The Herald, 1915-01-29, Page 5.;:wSTT
THE AN
'- 'T t liar .inas of cereals. 'What it mayj�g(�
of T (1u tinder imbarnperea,t 13r•itistt e n !ERMA t}
1'iU) E(" N)Ri.:i'I'E 1S 'i':#:N"T.#
MOUNT TO ;#\ NE(.:#TION.
ltlarlo Another Milestone hi Long
Iliator;t• of Land of
I'httrottltle.
•
Among the startling events of the
war it was easy to lose sight of one
most significant recent happening-- -
the .announcement of a 13ritish pro-
teotorate over Egypt, says the Min-
neapolis Be]lman, The thing leas
done without flourish of trumpets,
without even much press exploita-
tion, but none the less it was one
of the most important steps that
Great Britain has taken in a long
Hine.
That the change was one r^.the
of form than of fact is true enough
England has virtually controlle
Egypt since Wolseley defeated th
revolting military class at Tel -el
Kebir in 1882. Practically -all o
Egypt's prosperity to -day is due tc
the work done under the directio
of one of the greatest figures in
British colonial history. Lord Cro-
mer, of whose resignation in 1907
Sir Edward Grey said, "It was the
greatest personal loss which the
public service of Great Britain
could suffer." Too much British
blood has been shed in Egypt since
1880,- and too inuch British capital
invested in public -works there, to
permit of much uncertainty as to
its real control. -
Control of the Suez Canal.
r
d
e
n
Yet the British position in Egypt
has always been anomalous. It was
a great day in British history when
Disraeli, taking shrewd advantage
of the hopeless extravagance of Is -
snail Paella, bought for the British
government 176,002 Suez Canal
shares, but it was likewise the be-
ginning of .a period of serious con-
• plications. That the control of the
canal meant eventual control of
Egypt was certain, but France
claimed its share in the manage-
- meat of Egyptian affairs, Turkey
was openly annoyed at any attempt
to limit its authority within its -own
imperial domain, many of the
Egyptians themselves regarded
British interference as a !blow at
Islam, :and in the Soudan the_
italtdi refused to be controlled by
anybody.
French influence in Egypt, so long
as it continued at :all, was an ef-
fective barrier to British control,
and the famous Fashoda incident of
1898 nearly brought on a Franco -
British war. It is safe to say that
nothing less than the fear of Ger-
many. bringing about the under•
standing of 1904 between France
and England, could have quite made
:possible the -complete recognition by
the French of British authority in
Egypt. As it is, however, Egypt
is one England's new prizes, won
through the French alliance.
Where 'Kitchener Won Honor.
The most violently disaffected
among the Egyptians were subdued
by the guns of the British fleet and
the (bayonets of Wolseley's regi-
• ments ; the mass of the a people
learned the advantages of peace and
prosperity h om Lord Cromer, But
it was a long day before the Sou-
dan was )brought by British troops
under the rule of et Turkish vice-
roy. The miserable failures of 1882-
1885•=• -Riots Paella's army annihil-
ated at El Obeid, Baker's force cut
to ,pieces at El Te.b, Gordon left by
a vacillating government to die at
i.Khartotvm--were at .last followed
by the victories which won for Lord
Kitohener his title, and by 1900 re-
. sistance in the Soudan was at an
end.
So rnuoh England. could accom—
plish while Egypt was nominally
part of the. Turkish Empire, but
there restrained a. dangerous encs which could never be thorough-
ly resisted. Turkish control had
brought on Egypt most of its tnis-
Sties; .and'Turkish diplomacy''was
ever seeking an excuse to insist on
'S the British evacuation of Egypt.
' Whenever the cry 'of. ;pan -Islamism
was raised Turkish emissaries were
at hand to stir up fanaticism against
the English. Finally, as the league
between. Germany and Turkey be -
'Same more and ,more ,apparent,
•there arose a new peril to 'British
authority in Egypt, Do :Horses Like War'?
