HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1923-08-16, Page 3• r ,'""*ill
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Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto
THE STORAGE OF FRUIT AND
VEGETABLES.
The storage 'of fruit and vegetables
for home and market must receive fall -
been
attention than it has hitherto milk, flow, other than the natural
been accorded: The amount of waste ing-off toward the end of lactation
annually is very. great. As a first period; further, the cows were in
step towards eliminating this, every good healthy condition in the fall, .
farmer or household with sufficient I Oatspeas and vetch, when sown
land to grow vegetables, and perhaps together,make an excellent mixture
fruit trees, should understand more
about thefor green ;feed for dairy cows, because
storing crop. Some crops it is rich in protein and carbo
keep best in an atmosphere that has a hydrates. I
high moisture content, whereas others i •Careen feed will do much to reduce
require a' low percentage of. humidity,, 1 the cost of rearing calves, Teti pounds
So it will be seen.that there cannot of good oats, peas and vetch have ap-'
be a condition to suit all vegetables proximately the equivalent in feeding
and fruits fn the same cellar or stor- value of three pouuds of ground oats
age building. Apples, pears, potatoes, In other words, if `oats are worth
carrots, cabbage, soon deteriorate in. $37.00 per ton for feed, green feed
very dry storage; while on other hand from oats, peas and vetch would have
winter squash, pumpkins, marrows a feeding value of $11 per ton.
and other such crops like a dry atmos-! When teen feed in the form of
phere. Moulds and rots soon destroy . g
'them clover, rape and oats, peas and vetch
If you know your cellar is a very l is provided for our brood sows we are
dry one and you wish to keep apples, able' to reduce the meal ration from'
etc,, in it, make provision for adding six pounds per head per day to three'
more inoieture to'the air by introduc- pounds, which is a saving in mill
ing wet sacks spread out or by sprink- feeds of three pounds per • day, or 5
ling the floor, the idea being that a cents per sow per day: The following.
large surfacemust be wet and evap- method is adopted for supplying green
oration quick. The atmospheric hum- feed, for pigs:—A small area near the
idity can be tested with a wet and piggery is sown with common -red
dry bulb thermometer. Take the rend clover and alsike, with, a cover crop
ings and check up on the chart which of oats. As the oats reach the milk
stage they are cut and fed to pip in'
is supplied with it. A humidity rang- pens, The clover will come on early
Ing from 75 to 85- is satisfactory. in tlie'following spring and be fit to
pasture of by the middle of .June.
Two more small paddocks are sown!
with rape es early in May as the soil'
is fit to work, This is usually ready,
for pasturing from. the first to the
middle. of July. A third paddock is
sown to oats, peas and vetch. This is
cut and fed to pigs in pen, being regWee
about the last of July. In this way!
there -is provided a continuous supply
of green feed for the brood sows and
growing pigsthroughout the greater]
part of the season. Oats, peas and
vetch are mixed as follows: Banner
oats, 1% bushels; Gold Vine peas, %
bushel; vetch,', bushel; and sown at'
the rate of 3 bushels per acre. Rape
is seeded at the rate of 8 pounds per;
acre, broadcast. Common red clover,
is seeded ` at the rate of 10 to 121
pounds and •alsike at the rate of 2 to
3 pounds per acre. It is not a good-
', The utilization of green feed in plan to turn the pigs in on the •oats,!
some form is rapidly becoming recdg- peas and. vetch, a$ there is too ;much I,
nixed ae the most economical method waste from '"tramping. : In feeding the'
ofstock feeding. Not only can more rape, allow the pigs two or three,
live stock be kept per acre, but it can hours per day at first; later they ma '
Y.
be fed at proportionately less cost be allowed full range of paddock, :If -
I'oi .example, on the Experimental the practice of growing green feed for
Farm, at. Nappan, fifty head of dairy stock is once established, its value as i
cows were carried, through the sum- an economical stock feed will soon'
i:aer season on twenty-five acres of become apparent.
pasture (twenty of which was very
rough, :poor posture), .by the aid of
green feed from four acres. There
was no appreciable deerease in the.
