HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1917-10-26, Page 3DOMESTIC SCIENCE AT HOME
Fifteenth Lesson—Rye, Graham and Health Breads.
Nature provided man with grains i bowl to rise for three hours, in a warm
containing valuable nutriment neces-, place, free from all drafts, about eigh-
sary to maintain life. Man, eraaving; ty degees Fahrenheit in temperature,
luxury, discovered a process of' milling Now mold into two loaves. Place In
or refining the meal which is made well -greased pans and return to place
from the grains, By grinding grain to rise for one hour. Bake in an oven
into white flour, which is a process of of 325 degrees Fahrenheit ,fof fifty
refining, much of the vital element is minutes. Remove from oven. Brush
the tops of bread with melted butter,
then lay on a rack to col.
Rye Bread
Two and one-half cupfuls of water,
two medium-sized potatoes. Peel the
potatoes then cut h thin slices and
renioveu.
The vitamins and mineral elements
so very necessary for human struc-
ture of teeth and bones and bodily wel-
fare are lost.
The human body requires sixteen
elements for its daily well-being. boil until soft. Rub through fine sieve.
These elements are found in mother Now cool to eighty degrees Fah -
nature, the earth, thee -rains and the renheit. This amount should measure
vegetables. The loss of any one of two cupfuls. Place in a bowl and add:
these plays havoc with the body; by , two tablespoonfuls of sugar, two tea -
discarding several more, their loss is , spoonfuls of salt, two tablespoonfuls
plainly seen. i of metled shortening, one yeast cake,
Now is the acceptable time to return! two cupfuls of white flour, one and
to the foods of our granddads, name one-half cupfuls of cornmeal. Place
ly, to eat whole meals. Bread made the ingredients in bowl in the order
from whole wheat forms an ideal ra- given. Beat well, to mix. Set sponge
tion; it furnishes protein,carbohy-to rise for one and a half hours in a
drates some fats ad mieral salplace about eighty degrees Fahren-
and a'portion of the bulk that ha an heit. Then add three cupfuls of rye
exceedingly good effe*, upon the lutes- flour. Knead well for fifteen minutes.
Return to place and let rise for two
tines. hee absorbent qaulities of whole ' hours. Mold into loaves and let rise
wheat make it necessary to lessen the for forty-five minutes. Bake in a
floun,.when making bread.moderate oven for fifty minutes.
Rye ,flour contains slightly less': Caraway seeds may be added if desir-
gluten than wheat flour; this• gluten
is of a tough character. A portion of
wheat flour is necessary to produce
ed
Gluten Bread
One cupful of water eighty de -
a good loaf. In many parts of Europe grees Fahrenheit, one tablespoonful of
. it is the necessary staff of life, and is' sugar, one teaspoonful of salt, one -
known as black bread. In the old half of yeast cake. Mix in the order
country the bread is frequently baked given. Crumble in the yeast cake and
in batches sufficiently large enough to add sufficient gluten flour to form a
last a family from six to eight or from thick batter that will drop from the
eight to ten weeks. !spoon. Brit well for ten minutes,
Graham flour is flour made from'' then set tf� place of eighty degrees
whole wheat. The outer coat and some Fahrenheit for one and one-half hours.
of the bran are removed. It finds Beat for five minutes with spoon. Pour
favor with many persons who dislike in well -greased pans. Set to rise for
entire wheat bread. one and one-quarter hours. Bake in
Gluten bread is made from whole- hot oven, 350 decrees Fahrenheit, for
wheat flour. The starch is removed forty minutes, reducing the heat to
by. washing. The residue is then 300 degrees during the last twenty mi -
dried and it is finally prepared into
flour. It is used in special cases of
• diabetes, kidney, liver and intestinal
troubles.
Whole -Wheat Bread
o cups of water, one tablespoon
if sugar, one teaspoonfuls of salt,
ablespoonfuls of shortening, one
cake, five cupfuls of whole -
lour. . Dissolve the sugar and
ng in boiling water. Cool to
Agrees Fahrenheit, then add
east cake and floor. Knead
nu es.
