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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1917-10-12, Page 3DOMESTIC ,SCIENCE AT FI®ME Thirteenth Lesson ---Bread. tits bread `must When making bread use a thermo- faster than the other), meter and scalefor accuracy, so that be moved or turned. while is known, it is a very easy matter to withold,pne or two tablespoonfuls of flour or to add the sante amount. The yeast joust be fresh. 13y this is meant that it roust have good color, a pleasant yeasty odor and be firm to, the touch. The eompressed yeast is the best kind. to use, Brush the top of the loaves of bread, when taken from the oven, with melt- - butter. Place a pan of boiling water on :the floor of the gas oven while the bread is baking. Use a thermometer first, last and al- ways. Don't guess at your work. Know what you are doing. This is the baker's greatest tool: Be takes no chances; he knows, and in knowing lies the secret of his success- Any thermometer will do that will register from the freezing point to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, -when preparing •the bread, but. do not use this thermometer in the oven. A regular oven thermometer can be purchased at a very reasonable. price.: It will save its -cost in three months. The assurance that the oven temperature is. of the right . degree conveys to you a' peace of mind that is abgve money value. yeti will have a positive knowledge of Remember that n file the oven., re- y yougisters a high degree of heat if you flow and what are"doing. Pltoderng$ inventors• have made it possible for were to place a thermometer in the bakerto manufacture bread of a Centex of the loaf of bread you would the ba nearly fifteen mi uniform quality, find that it requirest3learlch the center The housewife's lack of knowledge sites for the heat of this .most important part of the of the dough to heat it to the boiling home cooking has resulted in the nu- point or 212 degrees -Fahrenheit, For menus large baking plants that area this reason sufficient ;time must be feature of all large cities, Theory , given after the bread is well colored has caused many failures; few women for the interior of the bread to be really. understand the . underlying well baked. principles of fermentation. I The time allowance' should be from re History probably the that ator Egypptians , thirty-five to forty minutes for fined Thepl owing ab e i ustrarei the Sbreas_d. lium-sized loaves, weighing about six - The -following fable illustrates till- converting' teen to eighteen ounces before baking; grain of the method of from forty to sixty Benites to twenty-six oes Brain into bread. {weighing from igllt, The story goes that a slave, while' grinding the grain one clay between r ounces. two stones; slsudden shoer wet th' ave fled f om the stor ne . bread render and tos sneutralizis ued to e the acid ke the me. The s forgetting in his haste about the 'ineal.' in the flour; it also furnishes fat to When the storm was over and the sun' the food value of the bread. had come out he returned to his grind -1 Two methodsare employed for the past twenty-five years, the best brains of the world --the greatest mathema- ticians, the greatest ehenists, no less I the greatest masters of applied 'r science—have been engaged in a world -struggle, in which each • great; power has' sought to outdo the others In what might be termed "destructive efficiency," Great Britain, for •years, maintained the policy of laying down two ships to Germany's one, and her superiority at sea is complete. To maintain the ascendency at sea is a great problem at the present time, since the menace hidden in torpedo or mine is a potential disaster. If a 'mine explodes beneath a ship, there is little chance that she will 'remain afloat as a fighting unit. To have to move much in mined waters, or to be continually exposed to submarines, im- poses a strain on officers and men that can be easily understood. It is generally believed to be part of Ger- many's war policy to wear down Brit- ish numerical superiority at sea by mines and torpedoes, that the German high -seas fleet will at last be in a position to meet the British fleet in actual battle for raea supremacy, but after two years the British Navy is stronger than when she first faced the issue at the outbreak of the war. The silent vigil of the British fleet in the North Sea has saved all Europe, and France particularly pays a generous tribute to the sea -power of Great Britain. Huge Floating Forts. When the great .battle fleet assem- bled at Spithead in July, 1914, at' a tune when, though few of us realized d it, the war clouds were already gather- ing, and the chancellories of seven or eight capitals were filled with doubts and fears this great fleet, more for- midable than any ever seen before, was visited by thousands upon thou- sands of sightseers, not only from the far inland towns of Britain, but of the very heart of Central Europe. The thing about the great armada: that im- pressed most were the guns, which ex- ercised a wonderful fascination. It was so wonderful that out of the sim- ple -looking tubes that bristled on the super -Dreadnoughts, could issue mis- siles that would travel accurately for. twenty miles or more, or at half that distance send to the bottom the mightiest ship afloat. The modern battleship like the Iron Duke or Queen Elizabeth, is simply a huge floating fort. She is designed for the purpose of hurling at .the enemy as great a weight of armor -piercing shells as possible—the result of naval battles depending almost. altogether on the a k' of bread. Ing. He found that the sodden mass making that was the grain_ before the storm{ First, the sponge method.batter. The is bad come was now -a dry hard on of -un -:mixture e.' s sfor a et toeof r seland then the his was the first. product re- vened bread. i mainder of the flour, salt and shorten odern breadmaking dates back • ing is addedxi The dough is After then work- om the Romans, nd deEgyptian caed the pt ed for -' is allowed to rise for the second time. om theirGreek ando ans stn p iven a gives of war.. Historians state that, Now it is molded into loaves, g " the Romans made unleavened bread in short proof i Second, ande straighten baked. ked. method. L' In ma y portionscn the Old' World , In using this method the salt, lt redo ten- finis style of bread is still made. In ing, sugar and flour are th is country unleavened bread is made lthe, liquid be workedsinto Without istickingf to biscuits and crackers some thes. This method quicker, ted beaten biscuit. air t dependsbatbecati se it o the is possible to have te bread inn the amount of that is beaten incorporated into the dough to give h d 'n about four atal three-quar- PROBLEM TIE WORLD'S A finis e r ters hours. This method gives very satisfactory results. Milk, part water and part milk, of all water may be used in making bead. One medium-sized potato may be added when the water is used. Milk increases the food value of the bread. The milk must always be scalded and cooled before using. The Sponge Method. Sift the flour and then set it in a place Where it will have a temperaature e of, 80 degrees. Now to prepe ieesponge. Heat the utensil in, which the sponge is to be•.made by filling it. ester stand it its lightness. Flour. A knowledge of flour is necessary, for successful baking. There are two distinct" kinds. One is known as spring and the -other as winter wheat. Spring wheat flour contains the larg- est percentage of gluten. This spring wheat is ground into two distiuctr varieties, known as soft spring wheat, and hard spring wheat. --Winter wheat is divided into two varieties similar to that 'of the spring wheat flour, namely, red winter flour, which is the hard winter wheat flour, thesoft winter wheat flour, The and THE BRITISH NAVY' HOLDS THE KEY TO ITS SOLUTION. Her Ships Night in Patrol the Seas'Day and Ceaseless Vigil and Main- tain Empire's Supremacy. IIGHEST PRICES PAW For F01,GAME, 11 -TRY, es FEATHERS as 'l''lease write for narticulars. 7:" Ptbll'lCan .82 C8., Bonseooure ?ixar3et, Montreal, ....�,RYJ'+1Y.NIHMN�•TR.✓re'ar�` Ir�'M!4 4 C� g k3 O '1� a By E. E. Bywater, Editor, 1/Paimerston Spectator." Great Britain depends mainly upon her fleet for her existence. -Over the sea in calm majesty lies the proud' is- lands, whose Empire is stronger and vaster than any coalition of other states, and whose web encompasses the whole world within her domixlions, for she possesses the resources of all continents. There ,is no part of the world that she has not established her garrisons or her colonies, and het un- rivalled fleet dominates'every sea. Ever since the days of Queen Eliza- beth, when the great Spanish Armada was destroyed by British sea power, she has been the controlling genius of the world, scattering the fleet of Na-, poleon, who grasped for world power (like, the German Kaiser at the s pre- sent time), and forever destroy• g hopes . of world-viide empire. "To with hot water. Let the, -awed flour contains a large per- in the. utensil until it is heated thor- last n�,il it is h11e a: ed t and. ceitay of starch. it is used fox I _ _ pastry and cakes. • ••• To get,.successful results the flour - must be blended. The fancy patent flours that are on the market are es- pecially prepared for all-around family bakm.; puipos s. Pastry floor; or soft winter wheat flour, will not make good bread, ow- sugar an ing fl the low percentage oe of stored in a' Cover and set in place free fromall The flour shvuld be kept or for one and room that averages about 70 degrees' draft -add six cupfuls. of flourlff oneoursand Fahrenheit and in a container that ,The may be keptla strong odor. For; and taro tease onfulstablespoonfulof sale.. shortening foods that have successful.. z crusts the home baker ' the dough ead in a greased bowl; nowiturn ut must have:, Good flour of a reliable brand. {arid over. reven This formng aecrunstdwhiile fm" dry the vessel. Then place in a bowl three cupfuls of liquid, testing it with athermo- meteremos to see if it is exactly 80 Fahrenheit. Crumble in the yeast cake and add two tablespoonfuls of d three cupfuls of sifted flour. ,Good, active fermentation. 