An Important Step. A cavalry horse, in most casea,
enjoys a battle guile as ranch asitsmaster does, aind whine waiting far
the order to be given to charge it
will stamp and chafe impatiently,
When eelea+sed it dashes forward
nuttily, and on coming into cantata
with the enemy, rears and plunges,
tr+,l ca.n clnly be guessed. at,
Egypt has occ'upiecl a uniquelelaee
in ltistury for a• natter .af three
t'hoesand years, and for )nose of
that pace despite the .fact that ii.
has not governed itself. Persian
and Greek, Raman. .bab and 'fork
have railed it. and wore wars leave
leen fought u!•er it than over anv
(Aber piece of land in the world.
Seemingly it has gone backward ra•
t•hcr than forward- _brickyard,. that
is,. until lately Western Europe
took a hand in its affairs. The Brit-
ish protectorate marks tbc- !regio
ning of a new chapter i,11. its swam
ing
lra t-
int;• histnry and in likely i•te prove
.not the -least of the e results of the
European war.
matter, Mr. Lomax says that before
, ---- , • the war the Russian generals Were
I:Tl1'.i11i'I'.iN7` DISCO'l.li'i;., better known than the German gen.
erals, some of them being fatn.ous as;
T 'i'tto ;toted twt•naertiIN,
RU Si!111[KE 1.S
(1313.# I N 11' 111; ti .# 16 f, LEADING
+ 7'Ills 4"/..#Il"S 1.O8('1;S«
The Grant! 'Untie N.it•holat1 18 a Ilia ,
of the )1. es. t Forceful Per-
sonality.
Not much is known outside of
.Russia e•unuerning the generals whc,
urs leading the great Russian
armies, and the . facts. collected by
Bylaw Lomax in Petrograd arid
communicated 'to the .Philadelphia
'Ledger are unusually interesting.
1)espite popular ignorance upon the
Surgery Is Aided By Use of tin
great. authorities on various branch
of warfare. The commander -ha
1'PIel)hone. chief is the Grand 1.)uke Nicholas.
The use of the telephone as ail aid Because he happens to be a near ••---
1,ene•ral Alexander ]3rlt-lluff, \a •ho
' 11111am)ac against the Austrian
ll.anl „n the ':l�spe of -the Mid-Calepraline's. is fetid to be the e�e:Hhat,
boldest a11id neat unaparrrlg „t' -the
llla•.si'rn 1 enteralµ. Ha is a believeri1, 11u, fraafar] altaa•k. eSltich he halals
to lm, aa the whole, les et tly Hawthe more seamier flanking assault,
appellee 1t is over quicker and re-
quires fewer noir. In time of pease -
,e dovut•e41 tli art and poet t!
ll t zki. the oonquerar -of (xalieia, IR
the most popular of the Russian •
generale. He is the 1,wture que.
ehivalrotas figure, who iSesies note- '
hl' adttreeses to his troops and fires
them with fanatit•al zeal. -Before ,
lite not' he !vas e nsidered a mere
theorise. but as such etc•cupiecl the
highest rank in .Europe, He hasproved himself a daring- commander
in the field. and is credited with 1
ues.
having rn+are imagination than arae
of his enlleag
ATM OSP tiERE CURIO Si'I'1ES.. i
to surgery by cummunicatiug to relation of the C'zar's there is a Beautiful Phenomena Are gains-,
the operator the noise of contact of popular notion that he occupies hi., times Observes!.
knife, forceps or probe with foreign present important position by fa C'1crac1 caps form on mountain tops
bodies imbedded in the flesh has vor and not by merit. This is a p
perfectedby mistake, for the Gran] Duke .haswhen a current of moist ,air ascends o
been discovered and the stupe of the mountain, for the ,
been recognized for many years as
Sir James Mackenzie Davidson, one of the most forceful persona]i- air cools as it rises and the moisture
who says his method will do much ties in. Russia. He has been a close
to simplify military surgery, adviser of the Czar's, and has been
The X-ray, says Sir James, has a soldier from boyhood. Re was
serious limitations. It shows the president of the committee that con -
presence of the foreign body, but trolled all naval and military af-
gives an idea of the depth this body fairs for Russia at the time of the
has penetrated or of its relation to Russo-Japanese War, and 'while,
the parts among which it has lodg- remembering the Russian blunders
ed. Surgeons often fail to find the in that war, this may seem no great
object seen in silhouette on the fluo- certificate of military efficiency,
rescent screen. there is reason to believe that the
Itis not necessary to have a man chief. Russian disasters were. due to
full: of shrapnel brought from the a disregard of his advice. '
trenches to demonstrate the use of The Granit Duke.
