Zurich Herald, 1917-06-29, Page 9TIE ORIGIN OF
CONSCRIPTION
FRANCE WAS THE FIRST COUN-
TRY TO ADOPT IT.
System Developed in Prussia. to theo
Extent of Training the
Entire Population.
Conscription originated in France
in 1798. At that time the country
had just passed through the .long and
bloody war of the French Revolution,
which -`the monarchs of Europe had
banded together to crush. France, un-
der Napoleon, had come forth victori-
ous, but her army was exhausted and
it was evident that some new system
of recruiting would be necessary, as
voluntary enlistment no longer suf-
ficed.
It was then that General Jourdan
- brought forth and passed the law es-
tablishing conscription. Since then it
has been the basis of al] French mili-
tary legislation, and, to a certain ex-
tent, of that of all other countries.
It was through the terrible power of
conscription that Napoleon was en-
abled to carry on the gigantic wars
which characterized his reign, and
by means of it, after losing in the
snows of Russia the largest army
that up till that time had ever been
put into the field, to reappear a few
months later with another army al-
most as large.
Out of necessity the other nations
of Europe were forced to follow
France's example, and conscription
became general.
The System in Prussia.
Under the French regime every
citizen between the ages of twenty
and twenty-five was liable to service
for five years. Prussia, however, still
further developed the powers of con-
scription by reducing the period of
service in the ranks and passing her
soldiers as soon as they were suffi-
ciently trained into a reserve force,
thus by degrees training her whole
population. This latter system; which
was considered as one of the most far-
reaching and important events of the
last century, owed its origin to the
conditions imposed on Prussia by
Napoleon at the treaty- of Tilsit,
whereby Prussia was restricted to a
standing army of 43,000 men. She.
kept .tc the letter. o2 the law by main -
are a ll p1 eeeeibed
ier tre. neit citizen re-
rire force was lunited only by ..the
population of the country.
The military history of the United
States is as remarkable as the rise
and rapid growth of the nation itself.
In 1790, as fixed by an act of Con-
gress, the,rank and file of the army
amounted to 1216 !nen, and in 1814
an English expedition with only 3500
men was able to seize and burn Wash-
ington.
Conscription in United States.
Conscription first made its- appear -
elide in the States at the time of the
Civil War. At the beginning of the
war in 1861 the whole regular force
was but 14,000 men. At first the nor-
thern army was increased by volun-
teer- enlistment, but the unexpected
prolongation of the war proved this
method too slow to replenish the
waste of the armies, and in 1863 the
Government resorted to a draft. The
first attempt to carry it out met with
forcible resistance, and led to a seri-
ous riot in the city of New York,
which lasted for several days. All op-
position, however, was put down and
the draft executed with all possible
forbearance and justice. Exemptions
and substitute purchases were so
freely given in the North that the
draft had little effect except as a
stimulus to the States in bringing to
full strength their quotas of volun-
teers by voting bounties.
In the South, however, conscription
was sweeping from the first, and to-
ward the end of the war it became
omnivorous. Every plan between the
ages of seventeen and fifty-five was
legally liable to service, the only lira-
it being physical incapacity.
The total number of men called un-
der arms by the Government of the
United States between April, 1861,
and April, 1865, amounted to more
than 2,759,000, nearly half of this
number being raised by conscription.
If to this we add the 1,100,000 men
from the southern States, the total
armed force of the country at that
time amounted to almost four mil-
lions, drawn from a population of
only thirty-two milliees.
,q ------
Cabbage, angels and Hubbard
squash all make a good winter feed
for poultry.
A one to two-year olcl sod, when
ploughed under, will enrich the soil as
much as would manure applied at the
rate of 10 to 12 tons per acre,
A's/nail boy was stung b„ a nettle.
"Mother," he asked, "If a bee lights
oil a nettle would it sting the bee, or
would the bee sting'it?",
Appetite Finicky and
Fussy? Tempt it with a
light, nutritious food that
helps you to shake off the
shackles of a Winter diet.
Eat Shredded 'Wheat Bis-
cuit with berries and cream
or milk. Two or three Ms -
cults with fruits and green
vegetables make a nourish-
ing, satisfying meal at a
cost of a few cents. Ready-
to-eat—no cookery, no
kitchen worry.
e e';gyps
crit
Made in Canada.
