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Zurich Herald, 1917-12-14, Page 211, a The Disaster is the 'Mst Awful Catastrophe Mich Has Befallen My City in the Wond. Harrowing Details of the Explosion Which Wrecked the Northern Section of the City and Caused Death and Injury of Thou- sands—Collision in the Harbor Between. French Munitions Ship Mm Blanc and Belgian Relief Steamer, The Imo. Id the roadway were the mangled re- e- mains ef his little two-year-old child, e who hnd met death while playing on the. roadside. Many of those composing the crews xs of ships in the harbor were killed and ' injured, The damage alone the water] front is very serious. The munition ship, after the crew left her, veered in towards the Hali- fax side of the harbor, and the eity received the full force of the explo- e sion Many hundreds of people are dei and thousands Are injured and hom lege because o a frightful explosio and the fire which followed it Thursday of last week. All the e teeme north end of the eity is devast- ated. The city is cut off from tele- graphic communication with the world. The .dieaster was caused primarily by the Belgian relief steamer, th . ' . Tine. going out and a French munition steamer, the Mount Blanc, entering the harbor coming into collision. Then the munition ship took fire and • the crew left her. They landed on the Dartmouth shore, and soon after the ship blew up, with 5,000 tons of high explosives. The Belgian ship was beached on the shore of the hal. bor opposite Halifax. Fragments o the ship and her ammunition wer scattered all over the northern part o the city, and the violence of the ex plosion wrecked all the buildings i that part of the city. f f n "The most awful . catastrophe which has befallen . y ,n thee . Such is the opinion of all officers an Men who have returned from the fron who have been in the thick of th fighting since Canadians went into ac tion, And they are right. The me from the trenches, the men behind th trenehes or in the rear, and the ma who has been through the times o A part of the town of Dartmouth is also in ruins. Nearly all the buildings in the dock- yard are in reins. Practically all the north end of the city has been laid waste. The destruction extends from North street railwav station as far mirth SI CONFUSION OVER WHISTLES 13IAMED —0-0 — Pilot Frank Frank Mackie, who was on the munition ship, declares that the accident was due to a confusion of whistles, sounded by the Belgian Relief steamer. in addition to her cargo of muni- tions, the Mont Blanc carried a deokload of benzine, and this caught fire, following the explo- sion. The Captain of the Mont Blanc ordered his crew to take to the boats. The men hastily left the ship in two boats and rowed for the Halifax side of the harbor, which they reached in safety. The men ran for refuge, as they felt that an explosion was inevit- able. Twenty minutes later the explosion occurred, and the men were hurled flat on the ground. some battered beyond recognition, and other • ), r BRITISH AND FRENCH MOPS Enemy Driye REACJ FRONT ITALIAN LINES ••••,,,,•• " 72 „ Markets of the Workifl PEER FO Areadstuffs. , . No. 1 Northern, $2.231; No. 2 do„ $2.2017 Toronto, Dec, 11 -Manitoba Is . • •'1, No, 3 do. $2 171: Nti 4 vitae 32 01, in Asiago Sector is Checked-Itallans Can, Now Wu re r ,', s2: o. t eon tam, includlog2/e'lit.tx, in Manitoba us -No. 2 0.11V.. 831e; No Hold Passes. a C. W. Sffie: No. 1 extra feed, 80'e: No," IV 1 feed, 76% la store Fort Williani. 11' Italian Headquarters in Northern suspended, with the enemy checked, if Italy, Dec. 9. --British and Freneh not defeated, in his main design, of troops have taken up their position$ breaking through to the Brenta Valley in the front Italian lines on this and the plain a few miles below, al' - front, front, It will be cheering news to though he succeeded in advancing his the allied world that allied reinforce- lines a short distance when the Rale ments have now definitely taken their ians fell back 'Le new positioes, place on the actual Italian front and These positions, guarding the F'ren- are to -day occupying trenches in the zela and Gadena passes, have sue - battered positions held by the Italian cessfully resisted all enemy efforts, troops, now relieved for a