'Yeast food. he proper amount of salt. he proppe The proper manipulation. ' The proper baking. When starting to make bread select bake the loaves in an oven registering degrees ,.reliable brand of flour. Store it in 325le rees Fahrenheit for forty-five proper container iii a place that has inutes. m he right temperature. Sift the flour Use a scale when ready to mold the efore using. The use of compressed loaves. Weigh twenty ounces to each east eliminates all doubt and unser- loaf. Divide the balance of the dough ainty of the old style liquid and dry into rolls, weighing two ounces each. east.This recipe will make two loaves of For successful results it is necessary bread, weighing, after baking, about to supplyr the yeast with a. food for seventeen and one-half ounces apiece, active development. This food is not and ten rolls. -found in the flour, therefore it must Straight Dough Method. be supplied: The- food necessary for Two cupfuls f h degrees the active development of the yeast is sugar. Sugar supplies the carbon Fahrenheit, one and one-half table - which is a necessary principle of the spoonfuls of sugar, one and one-half process of fermentation. tablespoonfuls of shortening, one and Salt is added to onls of slt. Mix 1wreaethbread well.r two Crurnba ef � n one y astacake, stir first rising. `Cover and let rise hours. in well Mold into loaves, place greased pan, and set away to rise for hour. At the end of this time " said Napoleon "God has comma Ever• •ht' of metal and the accuracy of r. - me , ted' the mater of the land; to Eng-, :the range. An engagement of mode• rn land, the mastery of the sea." "Keys to the Nations." In Holy Writ it ishwritten Israel in the last days "will possess the gates 3, points of her enemies (the strategic , of the world). According to Anglo - Israel theories advanced by the late Prof. Totten of Yale University, Rev. Dr. Poole and others, no other nation but our own can possibly measure up to the claim. 'The word "gate" is from the Hebrew Word "Shave," which according to the most noted Hebrew writers means "the place of entrance." Rev. Dr. Poole, in his annotations, says, "The gates means the fortified places of a nation." Morse, in his geography, calls them "the keys to the nations." Great Britain, through her sea -power, holds all the important "gates" of the world, and without this power all Europe would to -day be at the feet of the Kaiser, humiliated and broken. The following strategic "ocean gates" give our Empire world dominion: The Channel Islands, Gib- raltar, Malta, Cyprus, Acre, Suez Canal, Aden, Babel-Mandeb, Perim., vub, Sxortra, Bombay, Madras, Rangoon, Calcutta, Burmah $flnan o, Singapore, Malacca, Egypt, Hong -Kong, Australia, New Zealand, the' Falkland Islands, Fiji Islands, Mauritius Island, Africa, Sierra Leone, Cape Colony, St. Helena, Ascension, Tasmania, Jamaica, Bahamas, Ber- muda, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland Islands, Quebec, and numerous other Empire gates.. Without the British fleet, a world-wide Empire was an utter impossibility. The fleet has given us wealth, honor ands power without the cost of maintaining a huge and costly army. It was for the purpose of wresting supremacy and possessing the "ocean gateways"of the world, that Germany has chal- lenged Great Britain, and as a result half of the 'world is now locked in a deadly struggle. No citizen et the British Empire can fail to have his patriotic pulse stirred with pride, when he contemplates his citizenship, for we • are subjects of an Empire, which dwarfs into insignificance, that of Rome ii its palmiest days—ann Empire upon'which the seal of Div e approval has been signally placed l i Empire witli"which the highest "de t the ages are fraught—an Em- pireof into. whose keeping God has com- mitted the "gates" of the earth, the lamp of her faith kindled at the apos- tolic altars burns as a beacon to all mankind. Superiority of Great Britain. Great Britain, from the wooden ships , of Nelson's day, has kept pace with the world's progress, and for the purposes— , and make it palatable, and also to supply one of the mineral elements es- sentialto the human body. Second, to control the process of fermentation. If too little salt is used the bread will lack flavor andbe toof o much oarse,s rough texture,tiowhiletif yeast will be retarded e action of the and the breed will show a loss. of Volume Temperature iq the controlling Tac - for in successful bread -making. room in which the bread is made must be free from all .drafts. The proper temperature is 78 degrees Fahrenheit summer. 