. And by 1923 the
farmer had discovered that the
relation between farm prices and
farm costs had been less favor-
able than before inflation began.
"And so it will be again," said
Mr, Gordon., ';jf we are fooliskt: en-
ough to let inflation, take hold:•"
The Wartime Prices and Trade
Board Chairman declared; "The
real interest of agriculture is best
served by a. long period of stable
prices. I have no quarrel 'with
those who contend that the farm-
ers bf Canada were not receiving
a proper return for their labors
and who say that—notwithstand-
ing the improvement of the last
few years—their position is still
not all that it might be. But to-
day we have not the goods and
services available to Increase the
standard of living, .or even. Wain -
Wit it, Our resources are pledged
its a war for survival ---the iuost
costly of ail wars."
e
Paying tribute to the fat -Mere
for the magnificent job •they were
doing in •wartitue food production,
Mr: Gordon told the Alberta Fed-
eration of Agriculture that "the
agonf of war is no time for any
a.gauy of war is no time for any
more than that, it is shortsighted
to believe that concessions extract-
ed from the coneinunity by virtue
of wartime shortages could be
maintained. Intelligent agricultur-
al leadership will make neither
of these mistakes. It would rather
study and 'press for action which
will insure stability now and
postwar."
After praising • Canadian farm-
ers for the increase in volume of
food production by more than 25
per cent last year despite man-
power shortage, Mr. Gordon went
on to discuss the economic posi-
tion of the farmer today. The of-
ficial index showed, he said, that
farm prices had risen 43 per cent
since 1959, and if wheat were left
out, prices, on the average were •
50 per cent higher, aside from sub-
sidies.
The Wartime Prices Board, he
said, had not frozen agricultural
prices at a relatively low level as
some critics had declared. .Not
only had there been the improve-
ment in prices referred to, but, -
he added, there- had been more
adjustments in prices for farm
products than for anything •else
the Board had dealt with.
Agreeing that fanners' expenses
had gone up also, he declared that
"taken as a whole, farm living
and farm operating costs have not
risen nearly as much as the sell-
ing price. The margin between in-
come and expenses is almost
double the pre-war figure."
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Use of Sprained
Ankle Is Advised
Immediate and 'normal use of a
sprained ankle and foot, almost
irrespective of the type of local
treatment adopted," definitely
hastens recovery according to
Lieut. Commdr. Paul E. McMas-
ter, USNR, writing in the Jour-
nal of the American Medical As-
sociation: Uniformly best results
were obtained When all pain in
the injured part was suppressed
by injections of procaine hydro-
ebioride, "Patients who returned
immediately to' normal activity
and used and moved the foot and -
ankle improved much more rap-
idly than those who did not?' Dr,
McMaster said.
IV Si
SERVING THE
UNITED al r'iOI S
WITH WAR ALCOHOL
Up in the nose the bomb Winer sits in a cosy
little "greenhouse" all his - awn. Between him
and the stars and empty space below is a
curved, crystal-clear material that looks like
glass --but isn't. Tougher by far than glass, shatterproof for safety, it is a clear
transparent plastic that can be shaped and moulded to serve a thousand war-
time uses. Plastics are infinite in variety, indispensable to modern war, and
P�_fabulaus quantities of pure war alcohol are required to make them. Alcohol
plays a vital part not only in the making of plastics, but in the manufacture of
synthetic rubber, in keeping fighting planes ice -free, and in The war against
infection in hospitals and on the battlefield. Every ounce we can produce is
"a-�-- urgently needed, 'That is why all our plants are now on 100% war production.
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