needed re- and the Italians on the steep heights spite. on each side of the passes rain down The British position is around the artillery and rifle -fire and release heights of Montello, on the upper huge boulders every time the enemy Piave, where the batteries on the forces try to get through. heights are already in action, and rifle This has continued until the ital- fire answers the steady sniping from ians seem reasonably assured of across the river. The French position holding the passes and compelling. the is in an equally impoetant sector. enemy to look for another line of ap- The Battle of Asiago is virtually ;preach. CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA. London, Dec. 9.-A proclamation to the Russian nation has been issued by the Russian Government announcing that "Kaledines and Korniloff, as- sisted by the Imperialists and Consti- tutional Democrats, have raised 'a re! g _ as agon volt and declared war the Don re- 1 Halifax, Dec. 9. -To -day, after an - 'other terrible night, when the wind blew a hurricane and the rain fell in torrents, upo; conditions becoming normal again, the relief work and the search for the dead was .•continued. M, Y more bodies . save soeen found and . the number at the various .morgues is 1,050. As yet no defititeeatatement can be made about the total number of dead, though four thousand is given as the figure that may ultimately be reached. Acting on orders the poll e began the arrest to -day of all German citi- zens of Halifax, whetherAi or we - men. At six o'clock sev' nien and one 'womafl. had been locked up, and the police are after the others, who will be jailed as fast as they can be found. as Africville, to Bedford Basin:and covers about two square mules. The buildings which were not de- stroyed by the explosion were laid waste by the fire that followed. Thousands Homeless Thousands of persons are rendered homeless. The Academy of Mfisic and many ether public buildings have been thrown open to house the homeless. Five hundred tents have been erect - e ed on the Common, and these will be occupied by the troops, who have n given up their barracks to house the homeless women and children. Temporary hospitals and morgues distrees in London and the southeas coast when Zeppelins and enemy air planes bombed the Capital of the Empire and the coastal towns, they all know that they never met with such dire casualties as befell the city of Halifax on Thursday of last week. .At nine o'clock on Thursday of last week the city was enjoying its usual period of calm and the streets were crowded with people wending their way to work, little thinking of that which in a few minutes was to befall them. Suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, there carne an explosion. From one end of the city to the other glass fell, and people were lifted from the side- walks and thrown flat into the streets. In the down -town offices, just begin- ning to hum with the usual day's ac- tivities, clerks and heeds alike cower- edunder the shower of falling glass and plaster which fell about them The collision was a terrific one, the munition boat being pierced on the poet side almost to the engine - room. The relief veseel, which was prtietically uninjured, kept going ahead with the wounded craft, and Whee the fire wae seen to break aboned her, backed away, and the crew etarted to abandon her. The Mont Blanc drifted away, a burning wreck, while the relief boat beached neat. Tuft's Cove on the Dart- mouth side of the harbor. Seventeen minutes after the collision the explo- t tfle (nee 1115 explosion houses crumpled like decks of cards, while the unfortunate resi- dents wore swept to death_ in the de- bris. The main damage was done in the north end of the city, known as Rich - Mond, which was opposite the point of the vesesels' vollision. Here the 'damage was so extensive as to be to- tally beyond the field of description, eatreet after street is in ruins and flamee swept twee the district. Five minutee after the explosion puttered the streets were filled with 4 tesror-stricken mob of people, all trying to make their way as best they might to the outskirts in order to get out ef the range of whet they thought to be a Gseman raid V,himen ruehed in terror-stricken Mobs through the