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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1917-08-31, Page 3u• DOMESTIC SCIENCE AT IIOME Eighth Lesson (Continued).—Proteins. Methods of cooking milk, fish, cereals, peas, beans and lentils are given this week. The protein of milk is in the form of casein, which pre- cipitates when acid is added to the milk, as in the combination of toma- toes and milk. When milk becomes sour the sugar content of the milk changes to acid. This acid will also cauee the inilk to precipitate. Casein is also clotted by ferments or digestive juices which are present in the stomach. Milk may be heated to the scalding point, using a double boiler. Slow cooking at a temperature just below the boiling point will give better _re- sults when cooking foods that con- tain milk. When combining milk with acid fruits or vegetables, if a quarter teaspoonful of baking soda is added to the fruit or vegetable to neutralize the acid, the milk will not separate. This amount is for one pint of milk, or you may blend one tablespoonful butter, one tablespoon- ful flour, two cupfuls milk. Cook until boiling is reached. Now slowly add the fruit or vegetable. Bring to the scalding point and use. When cooking puddings and custards al- ways stand the dish or pan containing the mixture in a larger pan contain- ing hot water, then bake in a moder- ate oven. - Fish The protein of fish is similar in character to that of meat. It differs *in structure and composition. Fish may be cooked by boiling, broiling, r actual values, in a solvent condition and able to perform their duties as public servants. The only examination so far had into the affairs of the Canadian Northern has resulted in :the opinion, of two out of three railway experts that the stock proposed to be pur- chased was worth nothing. This means that whatever its . nominal value may be, the unsecured debts are more than enough to prevent its be- ing sold to any reasonably prudent, purchaser. In view of the fact that no money was paid to the company for the stock and that the company has never been able to earn anything upon it, there was and is no reason to expect any other result from ex- amination. No agreement or obligation to pur- chase is produced. Iri fact, nothing has transpired except verbally and then between members of the Govern- ment not named and persons whose names are not disclosed. In fact what is to be paid, who is too get paid for it, what the cost' and the At- tendant obligations are, no one knows. The smallest transaction in, common life could not be concluded in such a way, and any attempt to do it by trustees responsible to a court would unquestionably be -a breach of trust, and this is the largest and most on- erous undertaking ever contemplated by any Canadian Government, and the most risky. It is safe to say that no road capitalized above its earning power can ever be a useful public servant, nor can any road bought by a Government for more than its worth ever be anything but a continuous drain on the tax payer. The Canadian Northern Railway;. was built as a private speculation.; Its bonds were sold to financiers at: a discount. No money was received+., into its treasury for its stock. Noth- ing oth ing has been made public which' would justify the taxing of other citizens of this country for the pur- pose of giving fictitious value to these .h bonds and stocks. The interest and 4 other charges on Canada dueto the, war increase every day and even now are so great that it isdifficult to say_ from what source they can be . pat without an ' economic strain nay'," hitherto undergone and a cutting down of expenses not yet even be- gun. The credit of the country abroad is less than it has ever been. The last. loan of $100,000,000 at 6 per cent. for two years netted only $96,111,111. In other words, the country is borrowing money at a charge of more than 8 per cent. per annum. Note.—Accord ing to the Monetary Times of August 17th, Sir Thomas White stated the; net proceeds to be $96,250,000, not, $96,111,111, and that' thecommissions and charges were 1% per cent. He was speaking of a two-year 5 per cent. baking, sauteing or frying. A steady, even heat is required and an allowance of twenty minutes to the pound after cooking start.; may be considered a fair time allowance. Owing to the de- licate texture of fish, always wrap the fish in a piece of cheese cloth to broil. Use a double -fold wire broiler when broiling; also lay the fish on a fine wire rack when baking. This permits easy removal from the pot, fire or pan and makes the appearance of the fish much better when served. Cereal. The length of time required for cooking cereals depends entirely upon the amount of cellulose the cereals contain. Steel -cut oatmeal will re- quire much longer time than the flak- ed oats, which are first crushed and then steamed. Hominy will require longer