Ilf A Military Model Jl
,
With soldiers dotted all over the
landscape guarding bridges and aque-
ducts, it is not surprising if the style
of their clothes invades the realm of
women's clothes. The military model
with its long cape is developed in
khaki -colored homespun end is just as
practical as it is stylish. McCall Pat-
tern No. 7859, Ladies' and Misses'
Three -in -one Coat; trench -coat, sweat-
er -coat, and cape -coat. Pattern in
3 sizes; small, 82 to 34; mediufti, 36 to
3S; large, 40 to 42, bust. Price, 20
cents.
These patterns may be obtained
from your local McCall dealer or from
the McCall Co., 70 Bond St., Toronto.
Dept W.
probably the very
best food you can
select is
Grape -Nuts.
It contains the
mineral salts and
energy values—all
the nutriment of
whole wheat and
barley—digests
easily and quicldy,
and the flavor is
delicious.
INFANT WELFARE,
Insanitary Conditions Largely Rea
sponsible for High Death Rate,
If insanitation is without influence
on the rate at which children die, how
comes it that towns notoriously in-
sanitary have an infant death rate
four or five times that of clean well -
governed cities, that in the certain
overcrowded slung areas the children
die six times as rapidly as those
in
better class residential districts, that
among 1,000 infants born to unskill-
ed laborers only 700 survivethe first
year of lifewhile out of the same
number of births 960 babies of profes-
sional men reach their first birthday?
If the causative organism of diarr-
hoea and enteritis is to be found in
decomposing filth, particularly that
of human origin, why does the death
rate from these diseases suddenly in-
crease during the third quarter of the
year? The answer has been supplied
by the investigations of Niven and
other workers in the field of preven-
tive medicine, who have . shown that a
prevalence of flies is closely followed
by an increase in the number of
deaths from summer diarrhoea, and
that as the flies disappear, or become..
inactive, the epidemic passes" away.—
Dr. Joseph Cates in Journal of the
e
Royal Sanitary Institute.
LITTLE WORRIES
IN THE IIOME
These Bring the Wrinkles and
Pallid Faces That Make Women
Look Prematurely Old.
Almost every woman at the head
of a home meets daily many little
worries in her household affairs. The
care oe her little ones, the work
about the house all contribute to
these worries. Most of them may
be too small to notice an hour after-
wards., but they constitute a constant
strain that affects the blood and the
nerves and make women look prema-
turely old. The effect of these little
worries may be noticed in sick or ner-
vous °headaches, fickle appetite, tired-
ness after slight exertion, and the
coming of wrinkles which every wo-
man dreads. To those thus afflicted
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills offer a speedy
cure; a restoration of color to the
cheeks, brightness to the eye, a hearty
appetite and a sense of freedom from.
weariness. Among the many thou-
sands of Canadian women Who have.
fouedenew healtleand. atren'gth'through,
these 'pills is . Mrs. G. Strasser, Acton,
West, Ont., who says:—"I am the
mother of three children and after
each birth I became terribly run down;
I had weak, thin blood, always felt
tired, and unable to • do my household
work. After the birth of my third
child I seemed to be worse, and was
very badly run down. I found the
greatest. benefit from the Pills and
soon gained my old time strength.
Indeed after taking them I felt as
well as inmy girlhood, and could take
pleasure in my work. I also used
Baby's Own Tablets for my little ones
and have found them a splendid medi-
cine for childhood ailments."
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills are sold by
all dealers in medicine, or you can
procure them by mail at 50 cents a
box or six boxes for $2.50 from The
Dr. Williams' Medicine Co., Brock-
ville, Ont.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF ARMY.
Faithful to His Master Until Death
and Afterwards.
An officer in the Canadian forces,
Maj. Edgar, now serving in Flanders,
tells the following affecting story of a
clog's love and fidelity. The dog was
an Irish terrier, whose home with a
French family was destroyed when
the Germans came. He fled from the
ruined house and the dead bodies of
the people he had loved, and sought
refuge with, one of the British regi-
ments. Here one of the kindly Tom-
mies adopted him and named him
Army. The kindly Tommy was killed.
subsequently, and the dog stationed
himself, a lonely watcher, at his
grave.