Milk may be used in place of water
in the above recipes.
In northern. Europe barley flour is
used in making bread. Try using one
and one-half cupfuls of barley flour in
place of all -white flour. The bread has
a delicious nutty flavor and is parti-
cularity healthful bread for children.
If unable to obtain the barley flo>;r or
meal, use the cream of barley cereal;.
first cook it into. a stiff mush. Add
two . cupfuls . of this to the ;bread
minutes Put in greased.. sponge,
•
ow To Save The Fats. would be a wholesome economy and a
sen now on the menu.will require scientific advancement to prepare all
care and forethought to have it cream sauces without the use of but -
e seely balanced, if one is to keep ter.
tan ej ex eeces and eliminate waste. In order to thoroughly explain this
p ,
method,. it will first be necessary to
ee '"Fats, at this season of the year, are classify eream sauces as follows:
pay' among the most valuable food units. Thin cream sauce, such as is used in
..e"" They furnish heat and energy to the
cream soups, purees, au gratins, etc.
body. But fats are also scarce in the Medium cream sauce, such as is used
•inarkets and cost the housewife a pro- for vegetables, fancy sauces, ets.
portionally high price. Heavy cream sauce, such as is used
Ways to Utilize for molds, cutlets, etc.
Carefully trim off all pieces of fat The Proportions
It should not be necessary for the
housewife to tarn to a cook book or a
chopper. Place, in a saucepan con-
taining sufficient cold water to cover
and cook slowly until the fat, when
pressed hi a sieve, will yield no mois-
ture. Strain and stand the liquid
aside to cool. When cold remove the
cake of hard white fat on top. This
fat may be used in place of butter for
cake and cooky making and also for
that accompany meat. Cut fat into
small pieces or put•it through the food
recipe each time that she wishes to
prepare a sauce, if she will place this
recipe on her kitchen cabinet door,
next to the flour bin.
One and one-half level tablespoon-
fuls of flour for thin cream sauce:
Two and one-half level teaspoonfuls
of flour for medium cream sauce.
Five level tablespoonfuls of flour
frying. Beef fat may be combined for heavy cream sauce.
with other fats in proportion of one
'to each half-pint cupful of milk or
part of beef fat to one part each of
mutton and pork. Melt it and then
strain. This .Jan be used for iry-
ing, etc.
Do not waste a single bit of fat.
Personally oversee the food before it is
stored away. Remove all the surplus
water.
How to Prepare the Sauce
Use a saucepan that is absolutely
clean for making sauces. The outside
of the pan is as important as is the in-
side, for if heat or scorch marks are
fat. Persistently dram all fat from apparent on the outer surface of the
the pans used for sauteing (frying). ! pan this will have a tendency to
Use a spatula to remove it as much • scorch the milk, when large quantities
as possible.
Set aside the saucepan and kettle
containing the water in which meats
were cooked. Let the water cool and
then remove all the fat. Clarify it by
placing it in. a saucepan containing an
equal amount of water and one-quar-
ter teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda.
Let this come to a boil. Boil for five
minutes and then strain and cook.
Lift the cake of fat from the water
and"put it in a cool place until needed.
This fat may be used for pastry, cook-
ies and frying.
Eliminate the use -of butter in sauce.
Butter is a fat that is not suitable
for cooking purposes. This is because
the butter, when heated to a tempera-
ture that will cook food,' burns, thus
setting up a decomposition in the fatty
particles, which' -renders it unfit for
food purposes, and if it is used it will
frequently products intestinal disturb-
ances.
Butter is not necessary in the mak-
ing of sauces, In July, 1914 the Culin-
ary Society of Paris decided that it
SEIl'PI]`NG VEGETABLE SEEDS.
Southern California to Furnish. Allies
With Garden Varieties.