the telephone in surgery, as a po-
tato and a nail do quite as well. Nicholas desired to take charge
The surgeon uses a double pair of of the Manchurian campaign, but
receivers, such as worn by wireless the Czar objected on the ground
operators. One of the telephone that defeat for him would bring re-
wires is atta•.obed to a piece of plati- sponsibility for disaster too close rto
num ,foil. In a real operation this the House of Romanoff. Nicholas
foil i I lel i 1 , said that -the chief weakness f
s to n p ace on the o patients ne o
skin by plaster or bandage. In the Ruropatkin was lack of nerve, that
experiment the potato is dipped in- he could not bring himself to fight a
to salt water and placed on the foil. therefo ,bbe, He .twasdh, replai,eed,
To the end of the other telephone therefore, by - ce ofttitt, who and
wire is attached a .small sterilized Puke, the ut lacked ou c G>s id
silver wire, which in turn is made nbut opportunity.
-his quickness
fast to the knife, probe, needle or seizing an themselvesopAbsoluteen
forceps used in sounding the wound confidence in asthas been a
eharactemistzc of mast great sol -
or incision. diers. None of them had +more than
When -the surgeon's instrument the Grand Duke. At the outset he
touches metal, whether in flesh or made' it plain to hitstaff that its,
in a potato, a distinct and murals- function was to advise him and not
takabde grating noise xesults. This decide things. He is not very popu-
means the foreign body is discover- lar with his officers. He treats
ed. them distantly, but he moves the
There exists a popular fallacy that Russian soldier, ,and is in turn
it is necessary to remove not, only loved by the peasants. While a
bullets but every scrap of metal soldier may abjectly address a lieu-
ramthe
,
wound. d tenant But e- na t
tt a silence as Ha h-
Wellborn-
h.as shown that the human body he will speak of the eornroander-in-
does not mind a little metal, and -chief as "gather," and the Grand
the removal of bullets is often too Duke in turn speaks of the soldiers
dangerous to attempt, as his "children."
A Real Fighting General.
A NEUTRAL'S OPINION. Grand Duke Nicholas is, in fact, '
a rather rough, tough sort of oom-
When the •German AArnly yvin Be ed. When his generals blunder ib
Worn Out. is said that he gives vent to his emo-
wander, choleric, but warm -heart -
General Riccotti Garibaldi, inter-
viewed by a representative of the
Messaggero, said, telegraphs the
Press Association Rome corre-
spondent, that, like many other fa-
therswhose sons have !fallen, must
sink his paternal grief and think
only of the best means of terminat-
ing a struggle which took humanity
2,000 or 3,000 years backward, He
thought it would take six or seven
months more for the German army
to be worn out. He added: "Who-
ever has had experience of war
knows that the soldiers of war do
not resist the hardships and emo-
tions of a eampaign beyond five or
six months. Germany is now pre-
paring a• new army, which will suc-
cumb within this period. My fa-
ther was so convinced of this pheno-
menon that one day during the war
off£ 1870 he ordered me to give 20
day's' leave to abody of sharpshoot-
er --s, who on returning were thus
able to sustain several months more
fighting. Those sharpshooters,
though veterans: were exhausted,
but the Prussians are still mere ex-
hausted, Titat is why my father op-
posed the conclusion of peace, be-
lieving that a few more months' war
would be sufficient to crt:tsh the
enemy, just as today the armies of
the Entente are crushing the Ger-
mans,'' •
. The announcement of a protector-
ate is tantarnottnt to the • annexa-
tion of Egypt as a self-governing
eoldny. As a safeguard to the'Brit-
t'sh road• to India the step is of im-
mense importance.Doanoinr:rally it
luta ai,ways' been a land at vast poo
lential retail:Me:a In 1910 it pro-
duced : nearly font • htitndred 'thous-
tnd tone of ,iu'tton and sixteen roil -
striking and biting the
.. ofppasng
lorses savagely. Often, ater its
s
Owner has fallen, a horse will eon -
time the oharge riderless.
