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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1917-08-17, Page 3�;t DOMESTIC SCIENCE AT HOME Seventh Lesson --Fats and Oils. Fats and oils form the second class of heat and .energy giving foods. One of their functions is to lubricate the intestinal tract. They produce twice as much energy as carbohydi'ates, and for this reason the people in cold climates consume from two and one-half to three times the amount of fat that persons in warm climates would consume. Fats are classified or separated into two distinct classes—fixed and volatile oils. A11 fats used in the prepara- tion and cooking of food are called fix- ed oils. By this term is meant that little or no evaporation takes place 'during the process of heating and cooking with the fat. Fixed oils, while they do not evaporate when heated to a high temperature, become dissociated or decomposed; that is, their chemical construction breaks down or separates after the boiling point is reached. of the cows from which the milk is obtained. Milk taken directly from the cow and permitted to stand for a period of time has fat globules on the top. These globules, which are lighter than water, rise to the top and form what is called cream, Cream is wholesome and palatable for the fat it contains, Butter is made from cream. by the process of beating or churning. This action causes the little fat globules to break and then to coagulate into a solid mass. Animal Fats. Animal fats heated to the boiling point burn or carbonize, thereby show- ing numerous particles (black) in the fat. This is unfit to use as a cooking anent for food. Olive Oil. Olive oil is the most palatable and easiest of all the oils to digest. The Volatile Oils, genuine olive oil is almost without flavor. The oil is made in four grades. Volatile oils, upon reaching the boil- The first pressing from the olives is ing point, are transformed into a gas called virgin oil. The second grade or vapor. For instance, if the es- is good and the third fair; the fourth sential oil of turpentine is heated in a is sometimes known as refuse oil. No - proper vessel by chemists to 300 de- thing can equal olive oil as a cooking grees Fahr., it ceases to be a liquid and becomes a gas, which, upon cool- ing, returns to the liquid form without loss of voltune or weight. This experiment is dangerous and should be performed only by labora- tory experts and chemists. It is solutely colorless and tasteless. It is given here only as an example for a an ideal medium for frying or short - proper explanation. medium. Cottonseed Oil, Cottonseed oil to -day is a great im- provement upon the oil of a few years ago. The processes are now perfect- ed whereby the oil is produced ab - Oils of cloves, cinnamon, bitter almods, lemon, patchouli and berga- mot are a few of the best known of the volatile oils. Composition of Fat. ening, and it is much preferred to the various kinds of animal fat. e Classification of Animal Fats". Beef fat is known as suet. Sheep fat is called tallow. Pig or hog fat is commonly known a; lard. Uncooked Fats are called hydrocarbons, come fats are called suets, Fat that conies posed of carbon united with oxygen from the cooking of meat, such as. roasting or boiling, is called drippings. Vegetable Fats. These embody oils produced from vegetables; such as corn oil or peanut oil. Corn or peanut oils are particu- larly desirable .for cooking .purposes .and hydrogen. They contain in their composition various fatty acids and glycerine. From decomposed fats the commercial glycerine is obtained. Milk Fats. °hal,es..'o; kt 4 o to eight per cent This variation is due to the age, condition and feeding atfi ; fi,ave s r Vier' vek tetra •oils `Fare dayber;,'` ta_lovr from the bayberry, also penny tallow and oil frdin different grains. The Ideal Meal. • Variety in the making of a menu is as necessary as the food itself. One would soon tire of beef and be unable to partake of a sufficient amount for nutriment if it were the only protein furnished fol thirty days. Beef, lamb, veal, pork, poultry, fish, cheese and the legumes give ones a wide scope when planning the daily balanced menu. Potatoes, rice, hominy and barley furnish carbohydrates or 'starches. . Fat from the meat, cream in the milk and butter eaten upon bread also perform their mission in the body and are necessary for its upkeep in sup- plying energy and lubrication. Sugar and eltgars such as are found in the fresh and dried fruits are class- ed as carbohydrates. Succulent vege- tables and salads supply the necessary mineral salts. Therefore a portion of meat or a substitute for it, potatoes or their equivalent and one green vegetable, salad, bread and butter and a dessert supply an ideal meal. Three Good Recipes. Peach Popovers.—One egg, fill cup with tank, one cupful of flour, one- fourth,teaspoonful of salt. Place in a deep bowl and beat for fivo minutes with a Dover egg beater, Then pour into hot popover pans, Bake in a moderate oven for thirty-five minutes, and fill with crushed and sweetened peaches or other fruit. Cucumber Salad.