For the first time inhistory, the
United States is sending vegetable
seeds abroad. Speeding' across the
continent -hound for "Somewhere in
France"—is a carload of embryonic
Southern California products, the first
installment of 500 tons that will be
sent to, the allies to aid them in feed-
are cooked.
Place the flour and cold milk in the
saucepan and now take a wire beater
or egg whip and beat the milk and
flour smooth. Place on the fire and.
bring quickly to the boiling point, beat-
ing hard all the time that the sauce
is cooking. Cook for three minutes
after the boiling point is reached at a
very low temperature; that is, if using
the gas, turn it off and let the sauce
cook on the hot burner for this length
of time.
Now the constant beating has blend-
ed the flour and milk into a rich
-creamy, sauce that would be impossible
to obtain under the old method of us-
ing butter, flour and milk, and then
just stirring it until rooked. Remem-
ber that the secret is the constant
beating.
Try this method and eliminate all
the fats from sauces and gravies. By
this you' are doing your bit in helping
to conserve the food element, which is
important to our nation as are our
soldiers, our sailors and our guns.
ing themselves.
The seeds sentare endive, radish,
carrot, lettuce, tomato and other gar-
den varieties. It is estimated that the
initial carload will plant from 50,000.
to 00,000 acres of truck. If the en-
tire tonnage reaches Europe safely, it.
means that nearly 1;000,000 acres may
be planted for which otherwise there
would be no seed. It is expected that.
California will keep up indefinitely the
sending of vegetable seeds to tho
allies,
some day by an imitation of
13 414
and possibly yogi will not detect this imitation until,
the tee, -pot reveals it. Demand always the genuine
"Salada' i in the sealed alum;hiurril packet, and seer
that you get 4if you want that unique flavour of
2rcwbi ., clean reaves properly prepared and packed.
The Tale of a Tin of Tea.
There were all sorts of folks on the
shelf—"though we don't expect to be
here long," they hastily assured • all
newcomers. And, indeed, they were
constantly shifting, and as they never
knew at what minute they. would be
called, every hour or so with great -
ceremony they took leave of each
other.
"If I can just come out in a glass
dish I'll be happy; you know the set-
ting is so important!" fluttered a glass
of strawberry jam to a bottle of sweet
pickles towering above her. "I am
sure, my dear. I hope that. you may,"
remarked the pickles condescendingly.
"Now, what worries me is the com-
pany. Everything depends upon the
company in which I am served. In-
deed, my career can be ruined by an
inexperienced housewife!"
"Same here!" grunted a can of
beans irritably. "Any number .of
things may happen to me. I may be
burned nice prospect, being burned
—or I may be served in a cold dish!"
All the other canned goods shivered
in sympathy. "There is nothing worse
than being served'up cold; no chance
at all in that case," mumbled a maca-
roni can dismally. "But why think of
such unpleasant things?" queried .a
tin of tea that stood off byj$ el+;"`n?
"the corner. - —Are' 3' to eili lust as 'Fee-
ly to come out in fine style?" - "There
she goes again!" said the chili sauce
coldly. "Always preaching!" -
"You're talking through your lid!"
snapped the chow -chow. . "But then
what could we except of one who has
been so long on the shelf. What do
you know of the world?" "Very of-
ficious if any one should ask me, cor-
recting your betters!" The last re-
mark was made by a can of vegetable
soup. "What value have you?" he
asked sternly.
"None whatever!" he answered his
own question. "And, moreover, you
are the cause of a great deal of gossip
and time wasting," he added right-
eously. . "You have—" What ever
else he had to say was lost, for at that
minute the grocer's boy ran nimbly up
the ladder and seizing the can, snatch-
ed him off in the middle of his speech,
which threw the whole company in
such a flutter that they began saying
good -by upon the spot. All except
the little tin of tea. It withdrew fur-
ther than ever into the corner and
thought sadly of its future. It had been
told so many times that it had no food
value and was only a means of wast -
ing time and fuel that it had come to
believe it.
