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Zurich Herald, 1917-08-10, Page 2DOMESTIC SCIENCE AT HOME Sixth Lesson.—Starches and Sugars. Starches and sugars have many pro- perties in common, and for this rea- son are grouped together under the name carbohydrates. The preceding lessons have told that carbohydrates furnish heat for the body and energy to do work. Starch is found principally in cer- eals, grains and vegetables. It is soluble in cold water and coagulates or thickens when dissolved in cold wa- ter and heat is applied. Applying any, persons thoroughly chew the food which contains starch. Care- lessly cooked starchy foods will pro- duce intestinal disturbances. This is particularly true of breakfast foods. Unless they are well coked they should not be given to infants or elderly persons. The fireless coker is an ideal method of preparing breakfast foods, and, in fact, for cooking all starchy foods. Sugars. F" heat causes the cell-like structure to There are many kinds of sugars. expand ilyd burst, thereby thickening The most familiar of them is the carte the liquid. Dry starch when heated sugar. Sugar is also obtained from turns a light brown in color. This is called dextrin, and is soluble in cold water. It is the basis of Brit- tish gum and is often used in making library paste. When starch is heat- ed beyond the dextrin stage it is transformed into carbon, all the mois- ture being removed setting the car- bon free. Digestion of Starches. The process of digestion with starches starts in the mouth. It is most important that all food contain- ing starch be thoroughly masticated. Failure to chew food thoroughly will: prevent the saliva from acting upon the starch and prevent the continua- tion of this important process in the stomach. When staich foods are thor- oughly masticated the Action of the saliva continues upon the food in the stomach for at least half an hour, un - beet roots, maple trees and certain kinds of palms. Sugar is also found in vegetables, fruits and milk. The greatest amount comes from sugar cane, which is a plant somewhat resembling corn. It is crushed between rollers, extract- ing the sweet juice, which is clarified and evaporated until, upon cooling, its crystals appear in a thick liquid, This liquid is molasses. The crystals are brown sugar. The brown sugar, by a process of re- fining, is made into many kinds of su- gar known to housewives. Grape and fruit sugars are found in grapes, peaches and other fruits. It is two and one-half times less sweet than cane. Glucose is manufactured on a large scale from corn. Lactose, or milk sugar, is found in milk. The commerical sugar of milk comes from til checked by the acidity of the gastric Switzerland, and is made by evaporat- juices. It is for this reason many persons are unable to eat starchy foods with other food containing fruit or vegetable acids. The stomach ferments do not act upon starch as it passes into the small intestine. The pancreatic juice and intestinal ferments complete the final changes which occurand are absolute- ly necessary to convert the starches into soluble sugars. It is necessary to combine starchy foods with protein foods, as all excess starch is stored in the body in the form of fat.,_ ing the whey of the cow's milk. It is used for sweetening drinks for in- fants and the sick. It is less liable to produce acid fermentation than cane sugar and is more easily digested. The Food Value .of Sugar. Sugar is valuable as a nut"rim' �;'", easy to digest and quickly absor d bythe body. Cane sugar, the P o - cess of digestion, owing to the eaten of the pancreatic juices, is converted into glucose, and after its absorptiol it is completely utilized in furnishing heat and energy. b tx Starchy foods must be thoroughly cooked, owing to the fact that few, if d : reely. irsY}" n.3- 3 U but 'onl a'small amount: should be used during hot weather. A Red Cross Nurse and a Wounded Soldier Mowing Hay in Cheshire, Eng. Stomach Rest. The gastric juice not on the food, but disinfects it, an . r the food leaves the stomach the g stric acid disinfects the stomach itself. This is highly important as a preparation for the next meal. . Hence, it is neces- sary that the stomach should become empty and should have a short period of rest after each meal before food is again taken into the stomach. This will prepare the stomach not only by insuring perfect freedom from infect- ing bacteria, but by giving the glands of the stomach and the ne;,ve centers which