—Peel and cut • in thin slices one medium-sized cucum- ber. Sprinkle with salt and then put in a cool place for one hour. Rinse and cover with chopped ice to make it crisp. Lay on shredded lettuce and serve with the following: One tea- spoonful of sugar, one-half teaspoon- ful of salt, one-half teaspoonful of mustard, one-half teaspoonful of paprika, two tablespoonfuls of vine- gar. Blend to a smooth paste and stir in six tablespoonfuls of sour cream. Serve. Corn Pudding.—One cupful of corn scraped from cob, one cupful of milk, eight tablespoonfuls of flour. Place in a saucepan and blend the corn milk and flour. Bring to a boil and cook for one minute. Cool and add one teaspoonful of salt, one teaspoonful of finely cut parsley, one-quarter tea- spoonful of paprika, one-half tea- spoonful of grated onion, yolk of one egg. Mix thoroughly and fold in the stiffly beaten white of one egg and one teaspoonful of baking powder. Pour into a thoroughly greased baiting dish and set in a pan of warm water. Bake for twenty-five minutes. Serve from the dish with cream sauce. Cold Storage Architecture. To meet an ever-increasing demand forinformation respecting the con- struction of ice -houses and small cold storage systems for farmers, country storekeepers, milk producers, hotel keepers, owners of country homes and others, the Dominion Department of Agriculture has issued Bulletin No. 49, of the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch, entitled "Small Cold Stor- ages and Dairy Buildings," the imme- diate sponsors for which are Mr. J. A. Ruddick, Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, and Mr. Joseph Bur- gess, Cold Storage Inspector. The bulletin is a complete handbook on cold storage construction of a com- paratively simple and inexpensive kind. Besides minute explanatory de- tails of plans and material required TIRES REIVMAD: Scrap tines can be made into guaran- teed tread. double service tires, puncture proof, blow-out ereef, will outwear any new tire; results will astonish you; scud for circular; we pay 2 cents a pound 'for old tires; we buy, sail and ex- change new and second-hand tiros and tubes. Auto Tire Bxchange, 274 Bast Icier Si., TTfmiiton, and 601 Tango lt'6L'of i'., To r Onio. for construction of ice houses and re- frigerators, a series of drawings pre- pared by the Architect's Branch of the Department of Public Works is presented, of which blue prints on a scale of one inch to two feet can be had free on application to the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, while the bulletin itself can be hfid, also free, by writing to the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. If the information herein contained were extensively made use of, not only would much waste be avoided and financial profit accrued, but • considerable benefit would be de- rived in health and the enjoyment of life enhanced. Five different plans are given in the bulletin with complete specifications for each and a state- ment of quantities of ice that can be stored. There are to be no flying schools in British Columbia. It has been decid- ed to abandon the Lulu Island scheme. Lime is not an important direct food for plants, but its chief functions in the soil am to neutralize acidity and to pronlote bacterial aetiivities. THREE YEARS OFTHE 1VORLD WAR WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR AN ABIDINGG PEACE? The Past Year Has Been One of Deep Disappointment and the End a, Is Still Distant. Three. years is the time popularly supposed to have been set by Lord Kitchener for the duration of the war. That time is now past, but the war shows no sign of coming to an end. There is a very general impression that it will not be definitely wound up for another year, If Russia had. held firm it might have been ended in 1917, and if the United.States had not taken the place of Russia, virtually otlt of the struggle, it might have continued for years, especially if Rus- sia had made a separate peace, which would have solved Germany's problem of getting food. We ought no -.longer to count on Russia. Eventually she is likely to come out all right, but only the great- est optimist will expect that powerful and disciplined armies will be evolved in the next few months. With the greatest admiration for the patriotism of Kerensky, and profound respect for the fighting qualities of Russian. troops and the "brilliancy of Russian leaders, one must count on miracles happening if he continues to count on Russia. The Past Year. Writing in the New York Tribune and reviewing the history of the. past year, Frank Simonds says that it has been one of profound disappoi: for the Allies. A year ago the were making .their famous di resulted in the taking of Gorl''. Russian army under Brusilof eat menacing Lemberg, and in a moot'' campaign had captured about 400,000 of the enemy. The Battle of the Somme had opened with great Brit- ish and French successes. Rumania entered the . war, and her armies swarmed down on the Hungarian plains. Some saw in each of these events a sure sign that