"Never mind," whispered the straw-
berry jam. "I've often heard that tea
was comforting! Don't mind the soup;
he has too much red pepper in his
make-up!"
`'here is always one in a company
whe must stand the ill humor of the
rest, and as the tea was too polite to
argue and too good-natured to resent
the insulting remarks of the grocery
people, it had rather become the fash-
ion on the shelf to slight her. "Will
no one every buy nee?" sighed the
poor tin to herself. "Will I never get
out into the world?" And one morn-
ing, in the midst of a bitter argument
between the chow -chow and chili sauce
as to how many people had been into
the shop, the tin of tea was reached
for. What consternation among the
shelf folk. They imagined she would
be the last to go; for why should tea
be preferred to solid nourishment?
Why, indeed?
As for the - tea, she was so glad to
be off that she • almost burst out of
the tin. "The very thing!" murmur-
ed a kind voice, picking her out of the
basket. "I'll send it off by this post!"
"Dost?" thrilled the little tin of tea.
Then sheeewas to travel! And travel
-IV did ,- neat brown paper wrap.
rrrlsa. _,tr
7i Sr/',,l, are going Po . eene'e
WORDS OF WISDOM.
Meet this day manfully. Itwillhelp
you to be a better man for the mor
row,
An error isn't a sin until made the
second time.
The man that everybody likes, gen.-
erally_likes everybody.
The neighbor who returns borrowed
tools at the time , • specified can be
trusted. Lend to him even unto the
seventh time.
A man with his heart in his work is
not concerned about obstacles. He.
overcomes them.
There is a wide difference between
the politician hunting a job and one
hunting work.
This is a good time to place an em-
bargo upon the tongue. The tempta-
tion to say too much is sometimes ir-
resistible.
When building a new house or re-
modeling an old one, lee sure to have
the living -room the sunniest one of
them all. • This will help to make it
what every living -room should be—
the best room in the house.
Haven't you a good many times
tried hard to think what that good
thought was you had away out in the
back lot, and couldn't to save your
life? That's why it would be a good
thing to take a slip of paper and pen-
cil along wherever you go. Write it
down. Then it won't get away from
you.
Heaven is large and affords space
for all modes of love and fortitude.
Why should we be busybodies and
superserviceable? Action and inac-
tion are alike to the true. One piece
of the tree is cut for a -weathercock
and one for the sleeper of a bridge;
the virtue of the wood is apparent in
both.
Much ' of the backache from which
very many housewives suffer, might
be avoided if women would sit down
while doing some of their kitchen
work. One of the kitchen stools which
are made for that purpose, makes this
easily possible, as they are of the
right size and height to use at most
kitchen takes. An old piano stool is
better still, as it is adjustable.
The boys whose mothers inculcate
the good old-fashioned rule "girls
first," are those who make courteous,
well-mannered men. If they are
taught at home to wait on their sis-
ters and be polite to them, it will not
be a painful, awkward effort to be
gracefully polite and deferential to
other girls and women. Good man-
ners count for more than good looks
in making friends.
Woman is to -day entering on a new
era,- 11-0£-prnmi.er. . -T1,e ,vorrtr`"'ls-
willing now to give her a chance to
show what she can do, because it
needs -her help. The eager but effi-
cient aid she gives to the Red Cross,
her thoughtful provision for the needs
of our soldiers and the valuable in-
dustrial work she is doing, show that
she can be depended upon for her full
share of help when she is granted full-
er opportunities for service. Each day
there are more opportunities arising
for women to organize and -Ay are
daily finding, that in union there is
power.
GAY HALLOWE'EN.
.t'il't It � L Via ong, "Mg iournoy .aaad.
would take 'a long, long time to tell
you of, so let us skip to the journey's
ending -that far country of war.
'What a noisy place!" thought the
tin of tea as it came out of its wrap-
ping. "What—" What the little tin
was thinking will never be known, for
such a roar went up that thoughts of
every kind were drowned. "Tea!"
shrilled a score of voices.
