HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1923-11-29, Page 3Canada s •Topographical Surveys
The Part Played by Maps u the Developmentof the
Dorninion's.Resources.
lueeparably linked up with tlie pro- United Kingdom includes the revision
.grees of, any country is the necessity of certain topographic maps at periods
for suitable mapn which to work respectively of fifteen enars, twenty
out line,s of development, • Canada, years, and fortY years. On the con -
therefore, with, her large, extent of tinent of Earope, Prance, Beigiurnn.
natural resourcee, has a vital need for Germany, and Switzerland are par
maps. Shch =sine to be of the fullest tieularly-well surveyed, India also ha$
Possible value, cannot be mere otit- carried on. for some years, an exten.
liees of physical featurss. They must sive surveying programme and has
present information ,' intimately con- perfected methods now used in other
nected with the resources in qu'estion, parts of the world. le. these countries
factors in favor of or against their. regular programmes' are followed out,
edbnoinical development,. and such various standard scales are used, and
other nearticulars as may be necessary. a partial return, In some eases almost
As a base for such specialized maps the ..entire return,' of the cost of the
• and as aneacijunct.bY itself to most en- survey is obtained by the sale of the
• terprises, it bee -been found that the maps.
true topographical map is of the ut- The uses which may he made of a
niost value, topographic map, showing the shapes
and elevations of land and water
features by contour lines and pictur-
ing artifieial features such as railroads,
highways, and buildings, their rela-
tion to one another and to the land
and water, are many and varied. The
public utility value is evidenced in the
saving of the money necessary for gen-
eral surveys. The assistance of topo-
graphic maps is invaluable in the
study of the general transportation
needs of a district, in the development
of water resources for electrical ener-
gy, the intelligent consideration of
drainage and reclamation problems,
and in the utilization of timber re-
sources and all problems of forest con-
servation and reforestation.
The topographic .map is valued in
other spheres besides that of national
material development. There are edu-
cational uses as in the study of physi-
cal geography in public schools and
eolleges and in the making og relief
models. Popula'r use may be made of
them by the motorist, the tourist, the
Needed .for Industrial Development.
Among the. Canadiann Government
services that have carried on tope-
, graphic surveying the Dominion is
the 'Topographical Survey •of Canada,
'For some time the bulk of the survey -
nig, done by .this branch of the service
was carried on in the newer portions
of Weetern Canada. The need for the
laying 'Out of homestead lands In ad-
vance of settlement was imperative
and, consetitently, these surveys were
made as rapidly aS was consistent with
:accuracy: 'When this'side of the work
• was well advanced, however, the' de-
, mend for maps that would show other
thattires- became pressing. In other
words, thefiret survey was needed for
agricultural settlement and the eecond
for industrial development, and inci-
dentally for tourist traffic now an im-
portant feature of the nation's busi-
ness. As will be seen the use of this
latter clais of surveys is not confined,-
' to the West, but is Dominion wide. In
1919 therefore a topographic survey of
the more settled districts of the West camper, the hunter, and those who, in
vacation, time, seek the great out -on
doors, In the presentation of statis-
tics they may be made the base for
maps giving facts relating to popula-
tion, ludustry, products, and other
similar information. That they may
be utilized for national defence is re-
cognized by all countries, and there
are municipal uses for taxation and
' was begun and this year a similar stir-
- .Vey was started in the Maritime Pro -
vines.
• In Other Countries.
• In the majority of the more progres-
sive countries of the world such sur-
veys have been made. The British
Isles have been entirely surveyed and
the authorized normal programme of
work of the Ordnance Survey of the other purposes.
• Seeds of Great Inventions.
Every electric light in the world,
• from the small pocket torch to huge
advertising signs, owes its existence
to a little ring about six inches in dia-
meter.
• This ring, which is in the Royal In-
stitution Museum in Louden, is that
• from which Faraday, the-great•invent-
Or, obtained; theefirst induetion spark,
thus making; a discovery which is the
basis of our modern electric lighting
• system.
In the same museum is another in-
strument from which great results
sprung. This is Faraday's hand -pump
used in his experiments in turning gas
into liquid. To -day w&accomplisb. the
same feat with the aid of two large
engines working compressors.
Equally interesting is the model
from which Sir Ilunfishry Davy con-
structed the fatuous lamp bearing his
name. Eveeyone has heard of the
Davy safety lamp, used in coal mines
because it will not cause explosions of
• fire -damp, and so on.