the power of the Cee- -'al Empires s about to be de- stroyed. oyed .,Mast, of us,; viewing them to the '.mated States will, at the end of this feast of death, be handed the ebecics, for the banquet, and they say that she will be assessed $30,000,000,- 000. Half the World at War. As matters now stand half the world is at war. The Central Powers are nowfighting nineteen actual Adver- saries. Of dversaries....Of this number . fifteen have declared war, while Panama, Brazil, Haiti and Liberia are practically at war, and China, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Uruguay have ` severed diplomatic relations, This means that of the fifty-six na- tions of the world; twenty-five are op- posed to Germany and her three allies. It is calculated that the combined population of Germany, and her de- pendencies, and Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey is 156,744,000, while the com- bir ed populations of the six most dan- gerous opponents of Germany mount to 856,000,000. These figures, while encouraging from our point of view, ought not to mislead us, since Russia is for the moment at any rate para- lyzed, and Japan is fighting a limited liability warfare. It is generally conceded that the finaleehowdown will be between Ger- many on the one hand and Great Britain and the United States on the other; Even then the odds are in evere way tremendously against Ger- many HARVESTERS WANTED ! Canadian Northern Ry. Runs Excur- sion Trains To The West. T earliest arrivals in Winnipeg will have the first and best choice of employment in the harvest fields be- yond. The Canadian Northern Rail- waywill run the first Excursion Trains to the West in this connection, leaving Ottawa 9.30 a.m. Aug. 16th; nd 10.30 p.m. Aug. 16th and 28th; also leaving Toronto 9.00 a.m. Aug. let;. and 10.00 p.m. Aug, 21st, 23rd nil' 30th. Through cars will be operated from Montreal and Joliette, affording direct connection at Ottawa from principal Quebec points. The equipment will consist of elec- tric lighted colonist cars and Lunch counter cars with special accommoda- tiorfor women. While the best chances are along the Lines . of the Canadian Northern in +llianitoba, Saskatchewan and Al- eneeies, where the demand for labor is • end :the wages high,no, matter destination olx ;F iy s „iii t, THE "MYSTERIOUS MAJOR" OF R.C.F.C. MOTOR. STALLED BEHIND THE GERMAN LINES, Fought a Detachment of Cavalry With His Machine-gun Until Engine Again Started. One of the most versatile flyers in the corps was the "Mysterious Ma- jor." Condon was his name, but to all the men, both sides of No Man's Lancl, he was the "Mysterious Major," says an officer of the Royal Canadian Fly- ing Corps. He was forced to glide to earth one day, back of the Prussian lines, with his big motor stalled. He leaped out hastily, adjusted a bit of machinery and spun the propellers. A gentle purr, then silence, was the response. Once more he flashed the blades around, with no better result. It wasn't a healthy neighborhood to be in. With a short, crisp oath, the "Mysterious Major" set to work in dead earnest. Down the road to the right of the field a cloud of dust, fly- ing high, appeared. It meant cavalry. The major's ears caught the sound of hoof beats. It was tradition that he would never be killed in the air, but here he was on earth, with cavalry galloping to- ward him. His descent had probably been spotted and the Uhlans sent to get him. Kept Cavalry at Bay. At last he got a roar from the en- gine that sounded like business, but it petered out. Closer came the hoof beats. The Uhlans rode over a fence and came galloping across the field. A shot punctuated his exhortations to the motor and slit one of the planes. • Pulling and tugging, he got his ma- chine turned so that he could use his machine gun. Br -r -r -rang! Ile let drive a drum of ammunition from his machine gun. He saw several horses and riders go down in sprawling, roll- ing heaps, then turned to his motor again. Eight or ten Uhlans who had- escap- ed his' murderous fire withdrew. He knew what they would do, They.would return from every side at, once, and hes Bangle; machine e,ui coed l never tilt it le. train Italy has not bee able to advance toe Trieste; Russia is almost paralyzed. Rumania is over- run; British and French advances foie weeks past have been foot by foot, and at some points Germany has been. on the offensive.: On the Western front we have beaten the best troops Germany aould send forward, but it promises to be a long and tedious job to force them out of France and Flan- ders. The Hope of the Allies. One of the most cheering circum- stances in the war to -day, from the point of view of the Allies, is the vir- tual admission by Germany that she cannot win this war with her armies. She says that the submarine is her trump card, and with this card she has undoubtedly taken some import- ant mportant tricks. The German people are told that if they will only hold out the submarines will yet win the war for them. Some experts who fear the submar- ine point out that at its present rate of activity it