to cook than cornmeal. Long, slow and con- tinuous cooking is the proper method for cooking all cereals. Legumes Fresh peas and beans are cooked in boiling water, boiling gently, so that the vegetable will not break or become muesy. Use barely enough water to cover. Dried peas, beans and lentils should be soaked first in plenty of cold wa- ter for twelve hours. They should then be steamed until tender. They may also be boiled gently. Lentils are very nutritiouse'easy to digest and are considered a valuable article of diet in Europe. Rice a Valuable Food. Food experts are urging a wider use of cereals, and suggest that they may appear in some form at every meal. With a high food value and no waste, the housewife should learn how- to cook them properly and serve them so that their use does not become monotonous. Rice should be more appreciated than it is, for it can be served in so many ways. Polished rice is of less value as a food than that which is un- polished, because in the polishing the vitant.ines, which are an essential life principle, are ground' off. The latter also has the advantage of being less expensive. Rice cooked thus should look like a mound of snow. Wash the -rice well through one or two cold waters, then sprinkle it into a' kettle of slightly salted boiling wa- terwhich should not stop boiling at all for twenty minutes. No . two grains should adhere together, and each . ought to be swollen to twice its natural size. When it is soft turn out into a colander, shake it up lightly and set in the oven a moment to dry. Stewed tomatoes added to the water in which the rice was boiled will, if properly seasoned, make a delicious soup. Cold boiled rice added to scram- bled eggs will piece cit that dish so RAILWAY POLICY IS CRMCUSED that two eggs will serve several peo- ple. The housewife will find that rice may be added to many dishes, in- creasing their bulk and reducing their cost. test against the purchase of the Can- adian Northern Railway signed by. many .af the leading capitalists of Montreal; and this protest is not lightly to be disregarded. The point at issue is this, is the country to take overa burden that other shoulders should bear? Will the ownership of the` Canadian Northern impose upon the people a financial obligation avoidable without danger to national interests? If the Government was di- vareed from the enterprise, the an - weir is easy. Like any other busi nese undertaking the property should stew in its own juice, and undergo the course of liquidation through re- ceivership, emerging therefrom in stronger condition in respect of lia- bilities both of current and of capi- tal account, That appears to be the view of the financiers whose state- ment we print, and there is force in the view. ',the Canadian Northern must be ea eied on as an operating road. It serges a great territory and a large community.. of people whose welfare is dependent upon the operation of this railway, but having exhausted its financial resources the alternative of Government ownership by acquisition of .the common stock, or through the radium. of a receivership, is the only ori,;presented. a Government ownership we are op ,osed, A reorganization of the cap- ita liabilities, through the medium ofereceivership, is the other recourse. Thb liability of Canada in either event.' remains, the Governmentand the provinces having guaranteed the great sum of $211,000,000 of bonds of thee company. It is, however, neces- sary to learn the extent of the,,lia-. "lity taken over by Canada hi the it now before Parliament. What as - are acquired?obligations What oations g rieurred? If there be a margin on debit side of the account, if Can- is assuming a debt over and a ve existing guarantees, the public y not unreasonably ask why. The bray is a fine property with ex- ent prospects, but after all is ° it is a business venture which d be allowed to face the con- ences 'of all business ventures. thing is certain; the country Id not be saddled with any avoid - The debt created by the is already large, and constantly asing. New sources of taxation to be tapped. ,The ;outlook is by eans bright in xaspect of the inion finances end before the tienal' obligation of taking over anadian Northern Railway is in - a, it - is ; necessary at the least should know precisely what Sr .leech -aped etiisincu d -in the s ,�• d valet being y of arability. as - ';;SHORTAGE OF WOOL. Trench Cake. e One-half cupful of shortening, one cupful of sugar, one cupful of water, one-half cupful of raisins, chopped fine. Place in a saucepan and bring to a boil. Cook for two minutes and then add: Three-quarters teaspoonful of baking soda, one-half teaspoonful. of cinnamon, one-quarter teaspoonful of cloves, one-quarter ;teaspoonful of mace, two tablespoonfuls of cocoa, two cupfuls of flour. Beat well un- til cool and then acid two teaspoonfuls of baking powder. Pour into a greas- ed and floured pan. Smooth the top of the cake with a knife dipped in water. Cover the top of the cake with the following mixture: Four tablespoon- fuls of sugar, eight tablespoonfuls of flour, four tablespoonfuls of shorten- ing, one teaspoonful of cinnamon. Work the mixture between the hands until it is fine and crumbly. 