• . This lainp was so importaut in the
• mining industry that colltary owners
of Newcastle gave its inventor a sil-
ver dinner service as a recognition of
his great work.
'• The Reyal Inetitution was founded
• by Count Rumford, himself an in-
• ventor. A hundred and twenty years
ago he made the fiI¼t fire grate. This
- grate is in the museum, and it takes
• the attendants there a good two
hours a 'clay to keep the fire in it burn-
ing properly!
• Foretelling Weather Weeks
Ahead.,
Foretelling the weather for weeks
ahead will soon lie possible, according
to „Henry Helm Clayton, who has just
• written a cemprebensive book, "World
• Weather." Dr. Clayton was for twen-
ty years at the famous"Blue Hill Ob-
servatery in the United States, and
his book was . written while- he was
chief of the forecast division of the
Argentine Meteorological
Whlle covering many angles (4
weather orecasting, "World Weather"
lays special Stress on the relation be-
tween solar radiation and terrestrial
conditions, Dr. Clayton tells how he e
has forecast weather week ithead •e
With' success, and adds that soon ex-
perts
will bo able to anticipate a
"weather change.s so far in advance as b
td save much of the lose and distress
_ _
following in the wake of unexpected f
adverse conditions.
Coming from, such an authority,
long dietaries weather forecasts would
appear to be in sight.
•iL
11 t:$‘
or fr
Had a Falling Out
"The porch swing seems to be their
favorite resort—wonder how they're
progressing?"
"Don't you know? They've had a
falling out"•
Three Essentials.
A man who had passed the fiftieth
anniversary of his birthday said: "I
have no home, no wife, no 'children,
because I have never been in a posi-
tion to marry. Everything I have
ever made has slipped away, and I
can't tell you he*.
"I don't waste or squander money in
self-indulgence, but somehow or other
I never could hold on to a few pounds
for very long. Whenever by some
chance I had a little money on hand, a
smooth promoter with a plausible
scheme would come along and get it
away front nee, or I lost it in a similar
way. There must have been a screw
loose in my management of myself
and my affairs, and now it's too late
to start all over again,"
The trouble with this man Is com-
mon to thousands who have ability
and good intentions. They are am
bitious and work hard, yet raid thera-
Selves late in life homeless and almost
pennileas, because they lack judgment,
thrift, and system.
These are three essentials of suc-
cese, and the man who doesn't culti-
vate them certainly has a screw loose.
Self -Control.
It is almost inconceivable that a
ratan fasbioned to dominate the world
hould stiffer himself to go to pieces
vet- the breaking of a shoe lace, or
llowhiniself to be completely upset
y the loss ofa collar stud when dress -
ng, or by a bad cup of coffee at break-
a.st
Yes, We KnoW '
"So you found him quite socialite
and lively, eh?"
"Yea; a regular hale -fellow -well -wet
sort, of ehap, you knew."
Summer iS like a good cook; it
domn't stay long.
•
Why should any grown person allow
the littlap1enlng In his business,
n his hoxne, et- anywbare eis to dis-
turb his serenity or to mar his lite?
•
Why do we suffer suelt things to dis-
turb our peace of mind, to rob us of '
our serenity, to topple over our poise?
It is noteclignified; it is not manly or
Womanly; it is indicative -of a little,
fuse , narrow niind We oug to be
.1,00 big to lose our temper,and go all
to pieces over anything big �r little
that earl happen to be about us.
Kee vour head
uways
ly
th
,ano ,p
when others about you are losing
eirs.
Is --es--
A Loafer, •
"Dmie he work hard?" h
"What, Freddie? lie works about In
sae hard an a sundial does on a eland s
day,"•' I a
,--AND THE WORST IS YET TO COME
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CAt-w-e4
Intimates.
After the azure of -the afternoon,
And the long twhight's violet and ma-
roon,
Above the weir we saw the sickle
• moon. •
Reduplicate it shone within the tide
While from the Cedar Hill the hylas
-cried, •
And far away a whip -poor -will replied.
There was an attar of sweet clover
bloom;
The white moth fluttered through the
scentel gloom;
Autumn was busy at her lovely loom.
A wind stole through the mountain
gap and made
A murmuring in the leaves that seem-
ed like jade; •
The moon declined, and we were
wrapt in shade. ••
From 'the cool darkness we drank deep
• delight ,...
ileariug,the drift of dreams from some
'far height,
'We two alone, the intimates of Night.
—Clinton Scolla.rd.
Answered.