"If I were only of food value," flut-
tered the tea as it fell head over heels
into the big bent tin pot. "Those
poor boys—if I could only help them!"
Scarcely waiting for the steam to rise,
a dozen brown hands filled their cups.
Drinking off the scalding liquid, they
joked and smiled. Many of them
thought of home. And well that they
hurried, for next instant came a
quick command. Out over the top of
the trenches they swept to victory.
"'Twas the tea that put heart into
us!" chuckled one of them that even.-
ing as' all of them moved their duds to
the captured trench. The tin, bent
and broken by the rush of many feet,
the tea leaves scattered among the
ashes of a dead fire, heard and rejoic-
ed. She had served her turn.
THE INDIANS' WIRELESS.
Tribes of the Amazon Valley Had Ap-
paratus in 1898.
In these days of wireless telegraphy
it may be interesting to learn that
as long ago as July, 1898, says the
Electrical Experimenter, there was
recorded the discovery of a wireless
telegraphic apparatus in use among
the Catuquinaru, an Indian tribe of
the Amazon valley in South America,
The apparatus, called cambarysu,
consists of a hole in the ground about
half filled with coarse sand; above
this layers of fine sand, fragments of
wood and bone and powdered mica
fill it almost to the surface sof the
ground. These materials are sur-
rounded by a case of hard palm
wood, which extends above the sur-
face. The upper part of the appara-
tus consists of layers of hide, wood
and hard rubber.
Between the upper layers and the
lower layers there is a hollow space.
With a club, munch like the stick used
to play the bass `�druni, the native
strikes the layer of rubber that forms
the top oe the instrument.
One of these instruments is con-
cealed in each, hamlet of the tribe.
The villages are not more than a
mile apart, and are placed in a direct
north arid south, line. Although a
person standing outside the building
in which the apparatus is kept can-
not Mar a blow of the stick on the
rubber top, it is quite distinct in a
similar building a mile distant.
When one of these instruments is
struck, the neighboring ones to the
north and south echo the blow. The
Indian stationed at each end of the
posts answers the signal.
UNCONQUERED.
Do they die who march away ?
Father, brother, husband, son;
Nay, and ever, ever nay;
Their march is but begun.
On FIemish fields, where blood flows
fast,
Yea, faster than our tears,
Their bodies lie, their souls gone past
The swift march of the years.
With eager hearts they wait for us,
A mighty, jubilant throng;
Our men, o'er death victorious,
. Of healing peace their song,
Do they die who march away ?
rather, brother, husband, son;
Nay, and ever, ever nay;
Their march is but begun.
--Clare Donnelly.
Keep the habit of effort alive by a
little gratuitous exorcise every day.
So that a smoker can see' what is
occurring behind him an English in-
ventor has patented a pipe with small
mirrors on the bowl.
"Army of the Interior."
Each human life is guarded by a
host of soldiers within the body.
Largely upon the efficiency of, these
soldiersdepends the survival of that
community of living cells which the
body represents. When enemy bacteria
attempt an invasion, these little sol-
diers, the white corpuscles in tho
blood, quickly appear upon the scene
and give battle.
If the enemy is powerful, like the
germ that causes pneumonia,; then
regiment upon regiment of thousands
and millions of new soldiers are
launched into the blood stream, by way
of which they proceed to the scene of -
action. The number of white corp-
uscles in a drop of blood may increase,
in a case of pneumonia, from the nor-
mal count of 250,000 and 350,000 to
500,000 or 1,000,000 and even to 3;-
500,000. Thus the battle is success-
fully waged.
Examinations of the blood, taken
as a matter of periodic protection,
sometimes reveal so high a percent-
age of white corpuscles as to indicate
some hidden infection, which must be
searched out. In obscure cases of
appendicitis, for instance, the blood
count is a helpful diagnostic measure.
A curious thing about the white
blood corpuscles that float or swim
in the blood plasma is that whenneed
arises they can migrate through the.
wall or tube that incloses the blood
and thus reach the enemy that is
trying to make an entrance into the
system. The red corpuscles in the
blood have no such power to migrate.