etreete, many of them with eh i a re n el a eped to their breaste. In their eyes Wa 1, a look of terror as 1 l'uiy milt' gird i mobs through the I;treeis with blood -stain- - Ssd facee and endeavored to gt•.1 any - *here from the failing masoery and crumbling walls. Among the hundreds who were kill- ied hy the explosion was nee particula ?arty ead case of a .Canadian Govern- 0 employee named , MacDonald, b who, on slashing to his home after the d oxplosion, found that all his family f 0,oneisting of his wife and four ail- Aren, had perished. Before Lira on t as. been opene e 55 11001 houses in the western section of the city. The doctors and nurses worked heroically in rendering aid to the injured, Later,Details Order is beginning to be restored. The fire department reports all fires under control, and the emergency committee has matters well in -hand. A howling blizzard set in Friday afternoon and impeded the rescue work, butethe homeless are being tem - All the survivors of the Norwegian steamer Imo, which collide'd with the French munition ship 11t Blanc were made prisoners by Ms British naval authoritiea to -day.,, Lamedoc, of th t **Won ,1111 Mopt Blanc; and Pilot' McKay, who was bringing the vessel in when it was rammed by the relief .ship Imo, are also to be placed under arrest. The pilot on the Belgian boat is dead. porarily sheltered and made es coin- --Aid for the stricken city of Halifax A despatch from London says: The Portable as possible pending the ar- 'When the official Government in- was started forward on Thursday British have slightly advanced their rival of supplies, doctors and nurses,' vestigation of the munitions ship ex a night by the American Red Cross. On line southwest of La Vac eerie on th gion against "the people and the re - volution." • The proclamation adds that "the Constitutional Democrats and bour- geoisie are supplying the revolting generals with scores of millions." "The Workmen's and Soldiers' dele- gates have ordered the necessary movements of troops against the counter-revolution and issued decrees authorizing the local revolutionary garrisons to attack the -enemies of the people without awaiting orders from the supreme authorities and forbid- ding any attempts at mediation." CEREAL FOOD FOOD IN PACKAGES. fire to the Kifri coal mines, as fires were observed. burning there Thurs- day. "The total captures between Mon- day and. Wednesday were 227 psis- = oners, including the commander of the 156th Regiment and six other tofficers, two field guns and one ma- ehme-gun." HMC ADJUSTS Americad'corn-No. 3 yellow, nominal. Ontario oats -No. 0 white, 75 to 70o, nominal; No, 2, do., 74 to 75c, nominal, tteeording toareiglits outside Ontario wheal --New, No. 2 'Wintee, 52,22; haffis, In store, Montreal, Peas --No, 2, 53.70 to 53.30, according to freights outside. 51.23 to 51,24, ac- cording to freights outside litailtwheat-51.45 to 51.10. rtecording to freights outside. No, 2, $1.75, accordlog to freights outside. Manitoba, flour -First Patents. -in ;lute g'4, 511,50' 2nd, do., $11; strong 51 AO, !toroth°. • MUST Id In Order ee • • pe'll;oerbren tlungs 11 they suh Ontario doer -Winter, according to 11 59.0(3. in bags. Montreal; $9,75. :".1 • mixed, do., 313 to 515. track Toronto., freights, hags I nelnd ea --Bran. 'per tun, Toronto; $9,70 bulk. seaboard, prompt • ;; tihowC41e'r-ctr(111 527; shorts, do., 543; middlings. do„. of wood $4,7 to 543; good feed flour, uor bag. • - Hay• ---No. 1, now, her ton, 516 to 4'171 Millfeed--Car lots, (hill cored Montreal .• 11 11... them. t$:3114.12esr;e4,,,z.,(,atit.).10ie, per ton, 50 to $0,50, .k bone -dr: Product blades forced (1 Country Produce-Vfholeaule Some '700 reV geared power propell• ends ee 600 mil A 0 pressen ed by Ameri Washb known apart. ance 1 seriou counts In ; force rotati speed and t . when eithe mous iBRITISH GAIN - per lb, 36 to 88c. i ny.i, -Fresh gathered eggs, 47 to 4se. AGAINST TURK growpt,t,r:,„-, „:\,..vii1;;),1,70,7iiisprie=$113.111tfi points. 51.95 for first-class. stock. f.o.b., outside _ Wholesalers are selling to the retail Russians Aid to Mesopotamia Cheese -New large 23 to 231e• twins trade at the following prices: - Success, . large twin, 26 to Mc. 23, to 23:0; early (dynes% 251 to 26e: Butter-Presh dairy, ebnice, 40 to 41c; London, Dec. 9. -The following offi- creamery -prints, 45 to 46c; solids, 44 to cial statement concerning operations 46c. in Mesopotamia was issued to -day:. NEgigs•-New laid. In eartons, 60 to 62e; "After securing Sakaltutan Pass 46 to PC•:'.ag°. 