can perhaps starve the people of the British Isles in eighteen months. That is to say the Allied armies have 18 months in which to defeat the German armies, even if the Allies are unable to do anything to check the activity of the divers or are unable to build 'boats as fast as Ger- many can sink them. Some American experts . say that there is a short cut to end the war, and that it may be reached by a tre- mendous fleet of aeroplanes. A huge appropriation to build aeroplanes has been passed by Congress, and the short cut will be tried. The Hope of Germany. For Germany there are only two gleams of hope in the sky—the sub- marine and the Russian revolution. The latter has permitted Germany to bring several army corps to the West- ern front, and to more stubbornly re- sist the offensive on this side. It has also permitted the building of new lines of defence behind the present positions, and undoubtedly has en- abled Genially to prolong the war for months. It has given Austria a much.. needed breathing space, and reports of Austria desiring a separate peace and being about to negotiate one in defi- ance of Germany are no longer heard., The great cloud on her sky, the en- try of the United States to the war, is considered a mere trifling shadow by Germany. She believes the war will be over before the United States has had time to train an effective army, and on this account has really wel- eomed the advent of the American nation among her enemies. Some of her statisticians have calculated that. ttg. leaflet thowing special train scrl']ice xcursion'dates and the num- bee of ,1 borers, required ° at various points,ft gether with all other parti- culars, a, ply to nearest C:N.R. Agent orGene al Passenge.: Department, Montreal,i: Que., and Toronto, Ont. TO MOTHER. Dear mother mine, why should you ' weep That 1, your son, should pay the price Of one who would his conscience keep, Though' keeping it means sacrifice? You needs should weep if I heard not The soul's reveille clear and strong, Above my fears; if I forgot A folded hand is weaponed wrong; Helps wrong prevail, since for the right It does not work; no friend is he Of liberty who sees sheer might Thrust out, and sits in apathy. He is her friend who, when she cries, Finds all his fires of spirit spring Towards God's canopy of skies— He rides upon Nemesis' wing Through battle's fury, and the strife; His is the faith expressed in act; He to his life is true, and Life Will say he has kept the pact. —A. H. Taylor, On active service in the field. EXHIBITION COSTS $850,000. Special. Attractions At This Year's Pair Above the Ordinary. It costs upward of $350,000 to stage and prepare the Canadian National Exhibition each year. Much of this is spent on special attractions for which the Exhibition is famous. No expense or effort has been spared in securing for Confederation Year the finest array of acts for the Hippo- drome Show that will be given as usual in front of the Grand Stand ev- ery. afternoon and evening . There Will be a galaxy of stars of the show world filling three stages at the one time. One of the outstanding features will be the Al Golem Troupe, court artists to the Shah of Persia, who present the most picturesque and sensational acrobatic. novelty now before the public, The remainder of the pro- gramme will be in keeping with this wonderful attraction, .b. The ideal condition for a cornfield is moist' below, dry and light on the sur- face, which should be free from weeds. Really there is nothing to canning fruit and vegetables exeept care, clean- liness, fresh products, jars and heat. - x u a„ Health First Aid to Heat Victims. In order to give proper aidto per- sons overcome by the heat, it is first essential to distinguish between sun- stroke and heat exhaustion, which are the two forms of symptom groups presented by excessive heat and high humidity. In the case of sunstroke the patient first complains of a tired feeling, ae- eompanied by a sense of oppression in the head. Dizziness followed by un- consciousness may soon follow. The face is, deeply flushed, the breathing labored and the skin is dry and hot; 'Thee pulse is irregular and weak. The symptom.; of heat exhaustion resemble very much those of sun- stroke at the onset. The skin in this case is cold and clammy and the body temperature is below normal, The patient may succumb quickly if pro- per treatment is not administered. The first-aid treatment rendes ed to a heat victim should he to remove him to a cool, shady place and to loosen his clothing. One should next as- certain whether the surface of the skin is hot or cold. If the former, the patient should be sponged immediate- lywith ice water. When removed to a more favorable place indoors, a plunge in a tub of cold water should be given. Ice cold cloths or an ice cap can be applied to the head, As soon as consciousness is regained, cold drinks may be given freely. The patient should be kept in a quiet and cool room. Heat exhaustion, on the other hand, calls for rapid stimulation. By touch- ing the skin of the patient and finding it cold and