In case Of squash and pumpkins,
etc., any frost proof place, 'which is
dry is suitable—the top shelf of the
pantry for instance, orr shelves in the
passage. Quality is often lowered by
poor ventilation. Where crops " are
stored in large quantities ventilators
should be open as much as possible to
carry off gases and heat coming from
a Iarge bulk of any crop. When se-
vere weather occurs 'elose up the
ventilators. Do not store a large
volume of any crop while it is warm
from the field unless you know that
you` can reduce the heat by proper
• ventilation. More attention must be
paid to this when commercial storage
is being done in the fall and our
growers must help when asked to
40 so.
:GREEN FEED AND ITS VALUE,
Small Fruits, Roses and his
It Is a great mistake to neglect the about five inches from the base; but
small fruits once they have finished do not touch the leaders. In winter
bearing for the season. a or early spring all that has to be done
If thtbbd
the litter which was put down as a -athebase, and shorten the leaders
mulch and to keep the berries clean
should be raked away from the plants
into the alleys, and all runners cut off,
Then both can be removed and burned,
It is well also to cut off the old leaves,
for in this way any diseased or insect -
infested` growth may be got rid of.
Where there is no danger in doing so,
the mulch, leaves and runners may be
burned between the rows of plants.
The plants may look a little sick fol- appreciate pruning after flowering.
lowing the scorching, but after the g
first: good rain they will send forth; They are of the simplest possible cul -
new leaves most vigorously, and thel tore and invariably thrive in any fair -
ashes left between the rows will serve
as manure.
When all rubbish has been cleared
away or burned, the beds most be
hoed to kill weed growth and loosen
the soil. Weeds growing close to and
among the plants must be pulled by
hand. Hoeing should . be continued innumerable varieties, hybrids and
throughout the season, so that the beds sports of the type have been raised
and plants will be free from weeds
when frost puts a stop to garden ac-
tivities for the season, •
As a strawberry bed is past its
prune when it has stood for three
e srawerry eis to remain is to cut the laterals to about one inch
The Farm Water Supply.
In locating the farm home the .first
essential is •a :sufficient eu ly of pure
water easily accessible, The origin of
fresh water : in the earth is usually
traceable to -the rainfall upon the sur-
face. The earth's crust consists of shpply ehoelld " be adequate to meet
eta andethe people on the farm
lest, time 'to carry water. It is
rnaxe,d 'that the average farm fam
of 5, with 4 horse's, 88 head of eat-
p't sleep and 10 pigs, requires
strll gnlloxis 'of water Per day.
conclusion, then, the farm water
many layers of varying thickness' the maximum requirements every day;
These, when considered in connection it should be reasonable in cost, simple
with water supply., are divided into. in cone truction, durable and easy to
two classes; porous, or those that operate; it should be fresh., pure and
allow water to percolate or flow; and cold at the taps, and it should be
impervious, or those that prevent the available for fixe protection,
movement of water.
When a porous stratum overlies an
impervious one there is the collection
of the local rainfall from the imine- - Natural swarming may be termed
diate surrounding drainage basin, the bugbear of beekeeping and to con -
When a porous stratum underlies an trol`it is, the most difficult problem of
impervious formation the water will the beekeeper. Natural swarming
be collected at the outcrop of , the .usually occurs during a honey flow,
former, which may be at a great die- *especially at the beginning and if the
tame from the well. Should that swarm is allowed to issue it may be
point be at a higher elevation than lost" or the honey crop reduced. In
the locatien of well, artesian or flow- order to get the maximum crop of
ing water• would be secured. This honey frorn a colony it is advisable to
overflow might have sufficient head to keep the working force of the colony
elevate the water into homes . and together by using some method of
barns. In the course of time under- '`swarm control. I
ground streamlets and have Swarming is usually caused by
formed, and fortunate is, the person oven/owding or• congestion of the
that locates one of these when digging• brood nest and any manipulation that
for water. These streams usually will, relieve thiscongestion will often
flow along the surface of an impervi-; prevent swarming. i
ous earth layer and frequently termin- All colonies do not require the same
ate in a spring on a hillside. } treatment and preparations for
The source of our farm water sup -t swarming may often be checked by
ply is usually a well that penetrates applying the following manipulations:
the ordinary ground -water level or 1. :BY giving the queen more room for
that taps an underground stream.' egg production. 2, By' adding more
Some are fortunate in locating near supers for the storing of nectar. 33.'