42 to M.,: aelec), storage. Tuesday the Turks were pursued to t tizessed poultry --Spring ehickens. 27 the village of Karak Tepe, 25 miles 54 to 54.50; turkeys, 30 to 33e; duekS, 20 to 220 oy 22 to 25e; soulibs, per doz., Spring, 23 to 25e; geese. north of Deli Abbas, through which the enemy was driven after a sharp :hickens, lb.; 20e; hells, 16 to'2.0e• l'iv It . T 1- • ., 2, •, . ' g engagement. The pursuit was made `auicks. .Spring. 20 to 22e: geese, 18c. '' over difficulties over bogs and inter- 32.50; 12 El,';tra2, V211) to16 2oz., Strained, tins. 2/'s and 5's, 19 1.051,951% seated by numerous watercourses. The!, e, lie 's, isi to Ise; 60's, 18 to British and Russians fighting on oursl*Li3e-ans-1°Canadith right flank showed great powers of to'. $6.'t",!; P'ei• 11111X11.'tnhialdsn-dni-ilieeiii:c ehidilwi 10.0. endurance, overcoming all- obstacles. 171e, Poatoes. o•n track --Ontario. bag, 52.10 "Friday our aeroplanes bombed t•o $2.25 Delawares, bag. $2.25 to $2.59. Tux Kurmatli with good results. •. -___ nutter-tS'reamery. solids, pet, lb. 421 to 43e; pt•ints, per lb. 43 to 431c; dairy. "It is reported the Turks have set Food Controller Announces Change in Regulations. .. A despatch from Ottawa says: An- nouncement is made by the Food Con- troller that licenses would be issued, permitting the manufacture and im- portation of specific cereal foods in packages of less weight than twenty pounds, under certain regulations. Dealers, other than those manufactur- ing or importing packages of cereals, will be exempted from the provisions of the orderLin-Council of Octobei- 19, AMERICAN RED CROSS SENDS AID A despatch from :Washington says: CA BRM LINE British Slightly Advance Lines Southwest of La Vacquerie. , which are already pouring in on Plosion begins here it will be testified the special train sent from Boston by Gambrel front, it was announced of- to 4.1 pieees, $5.3 to $53; Canada sheet the Governor of Massachusetts were ficially on Thursday. cut back, hthrels, 45 to 55 nieces, $50 to special trains from other cities of the that the Monte Blanc carried.. 4,000 551. 1,a1d-Compound. wood pails. 20 province and New Brunswick, and will : tons of TNT, the highest eXplosive six experienced disaster relief workers ' On Tuesday night, the official state- lbs net. 25 to 26e; do., pure, wood pans, ben- V.rth eft:entities of surgical supplies, ment says, the British troops with- 20 Ilia net, 271 to 28e. be largely supplemented from Mame, ever known, and a deck load of Massachusetts, New York, Quebetfand zinc • bedding and clothing, and asespecial drew to the southwest of Noyelles- Ontario ose Se turday. . Temporary — e Cross train from New 'leek car- sur-l'Escaut and Bourton Wood. The Winnipeg Grain ried food, mattresses, blankets, sweat- withdrawal, it is added, was accom- oats -No. - Winnipeg, Doc. 11 ---Cash prices: - hospitals have been secured in sheds The estimate of material required 2 C.W8310;. No, • and stores where inmates of charit- for the temporary repairs to be done ers, overcoats and a large quantity of plished without the Germans appear- ,1,9„iee. ; !kx„trt,1 1.7:;1 je'eg. "i'-'1`:'eN.:to, Igeeda' able institutions whose buildings are in Halifax so as to make damaged clothing for women and children. : Mg to be aware of it until late yes- kin: eSio. 4, keeii- 'resedt-i';e4ii: houses available, and which have been terday. sato Flax -No. 1 NW C.. $3.041; No. ----qt--------- in danger of collapse will be removed BAKERS MUST SAVE 22 C.N.V. $ .95. IThe Bank of Nova Scotia will furnish' prepared by the reconstruction sec- Minor hostile attacks south of . ' -- WHEAT FOR ALLIES' NEED. 1 all necessary funds to the various tion of the Halifax Relief Committee, Bowl= Wood were etepulsed with Provisions -Wholesale Smoked meats -Hams. medium, 30 to 31c; do.,heavy, 26 to 27e; cooked, 41 to 42e; rols, 27 to 28c: breakfast bacon, iftst°4432cto; b4a4ecks, plain, 40 to 410; bone - Cured meats -long clear baron, 27 to 28c lb; (dear bellies, 261 to 27c. Lard -Pure lard. tierces, 20 to 290 tubs, 281 to 291c; pails, 29 to 291e compound, tierces, 24 to 94/e: tubs, 241 to 241e: pails, 241 to 241e. Montreal Markets Montreal, Dec. 11 -Oats -Canadian Western, .No. 3, 901c; extra No."1. feed. 908c; No. 2 local White, 85c; No. 3, do., 84es.