moist, we can readily come to the conclusion as to treatment. The patient should be covered immediately with blankets and hot water bottles applied to the feet. Hot drinks, such as tea, coffee or lemonade, should be administered if the patient is con- scious. Aromatic spirits of ammonia placed on a bit of cotton may be held near the nostrils of the patient. Every effort should be made to have the patient sent to a hospital at post- haste speed, where the facilities for treatment are the best. Outdoor lab- orers should wear proper headgear to protect the head ftom the sun's rays. A small luncheon is preferred on the would feel safe. Once more he twist' ed the propeller. As though nothing had ever been wrong, the engine started to thrum and roar. He leap- ed into the seat. Quickly the machine rose. The Uhlans saw it. I suppose they knew he had not loaded the machine gun again, and they galloped on to the field, firing at him:• A Price Upon His Head. He was so low that there was every chance for them to hit his petrol tank or even the major himself. So he went even lower, Straight at the heads of the horses he drove. The animals, scared at the great, white - winged, roaring machine, reared and plunged, throwing some of the riders to the ground. The others were too busy with their mounts to shoot straight. The major waved goodby, fired a couple of parting shots from his ser- vice revolver and climbed to where tlTe bullets could not reach him. It was not his fate to die in the air, he thought, but only a few weeks after he told me this story he was killed by a shrapnel burst from an Archie, which wrecked his machine while he was flying with an air patrol. I do not think they ever should have sent him on such work. He was too valuable alone. The Prussians feared him so much that a price was upon his head. I have known the "Mysterious Ma- jor" to side slip three thousand feet at a time. He used to skim so close to the Boche trenches that they say the men ducked their heads, and all the time he was pouring six hundred l shots a minute from his machine gun. EARTH GRADUALLY SLOWING. Takes Three Seconds Longer to Re - vein Than Century Aga. British astronomers declare that the earth is gradually slowing down in the time of its revolution around its axis. That the rate is gradual is shown by their calculation that it now takes exactly three seconds longer for the world to turn on its axis than it took a hundred years ago. A writ- er in "St. Nicholas" comments: "At this rate Shakespeare had nearly ten seconds less in his twenty-four hours than has a modern dramatist. Wil- liam the Conqueror was handicapped by a half minute in keeping up with his descendants. Julius Caesar was a whole minute to the bad," A new vacuum cleaner is specially designed to remove dust from books on library shelves. a, at'? P. -Y i� ,o i ! «Vere 'erllaii; tics duriF.i;_ spells should .moderate etheir work, wash their hands and face with cold water at frequent intervals and lie down in a cool room from time to time during the afternoon when the temperature is at its highest level, It is hardly necessary to emphasize the use of light, loose clothing. Dark clothes are actually warmer than light-colored garments. UTILIZING THE SUN'S RAYS. Alexander Graham Bell Suggests Con- serving it in Oil for Power. Of course, water can only be heat- ed to the boiling temperature; but there are many liquids that can be heated to a very much higher tem- perature than this without boiling, says Mr. Bell. I have taken a tumbler of olive oil and heated it by means of a thin iron wire connected with a vol- taic battery. I placed in the tumbler of oil a test tube filled with water. In a short time the water was boiling, e, but the oil remained perfectly quies- cent. If you store up hot oil instead of water you will have at your com- mand a source of heat able to do all your cooking and even produce steam power to work machinery. We have plenty of heat going to waste during the summer time, for the sun's rays arc very powerful, and we do not use the roofs of our build- ings except to keep off the rain. What wide expanses of roof are available in all our large cities for the utilization of the sun's rays. Simple pipes laid up on the roof and containing oil or some other liquid would soon become heated by the sun's rays. The hot oil could be carried into an insulated tank and stored. You could thus not only conserve and utilize the heat that falls upon the tops of your houses, but ef- fect some. cooling of the houses them- selves by the abstraction of this heat. .___._ ,ems_ When Scot Meets Scot. The British commander, Sir Douglas Haig, is a Scot, and his staff is com- posed for the most part of young Scotsmen. Even the sentries before his quarters are Scots. Sir Douglas, coming forth one morn- ing after breakfast, was saluted by a strange sentry. "Who are ye?" he asked: the man in his broad Scotch accent. "Fine, general! An' hoo's yersel' ?" the flattered sentry answered with hearty politeness. Establish a home canning firm, "Father, Mother & Co." Don't forget the little "co.'s."