He was one of those fresh young
fellows given to the use of slang. At
the breakfast table, desiring the milk,
he exclaimed: "Chase the cow this
way, please."
"Here, Jane," said the landlady,
"take the cow down into ;where the
calf is bawling."
• The capital of Iceland, Reykjavik,
may be heated by means of hot water
from the natural hot springs outside
the town, thus doing away with the
use of coal for firing. - •
1,
Attains Lowest Temperature.
• whdt is the lowest temperature on
record, 458 degrees below zero Fahren-
heit, 'Was attained recently by Prof.
H. IC Onnes of the University of Ley-
den, Rolland. The Bureau of Stand-
ards in Wishington publishes the
facts ,concerning this achievement in
a
telling of Prof. Onnes's efforts to
solidify helium gas. All other gases
except helium, having been liquefied
and solidified, the Dutch savant turn -
to to helium for his record breaking
• experiment,
It Will be recalled that helium gas is
the lifting agent for the ZR -1, the U.S.
navy' n newest and greatest air ship,
and that it has the great merit of be-
ing, tineinfiammable. For that reason
alore,,it is priceless for, the lighter
thaair flying machines, and the
Unirad States is the only country able
to produce it in quantity:
•Prof Onnes used eighteen pumpsein
parallel in his effort to establish the
perfeet tracuura that might solidify
the Isalitun gas. He nearly succeeded,
pesprodueeelsan almost per:
feet vacuum, the pressure being only
one 65,000th part of an atmosphere. In
'reaching this the scientist obtained
the record low temperature and came
within 82-100th.s of a degree of abso-
lute zero. ' The next lowest tempera-
ture ever recorded was within 1.05 de-
gree of abseil -to, so Prof. Onnes's
figures mark a new low record.
.e
Scottish Extraction.
"Yee, Inn a cosmopolitan. My fath-
er was English, my mother French, I
was born in an American ship off
Naples, and McPhersoa's my dentist."
"What's 'McPherson the dentist got
to do with it?"
"Why, naturally that makes me of
Scottish extraction!"
Extending Rano to North Country
Erection of Four Powerful Wireless Stations in North West"
• Territories and Yukon Under Way.
The Dominion Government, ever
alert to combine the greatest effl
ciency with economy in carrying 'on
the different services of the country
bas despatched a party to the Yukon
to erect the first two of a series of
four wireless stations, equipped with
powerful receiving and broadcasting
seta, which will eventually supplant
the present telegraph lines. In this
instance as in others the Government
is taking advantage of, one of the lat-
est advances in 'science to effect a
great saving in the annual cost of
maintaining communication between
far northern points and the outelde
world and at the same time provide
a reliable and uninterrupted means
of transmitting messages and news.
• The Canadian. Corps of Signals are
to erect these wireless stations for
the North West Territories and Yukon
Branch of the Department of the In-
terior and a party is now in the Yukon
territory engaged in Installing the
equipment at the Dawson and Mayo
stations before the winter sets in.
Early next spring another party will
go to McMurray, northern Alberta and
Simpson in the North West Territories
and install -radio 0 rpa ro tus there.
Upon the completio-n of the stations
competent operators will be placed in
charge,' and it is anticipated that this
system will do much to assist In the
development of these districts.
For many years the Yukon terri-
tory has had to depend on the tele-
graph line from Dawson to Hazelton,
B.C., for communication with the
out-
side world. This line was maintained
at a coat of more than a quarter of a
million dollars ann.ually, and notwith-
standing the untiring attention to duty
of the patrols, especially in the great
wilderness between Hazelton, B.C.,
and Whitehorse on the Yukon River,
interruptions occurred in the service,
resulting In losses to those engaged
in developmeut work in the territories.
One of the heaviest snowfalls- on the
continent occurs on the eastern slope
of the Rocky Mountains in the dis-
trict traversed by the telegraph line,
so that in the peat the line patrols
have had te conten4 with deep snows
in Winter and 44:lods and forest Ares
in summer, Incidentally the new ser-
ylce will bring means of communica-,
tion to the districts in which deVal0P-
meat has made rapid :strides aux-Ing
recent. years, namely, the oil and gas
fields of northern Alherta and the
MeckenZie district and the gold and
silver areas of the Yukon,
Will Repaece Wire- Lines.
