HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1923-06-14, Page 2Got tlfig book' Yon cannot rolford to
bo without it. it coAts eafiotldngl If
'sou own horoos, it on savd you hundreds
of dollars.
Tho book -"A. troottse on the bora o" -la
y01 ro for the oaking, at yoga d'ruggtet s,
The nor o and nit About htntuhte dioospce
hehtdreoa nisothdmm-vhattodeabnOt.,•
thorn -with abeptors o,4 broodhrg.-shoe
end ehoeiing, foodiny�-and ni,trty:ttied had
provon hor"sotnott'o r ,3 tiedlee.
Ajit year drul;glat for n copy of "]l Treattee'
ori tho'itorsa" or Welke ns direct, 12
Be.B.J.KENC/41.LLC0..
Bttoclturg,routs. Vt.;
�- �' Experimental 'Farm at Ottawa intro-
mlrit.73 AdeIaide St, Wast, Toronas dueed'the Bang System m connection
Salving a Tuberculous Dairy Herd
Successful Operation of the "Bang System" at the (Central
Experimental Farm.
About six years age, the Central
•
Address communications to Agrono
''QUR WAYS TO GET EGGS
WHEN PRICES ARE HIGHER.
suppose we all think sometimes
*that our hens are determined to, lay all
'the eggs they can when eggs are
leheap, and out of contrariness take
a'acations when eggs are high,
It is true that hens do lay more eggs
'when hen fruit is cheap, and fewer
when it is high. But the reason is
'that when everybody's hens are she11-
4ng out eggs the price goes down be -
:‘cause there are lots of eggs. And
when production slows up, naturally
the price becomes greater.
1 am not going to promise that you
can make hens lay most heavily when
prices are high and less when eggs are
ow. But I will say that it is wholly
possible by careful, sensible manage -
Merit to get more eggs than usual.
during, the later summer months, when
eggs are always higher. I am going
to mention four plans that I have
found by experience will bring more
eggs during those months.
Four reasons for the usual summer
slackening of eggproduction are:
1. Broodiness.
2. Parasites.
3. Poorly balanced rations, during
the spring as well as in the summer.
4. Heavy laying in spring • that low-
ers the hen's vitality.
So, if we are going to get more
higher priced eggs in July and Aug-
ust, these are our problems. The solu-
tions may not be exactly easy, but my
experience has shown me that enough
can be accomplished to make the ef-
fort very profitable indeed.
The slump in egg prices, which
'usually continues through April and
May, by July generally changes to an
upward tendency, with higher prices
from then on. I am well convinced
that it pays to try to manage the flock
so that the laying 'season is lengthened
out. Here are the methods I have used
to accomplish the purpose:
1. Prevent broodiness.
If checked at the very start, broodi-
tness will affect the egg production but
little. But if your hens are allowed
to sit a few days and get heatedup,
it is not only hard to break them, but
they are also apt to be through with
laying for a long period.
The best and simplest way to make
a hen decide she doesn't want to raise
a family is to put' her in a small crate
with a wire or slat bottom. This ven-
sated bottom allows air to circulate
air •the hen. She is kept uncom:
ats%le. Still better, hang the crate
up by wires so it will swing. Two or
three days of this will usually break
the most determined hen.
Feed in the crate the regular egg
mash, plenty of green food and water.
This will tend to keep the hens laying
and prevent them from drying up. It
is well to go through the hen house
every night or so during the late
'Spring and early summer, lifting the
hens off the nest and taking them to
the crate. After roosting is the best
time. '
I find this plan far superior to
starving hens, 'which in itself checks
production, or by wetting them, or any
other commonly practiced plan.
2. Destroy parasites.
Warm weather means more active
lice and mites. They sap vitality. Lice
and mites are often confused. They
are different, and require different
treatment. Lice are always on the
fowl. They can't live unless they are
on the bird, where they breed, hatch,'
and grow. There are several different
kinds of lice, some feeding on the head,.
others on the neck, some on the back;
since their feeding habits are alike, all
can be fought alike. -
Investigators a few years ago found
that sodium fluoride powder was an
absolute specific against chicken lice.
For about 50 cents a pound your -drug-
,gist will supply the commercial grade
--it need not be chemically pure -and
a pound will dust at least; 200 hens.
I use it• this way. I hold the hen
by the legs, head down. I. rub a pinch
of fluoride, held between thumb and
index finger, along the base of the
tail feathers, around the vent, under
each wing, down the back, up the back
of the neck and on the back of the
head. I usually take three -or four
pinches for each hen,
Within three or four days it is well
to go over every bird. Within a we4
the lice will be gone. All that hatch
from eggs present during the dusting
will be killed. Defect, your hens may
1 not be bothered with lice for a year
or more.
The mite is a different "critter,' It
,is seldom on the hen exeept at night,
I or when she is on her nest. He hides
din cracks and corners, Since•. he does
not chew, as does the louse, but sucks
blood from the hen by thrusting his
bill through the skin, surface poison
does not affect him- You have to make
it hot for him.
The best method is to clean out all.
the dirt you possibly can, especially
from the corners of nests 'and roosts,
and spray or ppa�int thorouglit, with
Some strong disTnfecting solution, usu-
ally one with a coal -tar base. A spray
or paint that goes into the cracks and
lasts for months is best Especial suc-
cess often follows application of dis-
infectants while they are hot.