80 paliie. winter, Us8 athemomr and eliminate the guesswork. By this is meantthat the dough must be worked sufficiently an lro rIfolling a paid kneahng, if mc a y breadrnixer is used the br time must be as per Worked for the period wtth the ma- Chine. ar instructions as supplied for hand manipulation is front Time fan fteen to twenty Minutesng th©m five o ten minutes when Baking. battleships, such as occurred North Sema few montlis ago, between Great Britain and Germany, which sent the German fleet into hiding, is the most terrible inferno that the mind can conceive. It is the most nerve- racking experience'that men can en- dure, and on their powers depend the ultimate issue of battle. We trusted entirely to British naval science • in marine artillery, and the high quality of British seamanship, and the victory was ours. until dissolved; now add six cupfuls of flour. Work to dough and then knead well for fifteen minutes. It must now be smooth and elastic. Put in a greased bowl and set to rise in a place free from all drafts, with a tem- perattnre of 80 degrees. Fohrenheit for three hours. -At the end of this time mold into two loaves. Put in greased pans and let rise again for fifty•lniliutes. , Now, bake in an oven of 825 degrees Fahrenheit for thirty- five minutes. This amount of dough makes two loaves of bread, that will average about fourteen ounces apiece, or one loaf and eight rolls, weighing two mined each. The baking of the bread will eqrequire ' are, It must not be placed then von of uncertain temperature, he door elosedan the breadleftt3ftt 'I!he. oven should register 5 1 gr grecs Fahrenaleit when, the bread is traced in it. The bread should be Watched carefully and if the heat of the overt is, not evenly distributed (that is, if one part of the break bakes Points to Remember. Ilse good flour. Sift ;he flour. ' Scald and cool all milk or water used in making bread The temperature for success must be '78 degrees in summer and 80 de- grees in winter; also the room must be free from all drafts, Thorough manipulation. Follow the recipe closely, Remem- ber thatos ble tott must be gauge the aceurate is impgiven amount amount of flour to any of liquor, Flours vary nn the amount of moisture they absorb; for this teas son tt easily will be seen" that one brand of flour will require a littIe more or a little less moisture than another. When the amount of liquid keeps your buildings from the costly. patched -up class. Not only ends those constant repairs thatgrow worse year by year, but retains .f or generations their value when first erected. Don'twaituntil your buildings have cost you twice their value in repairs. Pedlarize 'now with Pedlar'a Corrugated Iron Siding. " Easily and quickly put on. Booklet free. Write! THE PEDLAR PEOPLE LIMITED (Established 1581) EEeco the Office & Factories: OSHAWA, ONT. Branches: Montreal, Ottawas Toronto, London Winnipeg aahiesseiee Neuralgia. Neuralgia may be eaused by mal- nutrition, impoverishment of the blood, an excess of protein in the diet, auto- intoxication through the absorption from the colonise, of the products' of putrefaction. An eminent English physician defined neuralgia as the cry of a hungry nerve for better, blood. The best way to secure better blood is to eat pure food and live an active outdoor life. For temporary relief of almost any form of neuralgia heat is the best of all remedies.' It cannot be too often repeated that heat kills pain; Appli- cations of 'heat may be made in 1 a great variety of ways, as by t fomentations, hot-water bags, hot poultices, photophore, incandescent electric light, arc light and diathermy. The last-named remedy is a modifica- tion of the wireless electricity and is especially useful in causes of deep- seated neuralgia, visceral neuralgia, which cannot always be relieved by ex- ternal hot applications. Bymeansof � diathermy heat may be supplied to any internal part, no .matterhow deeply seated. In making hot applications for relief of neuralgia it is important to remem- ber the water must be as hot as' the patient can bear. The `application should be so hot as to make it neces- sary to take it off and put it on two or three times until the patient's skin can bear it. Commencing the applica-,. j tion at about 110 degrees Fahrenheit:,,. the skin will gradually acquire a toler- ance for heat until a temperature of 116 to 120 degrees Fahrenheit can is borne. Continue for fifteen twenty minutes, and immediately f low by the application of a towel o compress moistened in water at 80 d grees for one minute, Then dry cover with dry flannel. esse 31 Teeth a Factor in Health. Good teeth are necessary for health. What adds more to the beauty of the human face than a mouth full of fine teeth? The first teeth need great care. -First, the mother should see that the 'mouth is not overcrowded so that its "MOVE UP." Make Room Far- Old Unele S m. "Move Over! You hard-hitting sons of King George, Move Over! You heroes of France, Make room for the legions of ole Uncle Sam, Our Invincible Armada. The destiny of the British Empire, and the world at large, does not de- pend on the army, but on its navy. Its colonies and the Empire Islands could not exist but for its grand fleet. Its commerce would disappear in a night, and the citizens of the snug little islands set, in the silver sea would starve, in a few months. Bri- tain's very existence depends on her navy. The greatest and most surpris- ing development of modern warfare is the sudden evolution of the submarine. It can navigate the stormiest sea in perfect calm, perfectly invisible to the enemy. It is the most terrible men ace that British merchant vessels have to face. 