'Spread smoothly over the cake and then bake for forty minutes in a moderato oven. This delicious cake is just the thing to send to the men in the trenches as it keeps indefinitely. Acquisition of Canadian Nor- ;them Imposes Burden of Unknown Magnitude. The following criticism of the policy of the Government in respect of the Canadian Northern Railway is made: The Government bill to authorize the purchase by it of the capital stock of the Canadian Northern Railway ie half. -way through the House of Com- mons and`will shortly be in the Sen- ate, If it :becomes law, it will impose on Canada, at a time when the coun- try is under an unprecedented strain, a burden of unknown magnitude. One certainly greater than any ever be- fore imposed upon this country, with the exception of the war debt. The purchase of a defined piece of railway property is one thing, The buying of stock in a company with unascertained • assets and unknown liabilities is another. Once the Gov- ernment becomes the principal owner of the common stock, it must provide out of loans or taxes for all the debts of the railway due or to become due and for all future losses in operating.' The estimates of expenditure still necessary to be made run into enor- mous normous figures. No ene knows :what the real extent of its obligations are. GEN. BR S!L ' RUSSIAN PATRIOT The railway has bonds outstanding and debts unpaid; so have its sub- sidiaries. There are guarantees given by it to other companies, unpaid bal- ances on contracts and upon ac- counts, but to what extent is unknown. What its assets are is equally un- known. It operates and is interested in railway companies, land companies, telegraph companies, tunnel compan- ies, lumber companies and hotel com- panies, but no one knows how far it owns them, what their assets or lia- bilities are, nor to what extent the railway company is responsible for their liabilities. No other railway company nor any other group of business men would consider such an acquisition except after elaborate examinatipn and re- ports from accountants and apprais- ers on the assets and.liabilities, and then only subject to a solvent • guar- antee that all supposed assets would be delivered and that no undisclosed debts or obligations would appear, To find out these things, where such examination and guarantee cannot be had, the usual course in the United States has been to place the road in the hands of a receiver, whose staff can ascertain them and place them before those interested in an accurate and clear statement. Systems quite as large, notably the Union Pacific, the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe and the Rock Island, have in the United States been through this process and have : emerged from it with capital written down to correspond to the KEPT HIS OWN COMMAND IN CONTROL DURING REVOLUTION. Man of Statesmanlike Wisdom With the Swift and Courageous Action of a Soldier. 1 -le 1t Learn How To Protect Broken Bones and Sprains., While there is very little a member of the family or a nonmedical friend can do in case of broken bones, and while it is unwise to offer suggestions relative to the setting of bones, it is All honor is due to the heroic young important that both the family and War Minister,, Alexander Kerensky,friends know how properly to sup who has played such a splendid pari in firing the fighting blood of the Russian soldiers, chilled by the work of German agents in the first days of the revolution. Less dramatic for the moment, but immensely effective, has been the of flat boards three inches wide about work of General Brusiloff, the Rus- the leg with two pocket handkerc'h'iefs sian Commander -in -Chief. the ends of the fractured bone will not The drive began on Brusiloff terri- rub against each other and increase tory, between Zlochoff (Zloczow) and the pain and all danger of causing the Brzezany, along the Stripa River; broken bones to protrude through the it was begun with the armies which flesh, thus . "compounding" the frac- Brusiloff had held „firmly in his own ture, is avoided. A good emergency hands while he was commander of stretcher may be quickly made out the south-western front before his of two or three buttoned vests with appointment as Commander -in -Chief. poles, rakes or brooms run through port a broken leg while carrying disabled person into the house or to near -by medical aid. For instance, suppose your child falls from a tree and fractures his leg below the knee, if you tie a couple loan. The cost would be 8 per cent. if the 1% per cent. conies out of the $96,250,000, but