a spring, and others get their supply By giving the colony more shade and
from a stream that flows through theventilation, 4. By raising' a few
faxen. These sources are all good,,
'combs of brood from the brood nest
provided that they are free from con -i to"a super. 5. By destroying queen
tamination. There are three types of cells before they are far advanced.
wells in common use: the dug well, for f The swarming fever may be so
shallow depths; the driven well for ixtense that some colonies will not'
earth formation; and the drilled well , respond to the above measures and
where the water bearing :stratum is may persist in their determination to
overlaid by rock or hardpan. , swarm; with these more drastic mea
These wells should be protected slues must be applied. 1. Artificial
from polluted surface water. For' this, swarming, in which the bees and
reason the well.should be located on t cpieen are all shaken on to a full set
rising greeirl i, so that the surface' of.enipty combs or full sheets of foun-'
water will flow away from it. Dug dation. The brood is put into a super
wells should be walled with water- and placed on top of the colony above
tight material. If stone or brick is the honey supers. In . the production'
used, cement mortar should be used bf,:comb honey the brood is placed in
to seal the interspaces Concrete another hive standing alongside of the
Swarm Control.
Home Education
"The Child's First' School is the Family".-.•Froebe1."
Catalog and Booklet Fust—By Lydia 'Ilion Robert
There are all Weds of pamphlets,
booklets and diseriptive matter, print-
ed nowadays to advise and show busy.
people about almost everything,' A
great many of these find their way to
Ia housekeeper's door and are often
glanced at carelessly and :thrown
away, This is a mistake if there are
children in the home, for out of these
booklets may come many lessons and
some good times. A mother will find
it worth while to watch the magazines
and send for the most attractive of
these, not only to learn about the new-
est and best ways of doing and buying
things but to help the children learn
about this big, unknown world,
When 'a rainy day, or a "what shall
I do now?" time comes, the lucky
mother brings out her group of book-
lets and gathers the children around
her. Many a mother' can explain
about these things easier than tell a
story, and this is the way she can use
the booklets. It will start a lot of
questions, all of which she cannot
answer, but it willprove an interest-
ing time. There are booklets telling
of our parks, scenery, birds, woods,
and the kind that tells how things are
made. These are,free for'the effort of
writing for them andgive the children
some idea of what is going on in their
country. • The pictures niay be used
for scrapbooks and clippings made of i
the most interesting facts told. It
will make the children think about the
bigger things of the world andwant!
to know more about them.As an illustration of the uses to,
which these ' booklets may be put, a
few of the ways we have used themi
in our home may help other mothers.'
There cane in the mail one day a'
booklet describing a set of nature
books, in which there. were colored pie -1
tures of birds. Tian oldest boy of the :
family became inte feted in the many,
varieties of birds and :!:•aided to "start;
tart;
bird scrapbook. We sent for other,
booklets and he cut out the bird pic-
tures, many of which were very beau-
tiful, and one of them had en inter-
esting account of Audubon's life which
was read carefully and added to the
book,
Another time we sent for a cata-
logue describing different kinds of
wood and giving a short history of the
different trees and the way the wood
was used. The children were much
pleased with this and gathered woods
of many kinds and uses and noted the
differences.
The railroad folders' are often illus-
trated artistically and we used these
to help in geography lessons, as the
pictures and descriptions of the train
routes and scenery, besides the brief'
accounts of important landmarks
helped geography seem more real and
vivid to the children.