control its action an opportun- ity to replenish their store of energy for use in the digestion of another meal. ;; The stomach should have a chd,ece to rest for one hour after each mei.l be fore the taking of -the next, k" IConstipation is almost universal in I r these cases, and the sluggish action of the colon is shared by the small intes tine and the stomach. The result of this delay, or "stasis," as the doctors I call it, is to encourage the development f bacteria and autointoxication. Water -drinking affords a natural nd efficient means of relief in these cases. If not a panacea, it is at least a most valuable accessory means. Two or three glasses of water should be takenefour hours after each meal, at the time when the stomach should be emptied of the last remnants of the Iast meal. The temperature of the water may be hot or warm or room temperature. Ice -water should be avoided. The effect will be not only to wash the stomach out by mechani- cal cleansing of the mucous surface, but to insure thorough disinfection by causing the gastric glands to pour out an abundance of hydrochloric- acid. Since there is little or no food in the stomach, the gastric acid remains free and is, hence, highly active as a disin- fecting agent. The quantity of water taken should be h"b"e'i"i't ;a pint,and the best time for re eating.; hte Plot kK ` al G 4 ^`s Ij;.. 'o i ,�,',h, stomach, abut supplies to the blood;;ho water necessary for cleansing the t sj sues and aids the kidneys and other eliminative organs iri removing from the body the damaging poisons which are continually pouring into the blood from the colon. Win -the -War Recipes. • Every'time cornmeal is used where wheat products were once used, we help to win the war. Have cornmeal mush for breakfast, with figs, dates or fruit for variety; use cornmeal in quiet breads, yeast breads, desserts. Omit all wheat breakfast cereals. Use rolled oats for muffins, rolls and yeast - raised bread. Cornmeal Muffins. -One cupful sour milk, one and one-third cupfuls flour, two-thi. ds cupful cornmeal, one to two tablespoonfuls fat, one to two tablespoonfuls sugar, one egg, one- half teaspoonful soda, two teaspoon- fuls baking powder, one-half teaspoon- ful salt. Mix milk, egg and melted fat and add dry ingredients well mix- ed. Indian Pudding.—Three-fourths cup- ful cornmeal, one quart milk, one and -}o eq of seeou nue° tad g reel -om4 Io one-half teaspoonfuls salt, three table- spoonfuls sugar, or one-third cupful molasses. Heat the milk. Sift in the cornmeal as in making mush. Add salt and sugar. Turn into buttered baking dish, put dish in pan of water, and bake very slowly two and one- half to three hours. Serve with hard sauce, cream or crushed fruit. Oatmeal Muffins.—One-half -cupful cooked oatmeal or rolled oats, one egg, two tablespoonfuls fat, one .and one-half cupfuls flour, two tablespoon- fuls sugar, one-half teaspoonful salt, four teaspoonfuls baking powder. Cook oatmeal, using one part oatmeal to two parts water. A large propor- tion of water makes too soft a mush and gummy muffins. 14Iix milk, oat- meal, egg and melted fat. - Add dry ingredients after sifting them togeth- er. Bake twenty-five to thirty min- utes. This makes ten to twelve muf- fins. Rye Muffins.—Two and one-half heaping tablespoonfuls each of rye and Indian meal, one tablespoonful sugar and melted butter, one table- spoonful salt, one egg, beaten; one- half teaspoonful of soda, one tea- spoonful cream tartar dissolved in en- ough milk or water to make a drop batter. Beat well, drop by the spoon in hot fat, or bake in muffin tins. y:F MEN IN TEE El �� ARMY . • E IEIS� t14 � 1L� SIX HUNDRED CARPENTERS AT P.IUT-BUILDING Many Departments of Wartime Activ- ity Being Filled by Women to Release Men For Trenches. The feminine section of the British army is growing larger day by day. Khaki -clad young women at first con- fined to the Red Cross "section of the field army, are rapidly pushing into many departments of army activity, displacing men who, in turn, are pass- ed along to work nearer the front line trenches. Every boat reaching France from England brings new companies of wo- men workers. At first their work was mostly at the remote bases,but now they may be found working further and further afield, sometimes, indeed, within hearing distance of the guns. In the clerical departments at the chief bases, women have very largely displaced men. As chauffeurs they are being employed by hundreds, not only on ambulances and light supply