not otherwise. Its future credit may depend entirely on the belief of foreign bankers that good money will not be sent after bad, and. that speculative enterprises will be allowed to find the financial level called for by their intrinsic Merits. The undersigned, all of whom as in- vestors have a stake in the prosper- ity of this country, desire to call . the, attention of their fellow -countrymen to the grave risk they all are rune ning of having their own earnings di- verted for the purpose of securing profits to bondholders and stockhold- ers tockholders of a concern, the equity in whose enterprisehas been declared by the only people at all in a position to form an opinion to be of no value. It is also urged that the strongest pos- sible protests be made befnte it is too late to all senators and members of Parliament. Montreal, August 20, 1917. F. W. Molson, James Law, H. R. Drummond, Geo. E. Drummond, Ar- mand Chaput, Ferd. • Prudhomme, Zeph. Hebert, A. 3: Brown, C. S. Garland, H. A. Ekers, Chas, Chaput, A. Guy Ross, Joseph Ainey, C. Mere- dith, C. S. Campbell, W. R. Miller, George Caverhill, Wm. McMaster, H. W. Blackwell, Andrew J. Dawes, Robert Hampson, George It Hooper, Geor,;;c W. Sadler, W. W. Hutchison, Wm. C. Finley, F. H. Wilson, G. F. Benson, A. Craddock Simpson, James Morgan. The Gazette, Montreal, of August 23rd, comments on the above as fol- lows: THE RAILWAY POLICY. We print in another column a pro - It is pertinent to ask why the Brus- hoff group of armies was chosen to begin the new drive; why this group of armies was supremely ready and effective. Thee answer, I believe, is this; During^ the three perilous months immediately following . the abdication of Nicholas IL, when the work of German agents in Russia was, at times, seemingly triumphant, Brusiloff had given orders that not one of these "Socialist" propaganda- ists should be tolerated within speak- ing distance of any of his troops— and had seen that his orders were car- ried out. Therefore, it happened that, while the German agents were drug- ging the Kronstadt sailors and sowing discord at Petrograd, the morale of the Brusiloff armies on the southwest front was aklnost wholly unimpaired, their fine discielline was almost wholly unshakenf' Brusiloff intervened in another way, which has been indicated in the press cables, but which has not, in all likelihood,. been clearly understood. It will be remembered that German agents, just ' about the time when Nicholas descended from the throne, scattered broadcast through ..Petro- grad the famous =`Order No:.1," ap- parently signed by .,the Executive B: Saving Rags. Canadians Can Help to Avert Serious Shortage. l n all the warring countries the de- nd for rags, to supply the world's rtage of wool, is insistent. Canada no exception, and appeals are be - made throughout the country for savings of rags and old clothes t they may be again used in the manufacture of shoddy, to relieve the strain upon the wool supply. In Great Britain, the Local Government Board hascalled attention to the varied means by which this material may be saved, as follows: "On account of the large stocks of clothing needed for the, British and allied armies, efforts are being made to save the maximum quantity of rags for use in shoddy mills. The aid of Women's societies has been invoked in conjunction with urban and rural of- ficials. The collection is largely de- pendent upon the patriotic spirit of the people, but large supplies of old clothes and rags will be called for. Central depots,are provided for stor- age, and when enough rags are on hand for shipment they are forwarded to the district centre, where they are sorted and. sold to mill owners, the lerofits going to the Red Cross or other war charities. An especial appeal is made to the tailors and dressmakers to keep their cuttings for this pur- pose. Discarded clothing is separated into three classes—all wool, all cotton, and eotton and wool." me s� This method can be undertaken in Canada by many organizations. Hitherto, owing to our wasteful hab- its, the saving and collecting of rags has not appealed to us, but the war has brought about many changes, and, it is incumbent upon all Canadians to do their bit toward averting the seri- ous 'shortages that otherwise are sure to result, w4 Freesias. Plant freesias in August and Sep- tember in pots for winter flowering. The bulbs are inexpensive and the flowers are delightfully fragrant. I'ot three bulbs in a five inch pot. The soil should be leaf mould and loam 'with a little sharp sand. Such soil a$ florists use from a compost heap is the best. Set the pots in a sheltered place in the garden and eover the tops with spaghnum moss until the foliage appears. Plant every two week for a succession of bloom. General Alexander Brusiloff. the armholes, and if the sufferer is placed on the improved stretcher so that one vest comes under