tions by "'cussing thein out." More
than once in the course of the pre-
sent campaign he has had brought
before him privates soldiers who
have distinguished themselves in
battle, and has publicly kissed
them. He plans his campaign some
80 miles behind the fighting line,
and as soon as he has come to Itis
decision he goes to the front in his
automobile. Several times he has'
been .actually under fire, to the
great alarm of ;his staff, but the
Grand Duke seems to delight in the
thunder of the great guns.. It is
said that if the Russian ranks
should show a disposition, to waver
1n it condenses, On the fiat top of
Table Mountain, near Capetown, a
strong southeast wind produces a
horizontal sheet of aloud known as
the "tablecloth," This cloud often
appears to pour over the steep lee-
ward side of the mountain like a
mighty cataract. The "spreading
of the tablecloth" is a sign of bad
weather. At a little distance from.
the mountain a second cloud often
forms. A similar pair of clouds of-
ten seen near Cross Fell, in Eng-
land, are known as the "helm .and
bar." The helm, or helmet, foams
over the mountain when a violent
wind, known es the 'heimwind," is
blowing; the bar appears a mile or
two to leeward.
At Callao, ,on the .coast of Peru,
sailors often encounter a foul-smell-
ing fog that deposits a brown slimy
coating on white paint and metal,
and hence is called the "painters."
Another remarkable fog on the
Peruvian coast is; known as the
garua. It occurs in a region where
rain is unknown, and supplies suffi-
cient moisture to support vegeta-
tion. Red fogs frequently occur off
the northwest 'coast of Africa, be-
tween the Canaries and the Cape
Verde Islands. They are sometimes
so dense as to make navigation diffi
milt. The color is owing to dust
that the trade wind brings from the
Sahara desert.
Certain valleys in the Alps are of-
ten visited by a very warm and dry
wind known as the foam. The ef-
fects of this wind are particularly
striking in winter. The snow melts
and evaporates as if by magic ;
woodwork bee m
o ess
a dry as tin-
der; and great precautions are ne-
cessary to prevent the occurrenoe
of the disastrous fires known as
"fohn-fires" that often destroy
whole, towns and villages. No cook-
ing is permitted while the fothn is
blowing, and not even a pipe or a
cigarette may be lighted. Many
persons suffer with "fohn-sickness"
whenever this wind prevails. The
aliinook of the West is similar in
character and origin to the fohn.
Over the waters of the Bay of
Ohaleu•r, an Canada, a mysterious
phenomenon Inseam as the "fire
-ship" is sometimes ween by night..
It is a roughly hemispherical mass
of luminosity, with its. fiat side to
the water; but sometimes it rises in
slender moving columns that resem-
ble the flaming rigging of a ship.
It is supposed to foretell a stoma,
No satisfactory explanation of this
phenomenon has ever been given.
"Andes ,lightning" is the name
given to a very strilang luminous
all that is necessary, -,a;, turn them i discharge sof electricity seen over
into welds of steel is 'tti• send the the crest of the Andes, in Chile, in
whisper along that "Father Nichu- I a. region where ordinary thunder -
las" is coming. 'storms are almost unknown. The
A Studentof Warfare mountains ,appear to act as gigan-
• i tic lightning rads, between ward.
His chief of .staff is a. young man land the clouds silent discharges
of poor physique and • unmilitary, take place on a vast scale. A eon -
appearance. Thos is Yanushkovitch,
a Pole. He is not the fighting man
that the Grand Duke is, but a scien-
tific soldier who. studies war as a
man might ;study a game of chess.
He is credited with having planned
the present plan of campaign, al-
though the Grand Duke has modi-
fied some of his suggestions. He and
the commander-in-chief are said to
have differed radically as .regards
the invasion of Eat Prussia. Nicah-
olas, however, had a political motive winks below the opposite horizon,
in view. He ordered the raid whioh and for a •few minutes the peaks,
penetrated as inc as Konigsberg with •their rocks area snows, have a
and kltlenstein to relieve the press livid ,appearance; then gradually
sure upon the Allies in Flanders. they arelighted up with a second
It sehieved this end, but one of its rasy grow, and this may last for as
results .wasthe disaster at Tanen- much as an hour, after sunset. 'Phis
burg, where the Russian General is called the "recolaratzon of tlhe
Sant- onoft was ' killed . and nearly Alps, er in the ease of the giant
our array sorra wiped out of exis-
enee; because the `matin •advancs
n Posta' and Breslatt eras not
ready, • After; this battle the chief
f staff ;offered 'tris resignation to
?e Morand Doke, but it was not .ac-
tznuous glow is seen about the sum-
mits, with occasional outbursts like
the beams of a •great searchlight.