Almost all of these catalogues help-
ed in school work as the children had
interesting or odd bits of information
to give to the class, and when making
collections to go with the booklets,
took these to school to show the teach-
er and the children. The teacher liked
this and encouraged other children to
bring outside illustrations to the les-
sons.
In the children's bookcase there is a
special shelf for booklets and cata-
logues, and
ata-logues,'and they are very useful for
references and handy to pick up in
idle moments and read. The tiny tot
of the family likes to have a slight
story woven around some of the illus-
trations fn which a little girl or boy
visits the various places pictured, and
has mild adventures. The mechanical.
boy of the -family writes for every
booklet on machinery that he can get,
and studies them to see the new ideas
and inventions of : the world, getting
all the information •possible to help
him in his chosen work.
It really seems as if there is a
catalogue or booklet to suit each one
of the children, and if a child has a
special talent or interest, it is wise to
help by sending for every thing that
will in any way broaden and en-
lighten.
makes•a good, tight wall: Wells driven of ginal colony; in this case enough' �°--�-----
through clay are usually safe. Drilled bees should be left in the old hive to
wells vhould be lined with wrought take care of the brood. 2. Remove °l^ � 1�l1 �'�
iron casing extending to the rock and the old queen from the hive and de -i
driven into it to form a. water -tight stroy all queen cells. Ten days later! HOUR
joint. again destroy all queen cells and intro-.
There are three methods in common duce a young laying queer_, 3. In
use in conveying the water from the localities where the honey flow is short
source of'supply to the farm' buildings. and very heavy the removal of all the
First, by gravity, when the'source,I -Brood and bees from the brood cliam-
higher than the buildings; second, by beg to a top super and; leaving the
the use of an hydraulic rani, when queen on a full set of empty combs
there is an abundant supply of. rui?-, be 7v s Grill often stop swarming; These
ning water•to operate it, -third, by the
use of a pump. In' installing these
last mentioned, galvanized iron pipe
of sufficient size to meet -the farm
requirements should be used
There are many types of puny on
the market. For shallow wells the
cistern pump with cylinder in the bar-
rel may be used. For deeper wells the
suction pump may be used if the
cylinder isplaced within 25 feet of.
the low water mark in the well. The
single and double action pumps, with
or without power, can be used to ele-
vate water to the desired height.
When water has to be elevated the
wind -mill is a cheap source of power.
'three manipulations should only be
p Y
applied when Iarvae in queen cells are,
fouzzd. e
It is a, good plan to clip the queen's:
wings in;the spring, especially in out-!
apiaries ^for should a swarm emnerget
between visits there is less likelihood
of the svearm absconding.
Should a swarm emerge with a clip-
ped :queee, she will be unable to fly
and can be found on the ground at
the -entrance of the hive. The queen
should be caged, the old hive moved
te.nue side and a new hive put ni its
place while the swarm is in the air.
The. cage containing the queen is
placed at the entrance of the new hive
HOW_ YOUNG CANARY'S CON-
CEIT WAS CURED. ,
On a beautiful, sunshiny,: golden.
day m June, a lovely, sunshiny, golden
canary was floatingand flirting and
twirling in:the magic suxmer. ale. He
kept up''a running ripple of happy
twitterings. Occasionally he lighted
on a purple thistle and burst into
song. He sang beautifully, throwing
his head back and pouring forth
melody so lovely that all the birds
farand near stopped in their work or
play to listen to him.
Just out of sight but so placed that
they could see him, two of his sisters
sat and watched him with admiring
eyes.
"Isn't he wonderful?" they whisper-
ed. "Surely he's . the handsomest, as
well as the most gifted singer . in all.
the world!"
"I do believe he knows how becom-
A gasoline engine will do the work at and when the swarm returns the queen Mg that purplethistle is to him, and
a very low cost, and pumping can be is released- ;The supers from the par -
about one-half, accordingto their done while the engine is et other ent colony are then placed over the
strength, work. • - swarm and the parent colony can be
either placed on a new stand or left
by the side of the swarm, -0. B.