„ FlourMani tan Spring wheat pateffts, fIrSts, 511; do., seconds, 511.10: strong bakers', $10.90; straight .rollers, bags. 55.20 to $5,25. Milifeed,-q3Pan, $35 to 337; shorts, 340 to 542; middling% 548 to 550; mouillie, 5'65 to 556. aay- No. 2, per ton, ear lots, $15.50. Cheese -Finest westerns, 21$c; easterns, 2110, Butter -Choicest Ceeamery, 43 to 431e: seconds, 42 to 423e, 16ggs-Fresh, 54 to 55c; selected, 44 to 45u: No. 1 stock. 40 to 41r: No. 2, do., 3S to 39r. Dressed hogs----Abattair-k(lled, 525 to $25.50; do., eountry, 524 to 524.50. Pork -Heavy Canada short mess, barrels. 35 muted. states Plarkots It is estimated that as much as a committees now organized. follows: sorted sizes. Glass, 1,01)0,000 lights or panes, as - W. J. Hanna, Food Controller, hag PORTUGUESE REBELS A despatch from Ottawa says: Hon. severe loss to the enemy. .s. 84:itiloin.8701 ts. Ds0, 11--norli-a'1*O'.. 3 741 to 751c. Flour-lInclutirgeiti, _pram yellow, $1.05 On ts-No. 3 w late. — ough glees to provide for the city's year will be required to furnish en - Putty, 50 tons. . sent a message to the bakers' carmen- OVERTHOW GOVERNMENT. Duluth, Dec, lie -Linseed- On track, tion in Toronto urging upon the dele- -- 52.331: to arrive, 53.261; -December. ,.' needs. Omitting altogether the Sashes, 18,000. Doors, 2,000; scantling: 250,000 b.m gates the necessity of considering by 'Madrid, Dec. 9.--A telegram re- 1%.12.34 "ke'l M"' 53.23.1' JulY. 53.211 1wrecked district, which eventually will what meane the consumption of wheat ceived here from Oporto says that the , I3oards (matched), 3,000,000 feei. be rebuilt, in that portion of the city, Wall board, 300,000 square feet. the distance of Europe from Argen- -- .in this country slight be reduced. He revolution in,Portugal has ended with ! still standing. there is scarcely a: ben. Roofing paper, 5,000 square feet. states in his message that owing to house in which the glass is intact." It is as if the whole city had been built, Nails, 1,000 kegs, 214, to 4 inches, tina and Australia the allies will be and all the glassing left for one job. Live Stook Markets the success of the revolutionaries, and I Toronto, Dec. 11-10xtra choice heavy that the Government has resigned. Dr. Affonso Costa, former Premier Stores are doing bueiness without, The above does not include any ma - daylight, as all windows are now terials which may be required for boarded up, and artificial light is used dwellings which have been completely by day and night, demoliehed„ nor for public buildings, Among the citizens still able to at- railway terminals, manufacturing, in- tend to business, bendaged heads and .dustrial buildings or walls. All de- ,sirous of forwarding material should hands are common sights, and for the most part, they think themselves communicate with Col. Robert e. Low, fortunate to have escaped that well, Chairman Reconstruction Cormnittee, Halifax Hotel, Halifax, so as to avoid overlapping. The battlefields of Europe do not furnish a parallel to the scenes wit- nessed at Halifax, says Duncan Grey, who • arrived in St. John on Friday. He was engaged in inspecting shells in a shed on the waterfront when the devastation began, and barely escap- ed before the building collapsed. This. is.his story: "A few seconds after the roar of the explosion a gust of wind swept through the shed and then down came. pillars, boards and beams, I rushed to the open and the si'ht that met my gaze was. theeworst-thatI hope ever to see- in this world. "I have been in the trenches in Orance. I have gone 'over the top,' Friends and comrades have been shot n my presence. I have seen scores f dead men lying upon the battlefield, ut the sight that greeted me yesters ay was a thousand times worse, and ar more pathetic. "I saw. people -lying around under imbers, stones and other debris; -e-, Dartmouth, N. S., Dec. 9. -This town, on the opposite shore to Halifax, caught the edge of the destructive blast from the munition ship Mont Blanc. A number of manufacturing plants were destroyed and