These .displays have been ;seen by
vessels three hundred milesfrom
mast.
ast,
Among the allow -clad Alps a curi-
ous
and beautiful phenomenon is
sometimes observed at the close of
the day, The rosy illu.tninationof
the mountain summits passes away,
from below upward, . as the sun
t
0
tl
•
of the group, the "i'esurreetion •ef
Mont f3liante." The whole series of
phenomena is called the "A1,7ren-
glow.
--.
Home-made charity bears . other
brands.
SIR t`1.1"4'1, i'i#l;[,>;�IPSe 'l'O(}LI;`i'
Ilontt•ed by Knighthood for
1inneel a1Ia n.
Tin- knighthood bestowed upon
t'ai,taiu ('live Phillips -Wooley, of
a l 1ria. tat is a reward of artae-
ul,at(• nn I a•etive Imperialism. Sir
t'iive lra�, born in England in 1/354.1',Fr sonnet years he was J3ritiela con
-
:(,ll -
,ll tt iserielt. Afterwards he prae-
1feed law in London, moving to
Y-ietx,ria a hon 11e retired from prae-
tire. He hi -twigs to a very old
Shropshire family, the Wooleys of
Wei ciltal.l, vx etee sante and arras bea :ruined on succeeding to their
estates thirty years ago„ his own
name being Phillips. He was at
ane time a captain in the 4th battal-
lion S. W. 13., and he married in
1a„ 9 a clang•hter of Rear -Admiral
Fenwick.
Before moving to Canada Sir
did a great deal of big -game
hunting all over the world and the
late It D. Blackmore, author of
'lama thought his book
"Sport in the Crimea and Caucas-
us,- the only living picture of life
in those romantic ].ands. His ""Big
Gane," in two volumes, in the Bad-
minton Library, also form one of
the sportsmen's olaseics.
As a sportsman Sir Clive has clone
more than anyone else to make
British Oolumbia known as a big -
game paradise, and he has been
very active in public affairs in the
coast Province: For example, be
w*as appointed in 1896 to enforce the
Health Act in the mining districts
of British Columbia, and succeeded
conspicuously in this arduous
undertaking.
Sir Clive Phillips -Wooley ranks
high among Canadian authors. He
Sir Clive Phillips -Wooley.
has written a great deal of stirring
patriotic poetry, and his ballad of
England's sea power, "The Sea
Queen," is often referred to as, a
fine expression in verse of Imperial-
istic sentiment, In his three nov-
els, "Snap," "Gold, Gold in Cari-
boo," and "The Remittance Man,"
he has given us excellent pictures
of the making of the far Canadian
West. He has been a very strong
advocate of Canadian support for
the British navy, and his addressee
on "The Canadian Naval Question"
were published in book form in 1911
at his own expense. His,arguments
were summed up ni follows in one
of ,thes.e -addresses: "The suprem-
acy of the seas is vital to Britain;
the continued existence of Britain
is vital to her daughter nations;
therefore Britain's supremacy at
sea is vital to Canada."
Sir Clivi Pltildps-`Voolay has also
been very active in the -affair s of the
Canadian Navy Leagues. He was
recently appointed by the Dominion
Government a censor and special
Government officer on the Pacific
coast. His son was naval command-
er of the Hogue, one of the British
cruisers torpedoed in the North Sea
last September by a German sub-
marine.
The Domestic Machin.
Mr. Meek was laboriously hook-
ing up the back of his wife's even-
ing dress just as the clock was
striking their dinner hour and
their dinner guests were ringing the
door ball. Mr. Meek (breathed hard ;
his forehead was damp and his
hands shook.
"I do wish some one would in-
vent a mtaohine to do this kind of
work!" he muttered miserably.
"°Why they have'.. replied his
wife, brightly, as she applied some
powder nonchalantly to her nose,
"They have, and you are it!"
"Olf oourse, I don't wish to put
any obstacle its the: way of your get-.
ting married," a mistress said to
her servant, "but T, wish it were
ppooem ,le for ,yqu to pas'tpane it un..
til I get another maid." • `Well,.
mum," Mary Ann replied, '•I 'artily
think I know 'im well enough to
arsk an to put t off."