wagons but also on heavy transport lorries, and with entire success. - Building Army Huts. Six hundred young women carpen- ters are at work building army huts. They have only six weeks of instruc- tions and preparations in England be- fore crossing the channel. Their work here is practically "shop work." The huts are of the new semi -cylindrical Canadian type, which is being turned out by the thousands in knock -down form, every hut exactly alike. The young women wear a neat uniform of regulation khaki, with short skirt and knickers, and a sleeve badge showing an army half completed. Each girl has to know only one small part of the whole process of hut building; each day she repeats the same operation, whether it be with saw, hammer or plane, and then passes on the work to the next operative. -The housing of the women workers has been accomplished without par- ticular diflieulty. Some units are in huts, others billeted in hotels, Each unit has its own supervisory offieers and chaperons. While at work it is under the command of young women lieutenants who aet their part as smartly as any British subaltern. .p< Switzerland has built its highest aerial tramway, a mile and a half long and ascending Vo an- altitude of nearly a mile, solely for tourists. t ere so e once or l . a si oa disinfection. The stomach il 'ore - pared to do its work well andindiges-t tion is the result. A healthy stomach emptier itself of an ordinary meal in four hors, so the usual meal hours, 6 to 6.3) a.m., 12 and 6 to 6.30 p.m., afford tine for rest and disinfection as well as digestion. But when the stomach becomes dis- ordered so that it does net empty it- self promptly, the meals Aver -lap, the stomach is cleared only once during the day, during the night; the gastric glands become worn out with.over- work, the mucous membrane .of the stomach becomes infected and diseased and serious gastric disorders result. This condition is exceedingly common among chronic invalids. There are very few persons sufferin •oxn chronic disease of the heart sels, kidneys, liver or ner not at the same time Sufi disorder of the stomach a°— A Tribute to Canada'. The London Daily Chronicle pays a neat little tribute to Canada, as fol- lows:— "Canada ol- lows:—"Canada is the proudest of our daughters to -day. She has made the Motherland understand that there is a Greater Canada. She has, it seems, nearly. 260,000, square miles of unex- plored territory in Quebec, which, ad- ded to her terra incognita in the west, gives her not far short of a million square miles of virgin land with p eten- tial treasure unfathomed. Well, she began as a mystery, and so remains." A Military Dress and Cape It was not to be expected that war times would not influence the styles, so now we have the wili.t.ary dress with soldierly cape and pockets. The model illustrated here is of blue gabardine. The cape is lined with dotted foulard, and the small collar is of white satin. McCa11 Pattern No. 7897, Ladies' Mili- tary Dress; with or without cape; in- step length. In sizes; 34 to 44 bust. Price, 20 cents. This pattern may be obtained from your local McCall dealer, or from the McCall Co., 70 Bond St., Toronto, Dept. W. 6Y A odors a r`e S ecb lis Agree on. Strenothens Ey sight Week- ' im In any Insearsces hat free Prescription tote Can Have Filled and Use at Home. Boston, Mass.—Victims of eye strain and other eye weaknesses and •'those who wear glasses, will be glad to know that Doctors and Bye Specialists now agree there is real hope and help tor them. Many whose eyes were failing say they have had their eyes restored and many who once wore glasses say they have thrown them away. One man says, after using it: I was al- most blind. Could not sce to read at all. Now I can read everything with out my glasses, and my eyes do not any more, At night they would pain dreadfully. Now they fool fine all the time. It was like a miracle to me: A lady who used it says: "The atmos- phere seemed hazy with or without glasses, but after using this prescrip- tion for fifteen days everything'seems clear. I can read even fine print with- out glasses." Another who used' it says: "1 was bothered with eye. strain caused by overworked, tired eyes which Induced fierce headaches. X have: worn glasses for several years both for dis- tance and work, and -without them T could not read my own name on an envelope or the typewriting .on the machine before mo. I can rio both now, and haVe discarded xny long distance glasses altogether. I can