When the proPosed four wireless
stations have, been •completed and are •
working direct service by wire be-
tween Dawson and Hazelton will be 4;
discontinued, ; However,*for the Use
-
and benefit of transportation • cora- '4
panieS operating 'boats on the' Yukon •
River and for the residents of White- • 4
horse in the Yukon and of Atlin, B.C,, •
se,•"°
the service will be coutinuedThetween
Dawson and. Atlin. All telegraphic
communications between the Yukon
and the outer world will then be trans-
mitted by way of Mayo, Simpson and
McMurray. At the last named point,
connection will be made with the Gov-
ernment telegraph wire line to Ed,
iriontqn. The new system will have a
daily capacity of 5,0.00 words, which,
although considered greater than will
be required for some time, provides
for future expansion. A great sav-
ing in annual upkeep of the Yukon
service will be effected by the radio
service. The cost of installation is
estimated not to exceed $75,000e in-
cluding construction of neceesary
butldings and cost of operation for one.
year. The cost of maintenance will
he much below that for the tele-
graphic service.
The value of radio- itt the far north
is rapidly being recognized. For a
number of years officials of the GeV-
ernmeat and others have been carry-
ing, as part of their equipment, re-
eeiving apparatus. To surveyors, r&
calving sets are absolutely essential
in order to secure the time from the
Observatory to determine lougitude,
while travellers to the north in gen-
eral -speak with appreciation of the
part being played by the wireless in
the development of this great Cana-
dian hinterland.
Utterly Ruined
"X—I--I'm sorry mister—"
"You should be sorry, young roan."
"But you'll hafta buy me another
banana now."
• Tommy Knew.
Grandpa—"Good. And 7101V, can you
tell me what the Epistles are?,
Tommy—"They are the wives of the
Apostles:"
What is literature to the author is
usually litter to the housewife.
Unexplainable Lure Led Shackleton to Arctic
It was in 1909 that Shackleton, after
incredible sufferings, was compelled to
turn back from his dash to the South
Pole. But what mysterious urge was
it that, in later years, drove him to
taste again of those agonies of the
Antarctic although the pole had been
reached in the meantime by his rivals?
As one turns the pages of Dr. R. H
Mill's "The Life of Sir Ernest Shackle
ton," one finds oneself asking this
• question in bewilderment. It is an
unanswerable question. The psychol-
ogy of the born explorer is beyond the
comprehension of the stay-at-home.
• Shackleton might have remained at
home in comfort after his trip with
Scott in the Discovery. He took to
journalism and became sub -editor of
the Royal Magazine; then he obtained
the secretaryship of the Royal Scot-
tish Geographical Society, and, having
married, lived very happily .at Edin-
burgh. He stood—unsuccessfully—for
parliament, He dabbled in business
enterprises. All manner of doors were
opening to him. But that strange lure,
tire lure of the far south, impelled him
to leave home, wife and children, and
vanish once more into the wastes of
snow and ice, to a realm with eold
so extreme that the parallie used for
heating the cooker was of the consist -
alley of cream.
On the return journey, when the at-
tempt to reach the polehad failed, an
incident occurred whiels shows us how
it was that Shackleton won the wor-
ship of all who worked for hint:
"Wild, who had been the first to be
stricken with dysentery, was unable to I
eat the horse -flesh, and suffered hor-
ribly heft hunger. At breaktasiatime
a biscuit was served out to each, which.1
could be eaten at the time or kept till
later in the day. On 31st ,Tanuary
Wild finished his at on and as he j
was starting an the march he found !
Shaekleton's hand slipping a biseulti
Otos his pocket. "Whee'eg Chet. Does ?"1
e asked, and the answer WP,q, "Your
tied is rgreeter than mine," He re -1
Wed; but Shackleton was irresistible
nd fought In silence w:th his hunger,
". •
r‘slr_e.r.rze.:52deiezonj
A Plain Talk.
If yon can make the following pro-
mises to yourself and keep them, the
world will be the better for your living
in it:—
To make all your friendssfeel that
there is something in them,
• To look on the sunny side of every- •
thing, and make your optimism come
true.
• To think only of the best, to work
only for the best, and to .expect only
the best.
To be as enthusiastic about the sues
cess of others as yoiz are about your
own.
To forget the mistakes of the past
and press on to the achievements of
the future.
To give so much time to the ims
prevenient of yourself that you have
no time to criticize others.
To be too large for worry, too noble
for anger, too strong for fear, and too
happy to permit the presence of
trouble.
To think well of yourself and to pro-
claim this fact to the world—not in
words but in deeds.