Gooderhani, Dominion Apiarist.
In' the Province of Nova Scotia and
the other eastern provinces almost
half of the cost of educational and
demonstrational work in agriculture
has 'Veen provided out of the Federal
grhnt.
It is of the utmost importance that Water from limestone formations is
the• bush -fruit plantation be kept
quite clean during the season. Regular
hoeing and the removal of weeds will
encourage growth that is so essential
for next season's crop.
Roses, especially those of .the free
growing rambling varieties greatly
ly good soil. , All shoots of the pre
vious year's growth are cut out, re-
taining only those of the current year,
as it is on these shoots that the finest
flowers °'are borne:
SOME. OF THE FINEST CLIMBERS.
Duriiig the past twenty years or so
and introduced, the most notable be-
ing Dorothy Perkins, In addition to
its being one of the . most prolific
bloomers of all climbing roses, Dor-
othy Perkins is most accommodating
years, it is a good plan to make a as to soil and position, thriving and
fresh planting every year—or at least flowering freely where others would
each alternate year ---and in thus way fail•
you will s.lways have a bed in its Among other popular and really
prime. worth -while varieties of this type, the
Otiegtw"., OUT RASPBERRY CANES. following have qualities and beauty
As raspberry canes that have fruit that place them in the front rank of
t
ed die off naturally the :fall, it is valuable climbers: Crimson Rambler;
rich rosy crimson; .Flowering Fair -
better to cut them out now, and thus field, vivid scarlet, splendid for arches
give the new canes a better chanee,1 er pillars, very vigorous plant, blooms
Cutting makes the new canes more periodically during the summer',:
clearly evident, and if there are more White Dorothy and Source of Gold.
than five to each plant the weakest Do you purpose increasing your
should be removed. If small they can stock of iris? If so, this is now ,the
be pulled up and will grow if trans- best season fox' dividing and replant
-
planted in moist soil. The best young ing the clumps,
The flag or bearded iris --rids ger-
maitiea—has many forms, which make
noble groups during spring, succeed-
ing almost everywhere. Even when.
canes for forming new plantations are
those that spring up between the rows
some distance from the parent plants.
After removing the old and surplus
Oates the ground should be hoed and not in bloom there is charm in tho.
• kept clean during the remainder . of
Silvery -toned leaves.
If adding to your list of varieties,
by all means procure the roots as
early es possible, as summer o ' early
fall p'aiiting will result in flowers the.
first season.
the season.
Blackberries are cared for in much
the same manner as raspberries, and
currants --red and white— also goose-
berries, are all the better for summer
pruning, as they usually bear on spurs
of the old wood. All side shoots, with
the exception of any required to form
Tibet is the loftiest region of i
tame beenr1'ics, are best cut back wlthirf egunt on the. glebe.
hard, and not satisfactory for wash-
-ing. Rainwater, which is always soft,
can be collected from the roofs and
stored - in cisterns for washing pui-
poses.
The home and barns on every farm
need water on tap wherever required,
much more than does the city home;
because the farm requires more water
A GESIMAN `
Not enough money to
:'t1 A it i~ WV,
y for ars +ti3iwI
lLon&a Daher
:y�ai•t
that's why he sits on it as he sings.
It certainly sets off his yellow waist-
coa , oesn't it, sister?"'
But in their neat in a willow tree,
by a dear little prattling brook, Mr.
and. Mrs. Canary were discussing the
same young gentleman in quite a dif-
ferent way,
"My dear, I ani really getting quite
worried about "Yellow Ball," said his
father. "Things cannot continue like
this. He is getting so conceited that
soon there will be no living with him."
"Our son is so handsome," put in
his mother wistfully. •
"Yes, but we don't want his char-
acter ruined. That's the trouble with
you women! You all spoil him; his
sisters and his friends, every one of
you, make such a fuss about him. I
tell you his disposition is being ruined. �
Something must be done, He will be- I
come a useless member of society and
will never get a dear little wife for
himself as I have."
Mrs. Canary blushed with .pleasure.