count the thittering loaves on the trees across the street now hiolx for several years have looked like a flim green blur to me. I cannot express any joy at what it has done for me." - It is believed that thousands who `wear glasses can now discard them in a reasonable time, and multitudes snore Will be able to strengthen their eyes so as to be spared the trouble and ex- pense of over getting glasses. Dr. Bock, an eye specialist of nearly twenty years practice, says; "A patient came to me „who was suffering from Blepharitis Marginalis with all the concomitant symptoms, as morning agglutination. ox :the lids, chronic, Coln junetivitis and ophiphora. Her eyes when not congested had the dull, suf- fused expression common to such oases. Having run out of her medicine a friend suggested Bon-Opto. She used this treatment and not only overcame her distressing condition, but strange and amazing as it may seem, so strengthened her eyesight that she was able to dispense with her distance glasses and her headache and neuralgia left her. In this instance I should say her eyesight was improved 100%. have since verified the efficacy of this treatment in a number of cases and have seen the eyesight improve from 26 to 75 per cent in. a remarkably short time. 1 can say it works more quickly than any other remedy,, I have pre- scribed for the oyes. p o e Smith, an havest 'of pplirivate practice a number of serious opthaimie diseases with Bon-Opto and am able to report ultimate recovery in both acute and chronic cases. Mr. B. came to my office suffering with an infected oyo. The condition was so serious that an cperation for enucleation seemed im- perative. Before resorting to the operative treatment I prescribed Bon- Opto and in 24 hours the secretion had lessened, inflammatory symptoms be- gan to subside, and in seven days the eye was cured and retained its nor - ;nal vision. Another case of extreme convergent strabismus (cross eyes) escaped the surgeon's knife by the timely use of your collyrium, The 'tightened external muscles yielded to the soothing and anodyne effeots of. I3on-Opto. 1 always instil Bon-Opto after removal of .,foreign bodies and apply it locally to all burns, ulcers and spots on the eyeball or the lids its ts therapeutic effect. By. cleats- ing the lids of secretions and acting as a tonin for the eyeball itself the vision is rendered more acute, hence the number et cases of discarded glasses." Dr, Conner says; "My eyes wore in bad condition owing' to the pevero strain arising from protracted micrde scopieal research work. ]ion-Opto used according to directions rendered a sure prising service. 2 found my eyes re- markably strengthened, so much so Z have put aside my glasses without dis- comfort. Several of my colleagues have also used it and we are agreed as to its results. In a few days, under my observation, the eyes of an astigmatic case were so improved that glasses have been discarded by the patient," Bye troubles of many descriptions may be wonderfully benefited by the use of Son-Opto and if you want to strengthen your eyes go to any drug store and get a bottle of Bon -Onto tablets. Drop ono Bon-Opto tablet in a fourth of a glass of water and let it dissolve. With this liquid bathe the eyes two to four times daily. You should notice your eyes clear up per- ceptibly right from the start, and in- flammation and redness will quickly disappear. If your eyes bother you even a. little it is your duty to take stops to save them now before it is too late. Many hopelessly blind might have saved their sight if they had oaroc, for their eyes in time. Note: d city physician to whom the above article teas submitted, said: "Yes, Bon.Opto is a remarkable . eye remedy. Its constituent in- se- cialiststs andre widely prescribed 'by well known too ithem. o9I have Med it very successfully in my own practice at patients whose eyes were strained through over. work or misfit glasses. I can highly reeommcud it in ,case of weak, watery, aching, smarting, itching, burning oyes, red lids, blurred vision or for eyes Inflamed from exposure to smoke, sun, • dnst or wind, It is one of the very few prepare tions I feel should be kept en hand for regular 1180 in almost every family." iron-Opto is tot a patent medicine or nerd remedy. Its is an ethical preparation, the formula being printed, on the package. The manufacturers guarantee it to strengthen eyesight• 50 per cent in one week's time in many instanocs, or refund the money. It ig.dis- pensed by all good