the shoul- ders, and one under the hips and still another under the fracture, he may be carried for miles quite comfortably. If the fractured end of the bone pene- trates the flesh it is then known as a compound fracture and the utmost'. cleanliness must prevail. If the wound is dirty Dakin's solution should be employed. For it is in just such wounds that this solution has been found to be of such great value on the battle fields of Europe. In all instances an X-ray labora- tory should be sought to ascertain if the two ends of the bona are in good apposition. Sprains A torn ligament often causes al- most as much pain as a fractured bone. And during the interval of get- ting medical aid, Bier's hyperemia may be produced by tying a piece of rubber tubing above -the sprain; for instance, in case of a sprained wrist, tie the tubing or a handkerchief just below the elbow. In other words, tie between the sprain and the trunk of the body. The intense pain is im- mediately lessened and often entirely relieved. The tying should be loosened every hour for about ten minutes. The rub- ber tubing is much' to be preferred to . the'. handi+.erchief when .it;is t 1:La ii e Van S�rarns `ixse'"�' be eo�rsprr!euF ,, fracture of a tip of a bone,where the tendons are attached,'so it is always wise to secure medical aid in their care. Sprains, dislocations' and fractures should be observed in the X-ray lab- oratory whenever possible. Moist heat, such as the local hot bath, together with the use of the - three -layer wet compress, consisting of an inner layer of cotton cloth wrung from cold water, a middle lay- er of oil silk mackintosh or news- paper and an outer layer of blanket flannel, is an effective home treatment for a sprain. The wet compress is applied during the three -hots interval between the local hot baths. The in- jured member is kept elevated mean- while. The properly applied adhesive straps about the instep and ankle have given temporary support of value. Committee of Workmen's and Sol- diers' Delegates, and actually sup- ported by a few of the extremists in that ill balanced body; its effect was Britons Learning to Cook. The English are not a nation of cooks, says a correspondent, and al - practically to smash the mainspring though cooks have gone up consider - of discipline in the Russian army, ably 'in popular estimation the nation • Kerensky hastened at once to the cannot suddenly change. Do the bet- Executive Committee and procured ter off realize how extraordinarily the publication of a modifying "0r- small h., the amount of cooking which takes place in the homes of the work- ing classes? Bread is indeed the staff of life, not only because under normal conditions it is cheap, but be- the extremists, gave the official sane- cause it is bought cooked and is port - der No. 2," in an effort to neutralize the damage done. But Gutchkoff, then War Minister in the Provisional Government, seemingly daunted by tion of the War Ministry to some of the subversive provisions of the Ger- man proclamation. Soldier and Statesman. able. It is a convenient food because it can be cooked in larger • portions, whereas the substitutes require cook - Immediately afterward two events ing in small pieces, thus at the same were chronicled by the cables, each in time increasing the labor and the a space of three or four lines. The first of these was a hurried visit of certain famous generals to Petrograd and the Provisional Government. Brusiloff was one of them. The sec- on the part of the housekeeper. The and event was the resignation of upper classes have both the spiritual and material conditions necessary for satisfactory substitution and the Work- ing classes have not. Liquid manure is good for phlox, hollyhock, delphiniums and most other perennials . The asemragus bed should make amount of oven space required. These substitutes require new methods of treatment, careful preparation; in fact, both time and considerable study Gutchkoff, whose place was taken by Kerensky. These two comparatively unnoted events are not unconnected, we may surmise;, they were not with- out their bearing on the swift conva- lescence of the Russian army. We can see already, through the early and magnificent result, what statesmanlike wisdom inspired that good strong, healthy growth now, swift, courageous and decisive action, which is essential to a good yield of But without question, Brusiloff's «,hoots for the table next spring. Ap- gift of, statesmanship is best demon- strated by the fact that, while it was he who led the Czar's armies in the great Galician drive which began on June 4, 1916, it is still Brusiloff who leads the armies of Free Russia. ply a good fertilizer containing 2 to 4 por cent, of nitrogen„ 6 to 8 per cent.. of phosphoric acid and 6 to 8 per cent." of potash if it can be had. If only :fertilizer containing a less amount of potash is obtainable, use that.