Other soldiers who came there
found and cared for him; and when
they were killed or had retired, still
others became his guardians. He lov-
ed them all, but he never forgot his
first soldier friend and master, or
failed to watch by his grave. He re-
mained on guard all through the win-
ter, and one morning he was found
frozen to death there.
After Army had died, the authori-
ties gave permission for him to be
buriedbeside the master to whom he
had been so faithful, and there in
Flanders is the big grave with the lit-
tle one beside it; and the dog's name
as well as that. of his master is in-
scribed upon the cross that marks
their last earthly resting place.
When washing heavy clothes (like
overalls or children's jumpers) which
are badly soiled, it will be found easier
to place them on the wash -board and
use a scrubbing -brush.
SATISFIED MOTHERS
No other medicine gives as great,
satisfaction to mothers as does Baby's
Own Tablets, These Tablets are
equally good for the newborn babe or
the growing child, They are absolute-
ly free from injurious drugs and can-
not possibly do harm—always good.
Concerning them Mrs. Jos, Morneau,
St, Panl.phile, Que. writes: "'I have
used Baby s own Tablets and am well
satisfied with them and would use no
other medicine for xaly little ones."
The Tablets are sold by medicine deal-
ers or by mail at 25 cents a box from
T ,
he Dr. Williams Medicine Co,,
Brockville, Ont.
Her First Journey.
Margaret, 5 years pld, was travel-
ing for the first time. She sat as if
entranced by the view from. the car
window.
Her father, noticing the rapt expres-
sion on her face as the train sped
along, said:
"What do you think of it, Mar-
garet?"
She replied: "Ob, father! It is just
like a picture book, only you don't
have to turn the pages."
Minnrd'8 Liniment Curets Diphtheria.
Reclaiming Waste Paper.
A process, known as the Jasperson
de -inking process, by which the
printing ink is removed, has been de-
veloped for the reclamation of print-
ed papers. This will permit of old
newspapers, magazines, etc., being
utilized for the making of newsprint.
Previously, this material could be
used only for the making of the
rougher grades of paper, where the
ink content was not a drawback. The
application of this process should be
a further incentive to the saving of
waste paper.
After Th
Taro Eyes for s q.lfotirae
Mnrine is for Tired Eye!).
I ed Byes — Sore IDdos
p(��it¢t, ■r lbt9(i��Ii—rids, ears
!!9� ®v NintincioaFaxorktAireg
meat tgr eyes thutfoe1Ai7
and smart. Give your Dyes as much etyourlb ng
care as your Teeth and with trio same regularity.
Caro for Them. You Cannot Buy New Eyes!
Sold et Drag and Opiical Bunce Or by 12tiiL Asr
ldurine Ere Remedy Co., Chicano, for (Free ll60k
How About Frying 'Em?
The aged Admiral was well known
for his powers of exaggeration. At
supper one night he was describing a
thrilling voyage.
`-While" cruising in the Mediterra-
Pillan," he . said, "we passed an island
. ..iJ:.. u.� , . ::.,.
'e'h'was red with la'bster�,.r
"But;"" said one of the politely in-
credulous guests, "lobsters are not red
until, boiled."
"Of course not," said the undaunt-
ed Admiral, "but this was a volcanic
island with boiling springs?"
Minard's Liniment Cures Distemper.
Substitute for Potatoes
Small 'vied peas called "carilns," or
maple peas, are now being eaten as
substitutes for potatoes in the north of
England. They are cooked like mar-
rowfat peas, soaked overnight and
boiled for twenty-five minutes the next
day. In . early times "carlins" were
eaten very generally on Carlin or,
Passion Sunday. They are light
brown color outside and cream colored
under the skin and sell for from eight
to twelve cents a pound, much less
than beans and peas.
MONEY ORDER
SEND a Dominion Express Money
Order.. Five dollars costs three cents.
A New Excuse
Teacher—And why are you so late,
Frankie?
Frankie—If you please, teacher, it is
mother's washing day. She lost the
lid of the boiler, so I have been sit -
tin' on the top to keep the steam in.
Minard's Liniment Cures Garget in Cows
Experiments in the use of lalang
grass for paper pulp have been suc-
cessfully carried out in Australia.
There are -millions of tons of lalang
grass growing in Queensland. It
produees three crops a year, and is
considered a curse to the. country. It
resembles esparto grass and, when
dried, yields as high as 60 per cent.
of first-class paper -making pulp,
EARTHQUAKES IN„JAPAN,
Frequent Earth Tremors Inter f er
With Development of Waterpower.