druggists, including T. Baton stores; Toronto' xanibiyii and ATTITUDE OF FOUR NEUTRAL POWERS WHAT THE U. S. EMBARGO MEANS TO. THEM. Holland and the Three Scandinavian Kingdoms Are Now in a Grave Dilemma. The Allies control, by means of their blocading fleets, access to the the ports of Holland, Denmark, Swe- den and Norway, and have only per- mitted seaborne produce and goods from the United States, from the Brit- ish Empire, and from other countries, allied and neutral, to reach Dutch and Scandinavian ports in return for, a solemn pledge by the Scandinavian and Dutch Governments that the freight in question was destined for exclusively home consumption, and that none of it;would under any cir- cumstances be resold to Germany. These promises and agreements have been violated with much the same ef- frontery that Germany displayed in treating as a worthless scrap of paper the guarantee of Belgium'sneutrality to which she had subscribed. Neutral Pledges Violated. Thanks to this, the blockade off the German coast has lost much of its value as a factor in the present war, which has been unduly prolonged thereby. For if the neutral powers .concerned had lived up to their en- gagements and to the obligations of strict neutrality Germany would long ago have been brought to her knees through economic stress;, Great Britain and France would long ago have put an end to these breaches of faith and of neutrality on the part of the Scandanivian and Dutch kingdoms and would have shut down on their seaborne trade,; closing access to their ports, had it not been for their consideration for the United States and their desire to refrain from any oppressive interference with the maritime commerce of America. But up, since President Wilson took as in national honor bound, the gauntlet so recklessly and insanely thrown at his feet by the Kaiser, the situation has changed. The United States has become one of the Powers of the Entente that are fighting for the emancipation of the civilized world from :he military, stag i a. ` -er on zlliz�,G. the . ll i', lerns, an has ex ' n ale z u1't neutral for:.that of a."belligerent- . That which Great Britain and France. re-' trained from "doing out of considera- tion for the United States while she was still neutral President. Wilson has now, with the full approval of the American nation, undertaken to ac- complish by means of his proclama- tion of embargo. , Neutrals Must Choose. According to the terms of the latter none of the necessaries of life, -in fact, no exports at all, will be allowed to reach the neutrals until first of all the requirements of the people of the United States and then those of her allies have been adequately supplied. This means that there will be very - little left far the neutrals. - And in dealing with them a preference will be shown for those neutrals, especially' in Latin America, who have shown a dis- position to refrain from trading with the enemy of the United States, that is to say, Germany, while neutrals such as Holland, Denmark, and above all Sweden, who have aided and abetted the cause of Uncle Sam's foes ; by exporting their domestic produce and their imported goods to Germany, will very rightly and justly be -dis- criminated against by the board at Washington entrusted with the ad- ministration of the embargo. Few seem to realize the full extent of the importance of this sensational , proclamation of an embargo by Presi- dent Wilson. It is not merely an eco- nomic measure, as might appear - at first sight. It is something far more than that. It is hi fact a demand made upon Holland and the Scandinavian kingdoms that they should finally de- - clare themselves in the present war and should decide. to throw in their lot either with the Central Powers or with those of the Entente, Fruit for the Teeth. Unless the teeth are very bad; damaged or eroded, the acids of fruit such as that contained in grapes oranges, lemons or apples, will -be found to be a satisfactory mouth -wash. The advice of a dentist should . be' nought, however; to determine the cony - dition of the teeth.., and to decide whether an alkaline or acid wash is preferable for the individual case. But there is no question as to the efficacy of the food acids in removing quickly` and entirely the mucous films that are the first stages of dental decay: ` An apple eaten in the evening will cleanse the teeth lneehanieally and chemically, and if followed by vigor- ous brushing will protect them from bacteria during the night.,