To live in the faith that the world is
en your side so long as you are true to
the best that is in you.
be described, and it cannot even be Queen Wilhelmina's Gift of
imagined by those•who have seen the Gloves.
huge waves of the Southern Ocean
only from the deck of a liner. Those Queen Wilhelmina of Helland, as is
well known, enjoys great popularity
on board thenittle craft were already
exhausted with the dreadful ear of among her subjects. The following in -
winter they had come through, their
clothes were torn and tattered, their
skin flayed at every joint with the
horrible sea -blisters which salt water,
cold, and the friction of rough cloth
produce. •
• They could not stead up, except for
a moment or so, holding on to the
mast or stays; they could not lie down
except on the rough angles of the bal-
last and the eases under the dripping
canvas "deck"; they could not even
sit, except in the open well at the
stern, where the steersman on his two -
hours' turn at the 'helm was often so
cramped that he could not unbend his
knees or lift his hands when relieved.
Down in the hollow of the waves
foe he knew his friend was mare hard- the little boat would lie a while, shut
ly ut to It than himself- The antler into an illusive cairn between two
two men never knew of the incident,
aro one could say that Shackleton was
acting the part of Sir Philip Sidney
for hig owe glory, for until now the
facts were written only in Wild's pre
7. There be says, "S. pri-
vate di
vettely tareed upon nth his one break- low only to be hurled again lute the
fast bisettit and would have given temest. •
another -to -night bad I allowed hini 1 The conclusion of that epic story Is
de not suppoge that anyone else in the known to air, But the mystery re -
world en thoroughly realize haw mains as to why Shackleton yet again
much generosity and sympathy was went south. He was, as his first skip -
shown by this; 1 do, and by God I per said of him when, fresh from
Shall neVer forget IL" He never did, athool, he went to sea as an appren-
as the record of their great friendship
abund1u4ly eiroeeee
` The wreck of the Endurance was
the wreck cif all Shackleton's dreatusi
of a second polar triumoli," writhe his
hills of water, from the summits of
which the spume flew far overhead; a
moment later she would rise on the
crest and be flung forward by the
shrieking wind in a smother of spray;
rushing down into the next still tion
tiee, "the most pig-headed, obstinate
boy I have ever come across;" and
this obstinacy 'remained with him to
the last and took himeto a lonely grave
oti a barren island near the rim Of the
biogt'epber; but the and of the Endue- Antarctic Circle.
since was only the beginning of one Lady Shackleton was right when
Of the finest episodes in Maritime Its- she decided that her hutbariti'S burial
tory—the escape to Elephant Wand
and the voyage in the James Caird,
boat, only twenty-two feet long, over
800 Miles of tempestuous sea to South
Gebegia, ' •
Life o1 the JaMes Caled earl hardly
•
•
should take.nlece not in Ertgland, but
littler the shadow of those mountains
it South Georgia, which he had been
the first to 'cross in march described
as "a miracle of meuntaineeritig with-
out guide$ or maps or resting places," .
eident, which happened recently, is a
fresh woof of her good nature and
simplicity of manners.
The. Queen was out walking in the
neighborhood of The Hague when she
noticed a little girl belonging to a
worker's family. She stopped and
talked to the child for some time, and
the latter, wanting to show her grati-
tude for the Queen's friendly action,
soon after knitted a pair of gloves a.nd
took them to the royal palace. Touch-
ed by this attention, the Queen in her
turn sent the child a pair of kid
gloves, tilling the right hand with cane
mels and the left with gold pieces. A
letter accompanied .the gift asking her
"charming little friend" to tell her
which glove slats liked best.
The following answer Came: "Dear
Queen: Your presentwasbeautiful
but I can't tell you which glove I pre-
fer. You see, my father got hold of
the left-hand one and my brother the
right-hand one." The Queen laughed
heartily ort receiving the letter and re-
newed her present, making sure, how-
ever, that it would not tall into the
hands of a covetoue
-se
Not Up on News,
A traveiling men one night found
himself obliged to veruain in a small
town on account of a washout on the
railroad, caused by the heavy rain
Whiell was still coming down in tor-
rents, The traVelieg maxi turned to
the waitress with: "This certainly
looks like the freed,"
"The what?"
• The flood, Yeento read about the
tided, and the ark landing en Mount
Ararat, surely?"
"Say, Mister," she returtod, "1 ain't
Seen a paper for three days!"
;.*
Happy is the mati who reverence*
all Women because he Iles', learned te,
worship his itother.—Itkloter.
esseesi',1
n'inse issanee •sea