It is well known that japan .'ha
a great number of waterfalls whit
would be of material value in the de
veloprnent of the country. But th
reason these valuable sources of pow
er are not being developed is because
of the dangers of earthquakes, whicl
are constantly confronting the peoplt
of that country. More than one
within recent years have steps' beer
taken with the view of constructin@
dams in order that these falls might
be utilized when some demonstratioi
of the earth has given warning of tht
danger of such a step, and the pro
motors have been forced to abandon
or greatly modify the proposed im'
provement.
Minard's Liniment Co., Limited.
Dear Sirs This fall I got throw'
on a fence and hurt my chest very
bad, so. I could not work and it hur
me to breathe. I tried all kinds of
Liniments and they did me no good.
One bottle of MINARD'S LINI-
MENT, warmed on flannels and appli-
ed on my breast, cured me completely.
C. H. COS'SABOOM.
Rossway, Digby Co., N. S.
Two-thirds of the world's cor-
respondence is in the English lan-
guage.
Use all the cereal foods possible.
Their protein is quite as valuable as
animal food protein, and cheaper.
QUEEN'S
UNIVERSITY
KINGSTON
ONTARIO
"µ,»l ARTS
MEDICINE EDUCATION
APPLIED SCIENCE
Mining, Chemical, Civil, Mechanical and
glectrical F.,neeneering.
HOME STUDY
Arta Course by correspondence. Degree
with one year's attendance.
Summer School Navigation School
July and August December to April
15 GEO. Y. CHOWN, Registrar
SALESMAN WANTED
Lubricating 011, Grease, ” Specialties,
Paint. Part or whole time. Commission
basis until ability is established. Per-
manent position and wide field when
Qualified if desired, Man with rig pre-
ferred. Deliveries from Ontario ware-
houses,
GENERAL REPINING CO.,
Cleveland, Ohio.
When buying your , Piano
insist on having an
I' OTTO HKGELys
PIANO ACTION
BOOK ON
DOG DISEASES
And How to Feed
4s,?+1 i M'siled free to any address by
America's the Author
Pioneer H. CLAY GLOVER CO., Inc.
Bog Remedies 118 West 31st Street, New York
Will reduce Inflamed, Strained,
Swollen Tendons, Ligaments,
orMuscles. Stops the lameness and
pain from a Splint, Side Bone or
Bone Spavin. No blister, no hair
gone and horse can be used. $2 a
bottle at druggists or delivered. De.
scribe your case for special instruc.
tions and interesting horse Book 2 M Free.
! BSQRiNE, JR., the antiseptic liniment for
mankind, reduces Strained, Torn Liga-
ments, Swollen Glenda, Veins or Muscles!
}teals Cuts, Sores, Ulcers. Allays pain. Prier
01.00 n bottlent dealers or delivered. Book -Evidence" free.
W. F. YOUNG, P. 6. F., 510 Lymana Bldg, Montreal, Gan,
tlbsorblae and Absorblee, Jr.. ars made is Dodd.
WITH THE FINGERS!
SAYS CORNS LIFT OUT
WITHOUT ANY PAIN
Sore corns, hard corns, soft corns or
any kind of a corn can shortly be lift-
ed right out with the fingers if you
will apply on the corn a few drops of
freezone, says a Cincinnati authority.
At little cost one can get a small
bottle of freezone at any drug store,
which will positively rid one's feet of
every corn or callus without pain or
soreness or the danger of infection.
This new drug is an ether com-
pound, and dries the moment it is ap-
plied and does not inflame or even ir-
ritate the surrounding tissue. Just
think! You can lift off your corns
and calluses now without a bit of pain
or soreness. If your druggist hasn't
freezone he can easily get a dial: bot-
tle for you from his wholesale drug
house.
n
t
N 0 .L M
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�r ar'ivrW?ts,
itx.xxiP glum
`-,- olimilluesompolioa„1
sYHElviir l UT, Meg
i
I
L
1
i
L
Lhqt..
R7.
�xx •�,G
•, $1(I
V,
MADE IN CANADA
Hopeful Dorothy.
"What's your name, little girl?”
"Dorothy,"' .
. '.But what's your last name?"