AWAKENING G DR0110!IJ H
GE;1i:11A N Y'S (1.11.13,(:'!,'1:,3 CRI',
Vial "BRITAIN.
When Teutons Learned Their A
Was Stopped They
• Awoke..
Writing upon Germany's 'ince
hatred of Britain with its fore
Charles N. Wheeler, special -•cora
spondent of the Chicago Tribun
writing from Aachen, German
says:
"At the outset of the war tl
Germans set about their task wi
a precision and completeness th,
amazed the world. The intensit
of the hatred toward England wa
not nursed among the German pe
pie at home until after the Belgian
had stayed the mighty horde lona
enough to permit England to reel
!its forces aoross the Channel anee.
•formthe junction with the French.
A11 Germany believed for day:
that Paris had fallen ; that the Eng
lish channel was in the possessioi
of Von Tirpitz's dreadnoughts.
There was rejoicing in the father-
land.
Fail to Invest Paris.
• "Then came the awakening.
news percolated through sor
despite censoring, of course •
that something had happened
miles this side of Paris, that
was not in the possession of e..
Uh.lans, that the great gray line 0.
the invading infantry had been
pushed back. Finally it dawned
upon the ;people of Germany that
Paris had been saved from invest-
ment. Germany awoke to learn
that for forty days the .conquering
imperial army, the terror of half a
dozen nations, the wibeatable Uh-
lan and his lance, had been stopped.
Public Opinion Directed.
"Now comes the psyehology of
directing public opinion in the
fatherland. The people did not
want excuses, but a justification
and a new patriotism. The Govern-
ment gave it to them. England was
blamed for the antagonistic senti-
ment among the neutrals. The Lon-
don press just at this moment was
picturing the devastation of Bel-
gium with all the powers of lan- -._:
- ua a and ascribing to.
g g g the Ger
mans crimes o£ the most drea.df
• ` nature, culminating in the "Tie
I straw"—{the epithets "Huns`' a
"barbarians."
"The word 'Hun' simply caus..
the average German to go straight
up in the air.
Iiave seen hate de-
picted on frees before in my lite,
but I never saw such a•s this.
Arouses New Patriotism.
.'The Germans have been taught
for years that England was jealous
of Teutonic commercial growth and
that England would sooner or later
make war on Germany beeanse of
the ahnighty dollar aspeet a .lune,
There always has been a atilt of
latent dislike for Great Britain. is
required only this last eampaign of •
resistance against the Hun epithet
to arouse a new patriotism in Ger-
many. There is not -this terrible
hate against Trance and Russia --
only against England -and the Japs.
"Accordingly there is one great
stroke the German arni,c can at-
tempt that will. be supported to a
wait at home regardless of the out-
come, a,ud that is -a beeline marc
to the English coast. That is w
the German general staff now 1
pose in my judgment,
ea—
I`.1iO1'GH-TS FOR THE DAY.
It is only your friends and your
enemies that tell yon your fetu.lts.•
Haliburton .
Under all speech that is good for
anything there lies a sil-nee that is
better.—Scott.
A companion tlia1 is eheerfui, aznl
free from swearing and scurrilous
discourse, is worth gold. -1t z11.au
Most people would. succeed in
small thing„ if they .sc re nut (mita
-
led, with great ambitions. Long
fellow,
The words we speak and t:�t•-
things '1'<e do to -day luny serol to
be That, but in the greatfinal. t' -
vealing the steeliest of them wit)
appear,-- Lowell.
Reverence for ager is a fair test ,,f
the.tiigar• of youth: and. •tunvt•r•vee]v.
insolence towards the: sad and the
pasty whether in iitdivtduais ,,r 111
rations, is tt sign ` ti her of Weak
less than of strength.
ey.
r
A titan wli+.1 lame right, ttr•sl sr,,
"ight, has more power in his u'irnee
han: aaotttem la his; wards. saute.
rester is like • bells cvh'wh 1 tg ,Iot
9•weet tn:usie, and which, x tette,
cached aecidenlally exert, i•esuttnsl
with sweet ''ausie•. •Pllillilis Jae ;-k:•.