several rows of houses blown down. The loss of life was one hundred and fifty. An appeal for $25,000,000 was made to the people of Canada by the May- ors of Halifax and Dartmouth to -day, and this figure is taken as represent- ing only a part of the material dam- age done by the explosion of the car- go of the Mont Blanc last Thursday. Sir Robert Borden announced that pending a full consideration of the needs of those who have suffered by the calamity the Dominion Govern- ment had made a preliminary appro- priation of $1,000,000 for immediate relief. The amount will be imme- diately at the disposal of the local relief committee. • dependent during the next three or four months on Canada and the Unit- ed States for wheat supplies, and every effort should be made to see that that need is met. steers, 511,50 to 512; do., good heavy-, 510.75 to 511.40; butchers' eattIe. 00°1(.5. 510,50 to $10.75: do„ good, $9,75 to $10; and Minister of Finance, has formed a (12.:15ineilium, 59 to 11-2e; do„ common. 5t._ to 58.25; buteherif bulls, choice. Provisional Government, including Dr. 53,5e i o $9.25; do., good bulls, $7.65 to Sidome Paes, formerly Portuguese Minister to Germany. It is reported that all is quiet in Lisbon and Oporto, BlITISH CAPTURE OLDEST TOWN !N THE WORLD, ANCIENT HEBRON Situated 20 Miles South-West .bf Jerusalem—Site of th e Tombs of Abraham and Other Patriarchs. A despatch from Lonclem says: ham, Isaac and Jacob, to which the General E. H. Allenby reports that he -20,000 Mussubrians and the 2,000 for- eigners alike do reverence, has occupied the town of Hebron, in One of the oldest towns in the Palestine, the British War Office offi- world, Hebron, in the days of Jose-- eially announces to -night. . phus, was believed to have existed for .Ancient Hebron, to -day called by 2,300 years. According to legends of the Arabian name El Khulil, is sits the Jewish and Samaritan writers, uated about 20 miles south-west of the "field of Damascus," near the Jerusalem, with approximately 15,000 town, is that stretch of red earth from inhabitants, Although the British a handful of which God created forces are nearer to Jerusalem on the Adam. west and the north-west, the taking There'is a grotto pointed out as the of Hebron is of interest because tra- place where Adam and Eve hid after clition identifies it as the site of the their expulsion :from Paradise -the farchs. It is a hill of shining white murdered by Cain. The Mussulinans tombs of .A.braham and other pa,- spot where they mourned for Abel, tri houses banked about a noble mosque, even mark the place, three miles to and set between hills rich with olive, the south-east, where the Murder oc- fig and pomegranite trees. In the curred, and have a tomb which they mosque is the reputesl-tomb of Abra- believe to be Cain's. 58; do., medium bulls, $7,10 to 57.35; du.. rough bulls, 55.25 to 50,24; butch- ers' Cows, choice, $8.75 to 59.25; do., good, 57,85 to $9.95: do,, medium, 36.85 to 57; stockers, 57.25 to 38.50; feeders. 59,25 to 510: canners and cutters, $5,15 to 55.50; milkers, good to choice, 555 to $135; do., coin. and med„ $75 to $90: Springers, 590 to 5130; light ewes, 512 to 514; sheep, heavy, 56 to 57,75; year- lings, 512.25 to $13.25; lambs, 517,35 to 518; calves, enol to choiee, 312 to $15.25 hogs, fed mid watered, 517.25 to $17,50 do., weighed off •cars, $1.7.50 to 517.75 do.. fob., 516.25 to 516,75. THREETHS1- 'FRU' TO ARCTIC Expedition Will Lettee Dawson Soon To Get Mails. A despatch from Dawson says: , A Canadian R.N.W.M.P, expedition is being formed here to leave Dawson about the first of the year for the Arc- tic coast. The party will go directly across the Rocky Mountains through Seely Pass to Fort McPherson, 500 miles, all in the wilderness, using dog teams: Corp. Richardson will have charge, with three other officers and Indian guides. making so the party. At Fort McPherson they will meet a patrol 'Mint Herschel Island, which turns 'back there, after exchanging mails. • The expedition will reach Dawson en the return trip in March, possibly 'winging advices from the Arctie expedition of Stefanesen and others,. warf the 111 in cape to m tests .s2v. art.R.1 of b ed plar and' frog wet' is d est see cen pia Cro the! a0 bee ernI 511 501 in an 5103 51;1 51 f is