"I don't know what it will be..I'n
not married yet."
Minard's Liniment Cures Colds, Etc.
Household Hints for June Brides.
Everything's gone up in price.
This is very good advice:
Think of bills, and save the rice.!
POB SALE
ARM 480 ACRES, 320 UNDER CUL•
P
IIL' tivation, good building::, $22.00 per
acre... John Scott, Whitewood, Sas-
katchewan.
NEWSPAPERS POS. SALE
PROFIT-MAKING NEWS AND JOB
$ Offices for sale in good Ontario
towns. The most useful and interesting
of all businesses. Full information on
application to Wilson- Publishing Corn -
MAY, 78. Adelaide St., Toronto.
MISCEra.-Ammons
CANCER, TUMORS, LUMPS, ETC.,
internal and external, cured with-
out pain by our home treatment. Write
us before too late. Dr: Bellman Medical
Co., Limited, Collingwood, Ont.
£UTONLOBZE.nls E'On 5AX.
rrl UD:EQPE, 5 -PASSENGER, 4-CYLIN-
JL der Touring Car, in good running
order. This car has been painted an
varnished thle season. Prloe $900.
f UDSON. 1916 MODEL, 6 CYLIN,
der, 7 Passenger Touring Car. Elec-
tric lights and starter. Recently over-
hauled and newly painted. Tires in good
shape. Price $1,300.
HUDSON 1915 MODEL, 6 CYLIN.
der, 7 Passenger Touring Car, with
electric lights and starter. Thoroughly
overhauled in our shop and newly paint.
ed. Seat eovere on all seats and doors.
Oversize tires. Price $1,260.
11f1UDSON, MODEL 87,4 PASSENGER.
..L.1.. 4 cylinder Touring Car. Iiileetria
lights and starter,,_1a..t O.od,.tttnraing• ard,T".
and newly painted. Looks 111te::a'new
car. Price $650.
DUGE SEDAN. A VERY PINE
k�f+C looking closed car seating five
leotric lights and starter, also inside
dome light. Nearly all the windows
open, which gives ample ventilation for
summer driving. Price $700..
CH A L MER S, 7 -PASSENGER, 4-
V Cylinder Touring Car. Electric
starter, tires practically new, demount-
able rims, one spare tire. Price $300.
UDSON 1918 MODEL "54." A HIGH
AL Powered, rix cylinder, 6 passenger
Touring Car. In good running order and
looks like new. Price 6750.
1 TUDEBACI ER, SEVEN PASSEN-
K:3 ger, 4 cylinder Touring Car, in good
running order. Tires in good shape.
lhis oar was painted this year and looks
very nice. Prioe 3350.
:JACKSON, 5'PASSENGE.R, 4 CYLIN-
e5 der Touring Car, Has electric lights
and starter, good tires, and is a bargain
at the price, $300.
We only sell used cars after the pur-
chaser has had a demonstration and
satisfied himself of the running .quali-
ties of the car he is buying. Call at our
showroom next time you are in Toronto
and let our salesmen show you any of
our used cars and give you a demonstra-
tion.
TEE DOMINION AUTOMOBILE CO.
Limited
140-160 Bay Street. Toronto, Ont.
CRISIS OF
WUMMPS UE
Change Safely Passed by
Taking Lydia E. Pinkhan's
Vegetable Compound.
Wagoner, Okla.—"1 never get tired
of praising Lydia E. Pinkham's Vege-
table Compound
because during
Chane of Life I
was 111 bed two
years and had two
operations, but all
the doctors and op-
erations did me no
good, and I would
have been in niy
grave today had it
not been for Lydia
E. Pinkham's `eg-
etable Compound
which brought me out of it all right, so
I am now well and do all my housework
besides working in my garden. Several
of niy neighbors have got well by tak-
ing
ak
ingLydia E.rn..
Pinkham'sVegetable Co
pound. Mrs. VIOLA FINICAL, Wagon-
er, Okla.
Such warning symptoms as sense of
suffocation, hot flashes,headaches, back-
aches, dread of impending evil, timidity,
sounds in the ears, palpitation of the
heart, sparks before the eyes, irregu-
larities, constipation, variable appetite
weakness and dizziness should be heeded`
by middle-aged women. Lydia E. Pink -
ham's Vegetable Compound has carried
mairy women safely through the crisis,
1