.Besides the soldiers among them,
who attend to the business of de-
f stroying the live enemy, there are
white corpuscles whose duties seem to
correspond to the engineers and the
Red Cross workers. When a wound
occurs the blood clots, and out of the
material of which the clot is made
arise the white corpuscles, which set
about the work of repairing and heal-
ing the flesh. _
The principal thing we need to
know about this "army of the inte-
rior" and its engineers and Red Cross
workers is that their fighting an'
working capacities may be grea
lessened by things we do ourselves,;
They become weakened if we o
work, or over or under eat, or w
or smoke too much, or use alcohol
one for the surgeon, who calls u
the utmost capacities of the 1�
white soldiers to aid him in repair
the wounds which he must inflict,
.A person will take cold from sitter
in a draft (a cold is a germ disease.,
at one time and not do so under simi-
lar circumstances at another time. In
one case the soldiers were on the job
with full strength; in the other case
their power had been lessened by
some stress from which the body had •
not fully recovered.
Protect the little white soldiers and
they will protect you.
PROTECT CROP S AVERS.
Among the wigwam shocks of corn,
I met the crisp October morn.
With pumpkins high I piled my load
And thought of children as I rode.
I saw instead of yellow piles,
A wagon -load of saw -tooth smiles,
With glowing eyes and fearsome flare,
And candles gleaming everywhere,
I saw a laughing, motley crowd,
With Jacks held high and shouting
loud.
I heard the calls of girls and boys,
And smiled at tlgought of coming joys.
The jolliest crop of all the year,—
Gay Hallowe'en at last is here!
"On God, and godlike men, we build
our trust."
HIGHEST PRICES MD
For POULTRY, GAME,
EGGS et FEATHERS
Please Write for particulars.
P. ro usam & co.,
39 Bonseaoure market, Montreal
flOW TO
The largest fur house in
the world needs your furs,
We pall cash., Write for
our new rico est on Rec.
coon, Muskrat Skunk,Opos•
sum, Fox an other, Furs.
Trappers sen us their furs
year after year because they
u,4 ; get Wore inority and a square
deal. our new boot@ Will tell
you ho to tri shows the dif-
ferent furs in, beautiful, natural
colors — gives the game laws'
or
ricesit ontoday—FRE steel tris, smokers, etc i Senc
FQOFNEYE'N SOROS, a co.
256 5urg cn iuildhsg • Sit. Lords,
Our Insectivorous Birds Should Not
Be Slaughtered.
On September 10, scare heads in
the newspapers announced that frost
had caused damage in the United
States to the extent,of probably $50,-
000,000, the grain markets became ex-
cited, and prices advanced. Why?
Because it was unusual.
Every year in the United States,
$800,000,000 loss occurs through the
depredations of insects. This is a
conservative estimate, made by ex-
perts. Such an announcement, how-
ever, creates no interest either in the
grain market or newspapers. Canada
suffers proportionately. It is but an-
other of the enormous wastes which
we are content to put up with, as we
do with the heavy fire waste, and feel
that, with our bountiful harvests and
rich natural resources, we can afford
to be extravagant.
If some means existed to overcome
early frosts, no time would be lost in
putting them into effect. Not so,
however, with the continued loss by
insects. Our insectivorous birds, far
from receiving protection, have been
promiscuously and continuously
slaughtered, to the detriment of our
field crops.
Canada and the United States have
recently passed enabling acts giving
effect to the Migratory Bird Treaty
for the protection of insectivorous
birds. To many this protection is
looked upon as a curtaihnent of lib-
erty. In reality, however, it is
means of putting money into each
citizen's pocket, and everyone, both by
example and influence, should do
everything possible to protect our
feathered friends.
Danish cattle holdings are about the
same as at the beginning of the war,
but the number of hogs in Denmark
in February was less thee 2,000,000, a
decrease of nearly 21 per cent,