'It is the greatest clanger on the high seas. Great Britain has lost 21 per cent. total gross tonnage of merchant vessels, but the menace in the future will have to be met by new methods, and possibly new men. The British Navy, which is the veins and arteries of the Empire, with its innumerable cruisers, dreadnoughts, torpedo boats and mine sweepers, is the most formidable armada on earth, and on its strength and power alone, backed by iron destiny, depends the present and future of the world. With the fleet intact, Germany can never possess the "dates" of the world, or secure world power. We've been wattled years for the chance. "In spirit we've been right along, .'Cause we never were keen for the a reddish tinge will appear on the Hun,paper if there is any acid present. If Now we've joined, we'll keep scrap- { acid, forbid the use of the preparation. pin' with you to the end, If a tooth powder is used it should be And back up your play with a gun• well ng tl hake d tpst with water before maar, Plain chalk with a soft brush or i two by form may be maintained for the sec- ond teeth when they come. The baby teeth are softer' than those thatome after, -arid thew -acids. must be scrupulously avoided, particul- arly in mouth washes, as they will de- stroy these important teeth, which should be kept in the mouth as long as they are in good condition. If you suspect your tooth prepara- tion of being acid, you can buy a few cents' worth of litmus paper from your side your druggist, and by dippinga very small piece of this into your mixture "Hey, Little old Belgium, we'll take . the right flank! will do very well to cleanse the to We'll get back your homeland for of The moi outh should bdren both elwellht irinsedd iwit you, For the Star-Spangled banner in glory water after each meal, and just before retiring it is well for bath adul shall wave, and child to rinse the mouth with a Backed by a million or two. strong solution of baking soda. This "Put it there, brother Serb, you're a destroys the acidity that might have been generated in the mouth from foodstuffs. '• The teeth and gums should not be`: abused. Sound and healthy gums are • necessary to maintain the health of ' the teeth. The teeth represent live parts of the body and must be guarded against abuse the seine as we all appreciate the eye has to be protected. WIIAT A "TOMMY" COSTS. hard-fightin' kid, Will we muss up the Bulgars a bit? Come on, brother Russian, let's jam the line hard, And show Kaiser Bill he ain't IT. "All right now! Together, let's end the thing quick! Fix bayonets! The Boche don't like steel, We'll help you to finish the thing now we're here, And show them our army is real. "Two Million Yankees can make quite a dent, When they're trailin' a yellow - streaked knave, And there's eight million more, who will come at the call, From the land of the free and the brave." —Kenneth MacDougall. Weekly Expenditure Upon Imperial Infantryman is Sometimes $24. The weekly value of the state's ex- penditure on the infantry private with. a wife and two children, correspond- ing to the wage payable in civil life, is approximately as follows: Pay, 7s to 10s 6d, of which 3s Gd goes to the wife as compulsoryallot. menta clothing, 3s; board and lodging, 20c; separation allowance, 17s 6d to 21s (plus the man's 3s Gd allotment); civil liabilities grant, average is Gd, maximum 40s. Cost per week 47s 6d to 948 6d. For single soldiers tate cost varies from 30s without civil grant to 7s Gcll, with the grant. King's Right -Hand Man. For the past thirty-five years, Lord Stamfordham, the Secretary of the King, who recently celebrated his six- ty-eighth birthday, has been closely connected with the court, and no Il - ficial enjoys greater popularity endears himself to all ' brought in contact with him. A soldier by profession, Lord Stam- fordham saw considerable active ser- vice before forsaking the sword for the pen He was in the thick of the fighting during the Zulu campaign, and later became A.D.C. to Sir Eve- lyn Wood. When he was first offered the posi- tion of Private Secretary to Queen Victoria, he was somewhat diffident about accepting. " He consulted a friend: " zt all depends," remarked his candid adviser; "if you have the sense I credit you with you will a,c- eept the offer thankfully. If you are a fool you will stay in the army." His lordship pleads that he had to take this appointment to vindicate his inn- telligenee A Haig Story. Here is a story brought back from the front about Sir Douglas Haig, Sir Douglas was, some few weeks ago, in a great hurry to gat to a cer- tain place. He found his car, but the chauffeur was missing. So Sir Douglas got in the car and drove off by him- self. Then the driver appeared, and saw the ear disappearing in the dis- tance. ' "Great. Scot!" cried the, driver, "there's 'Aig a -driving my earl" "Well, get even with him, said a Tommy, standing' by, "and go and fight one of 'is battles for him." Those who take up the study of the bee have need to handle the subject gently. In peeling oiiians place them in a bowl of water, and peel them so that water covers the onion, to peevept the eyes from smarting,'