Have you ever seen a canary blush?
They don't beconie rosy, just imagine
how unbecoming it would be to their
golden complexions! No, just a deep-
er shade of yellow darkens their."
cheeks. Well, ; Mrs. Canary blushed,
and looked extremely pretty as she
did so. I
"Perhaps you are right, my love,"
she said. "What do you think we could
do to overcome this fault, in our son?",
"That is a matter I shall have to
give my serious.consider•ation," replied•
her husband. He 'pew off to a ,nearby
bush and fluffing himself up . into a
yellow ball, sat and thought out a
plan.
That evening, before the children
had come home, he said to his wife:
"Didn't. I hear you say, my dear, that
the children. were going to a - fancy
kind of party at ;elrs, Thrush's to-
morrow? What kind of an affair is
it to be?"
"Mrs. Thrush . cells it a flower'
party," explained Mrs. Cartery, , "A11
the birds are going to be given the
name of a flower—the :dower they
most resembled'
"Olx," said her husband, "that gives
me an idea'! Au revoir, xny love. I'm.
oil' to sec htrs. Thrush for a few mite
Utes," and away he fie%• -
Mrs. Canary, left in her dainty
thistledown nest, shook her head over
the oddities- of the masculine sex; but
as she considered her husband the.
most wonderful being in the world,
she wisely decided to say nothing and
await= developments.
The children theinselves were very
excited about the party. They talked
about it in excited whispers when they
were supposed to be going to sleep
that night,
"Of" :co 'Yellow l
coarse e ow Bali' will be
chosen the very handsomest of all the
flowers,"" said his sisters, "I -wonder
1 what is the very handsomest yellow
blossom."
The following day saw them start
off for Mrs. Thrush's home in a near-
by meadow, all bathed and preened
and in_a great flutter of glee.
"Wait and see the result of this
party,. my dear," chuckled Mr. Canary
to his wife. "I feel sure my plan will
be successful." ...
A very quiet troop of birdlings re-
turned from the party that evening
and Yellow Ball departed to a shrub
all alone in the greatest dejection.
Mr. Canary called the girls to his
side. "Well," he said,. "come and tell
us all aboat the party. Was it a suc-
cess, and what flowers were .you all
•
called?
"It wasn't a very successful•party,"
said one of the little birds. "Sister
was chosen a butter cup and I: was a
daffodil, and—en—we had . a lovely]
feast, but—"
"But?"
"Well, Father, you know we all,
thought Yellow Ball would be chosen,
the loveliest flower of all, but—but
but he was decided to resemble no-
thing but a conmion dandelion, the
most ordinary of all the yellow flow-
ers. Wasn't it awful?"
"Awful," said their father, laugh.
ing, "do him a world: of good, and,
teach him a much needed lesson, i
hope,"
"Wasn't my suggestion to Mrs..
Thrush a fine idea?" he asked his lite
tle wife later.
"It was, indeed," she agreed. "Be
then, of course, every one of my won-
derful. husband's ideas are giti`od," she,
added to herself.
But Yellow Ball was a changed bird
from that day. Mrs. Thrush's party
had certainly made him realize what a
foolish; fellow he had been. ,
"Well," he said to himself, "a dan-
delion may be a very commonplace
flower, but anyway if I am like a dan-
delion in its sturdy happiness and
cheeriness, I shall do very well in the
world indeed."
Short courses in agriculture for
leen and hi domestic science for wo-
men have been an important feature
of extension work assisted by the
Agricultural Instruction grant. Held
either under local auspices or offered
by the schools and colleges of agri-
culture, their :aim has been to give
instruction on improved methods and
practices. Every branch of farming
has been dealt with, from stook.
judging to motor mechanics for men
and from general housekeeping to the
domestic arts for women, often ac.
companied by demonstration.
The Ontario Live Steck Improve-,
vent Train is reported to have had,
an attendance of about 700 at each
strip, Some 30 bulls and 120 hog;
were sold for breedi ,r'' nur noselt..