A good plan to get the internal
parasites which are apt to be active
at this period, is to feed the hens two,
per cent. by weight of finely ground
tobacco stems' or leaves -leaves pre-
ferred -in the mash feed for ten days..
A pound of Epsom salts to every 100
birds, every three days, should be fed
while the hens are getting tobacco:
3. Keep the rations right.
Sometimes the flock's yards and
ranges get bare and dry in late sum-
mer. The hens continue • to enjoy a
taste for juicy and succulent food. , I.
like to see an arrangement that will
keep for the hens a continual growth
of green food after the early spring
supply is exhausted.
Experiments I have studied con-
vince Hie that, while a;wide variation
of formulas for mash feed is possible,
it is absolutely essenital to maintain
the proper proportions of the cardinal
factors, such as mineral protein, fibre,
and mineral food. Mineral food is
extremely -important. Whether you
use a commercial or a home -mixed
mash, the elements of phosphorus, sul-
phur, and calcium must be present.
It is not the exception to find good
hens that have stopped laying because
of a lack of mineral foods.
4. Regulate the rateof production
so as to extend the laying period.
This sounds like a formidable task;
but it is simpler than it seems. A hen
that lays heavily during the, spring
mayexhaust
her vitality and literally
"lay herself out" She likely has` the
capacity .to- lay ;:a certaireariinj','er'of
eggs in a year. If allowed to lay all
these eggs in the spring months, little
more can be expected of her later. By
turning a bucket upside down you can
pour out all the water at once. By
tipping it gradually, you can take a
much longer time to empty it. To an
extent you can do the same thing with
a hen.
Once hens stop laying it is a hard
task to bring them back. It is not
uncommon for farm flocks to lay as
high as 80 per cent. for short periods.
This is dangerous, except perhaps for
a highly skilled poultryman. When
the flock production begins to reach
50 per cent., 50 eggs a day per 100
hens, it is well to slow ahem .up.
The most effective way I know to do
this is to reduce the amount of mash,
especially the animal protein element
in it, and to increase in direct propor-
tion the scratch feed and the propor-
tion of starch in it. This should be
done gradually when production goes
over 40 per cent. If the flock will
hold between 45 per cent. and 65 per
cent. with a heavy feeding of scratch
feed, you may be very certain the
hens will not lose weight. It is a
well-known fact that when a hen be-
gins to lose weight her egg production
will quickly begin to drop.
The scratch feed will tend to main-
tain weight. If production starts to -
drop below 40 per cent. again, it is
time gradually to. decrease the scratch"'
feed and to feed More of the mash
with animal protein and other egg -
building elements.
By following this policy carefully it
is possible to, extend the egg -laying
period so that more eggs will be Iaid
later in the year, when prices get bat-
ter. It may mean a substantial diff
ence in the year's Income from
TIRES jos � S' TUBES
Vie will sell for ten days onay, or while they last, Fabric
and Cord Tires, and Tubes, at the following prices.
All High Grade Standard Tires, and Guaranteed for
5,000 Miles. - No Seconds,
Reg. Our Reg. Our
FABRIC TIRES price Price CORD TIRES ' Price' Price
30 x 3/2 $15:25 $ 9.00 31 x 4 S.S.` $35.00 $26.25
31
x 4 ,2 ..:: 25.20 18,90 32 x 31> . 30:85' 22.80
32 x 4 26195 19,95 32 x 4 88.60 28.95
83 x 412 = .. , 39.60 29.70 33 x 4 39,75 29.80
34 x 41 . , 40;80 30.60 32 x _4
,,. 4.9.85
37:40_
35 x 414 • . , 48.05 32.29
HEAVY ' GREY TUBES
30 x 81/2 :. , 2,80 1.40 31 x •4 2.00 • 1; .60
31 x 4 $.05 2:15 88 , 4... 2,00 2.25
34 X 4 4.25 Z40 32 x 41/.. : 4,90 2.65
All Tires and :Ttub s shipped 0.0.D,, subject to examination.
TORONTO TIRE CORPORATION, LIMITED
Wholesale anti Retail 1531/2 king St. West, Toronto.
with its dairy herd, which was then
undergoing the process of "gccredita-
tion." Under this "accredited" sys-
tem, a . herd is tested for tuberculosis
every six months, the reacting; ani-
mals being removed freart the herd,
When reactors cease to appear under
the test, the herd is accredited by cer-
tificate as tuberculosis; free. Under
the Bang System such reactors as' are
considered sufficiently' valuable are
segregated and isolated from all con-
tact with other animals, their progeny
being added to the main herd, The
length of time during whisk,; • the re-
actors are retained depends ' on'`their
age, period of gestation, producing
ability and the progress of 'the dis-
ease; but -gradually they 'are' elimin-
ated, and in the course of 'time; the
Bang herd ceases to exist
lesions in some animate points: to re-
infection through being stabled with
spreader cases.
Some cows that were in the Bang
heed for two, three, and even four
years, when slaughtered, proved to be
but slightly infected, indicating that
an animal may be some time develop-
ing. the disease even when amongst
diseased animals and, when eventual-
ly infected, may show considerable re-
sistance to the ravages of the disease.
On the other hand, among cows in the
main herd that *reacted and were
slaughtered immediately, ,numerous
generalized, open cases were found,
which goes to show that infection may
take place rapidly and run' a rapid
course. It may be inferred that the
rapidity of infection depends on the
virulence of the strain of bacteria in-
troduced and on the power of resist-
ance in the animal itself.
Milk and butterfat records were
The object in establishing ;a .lalig kept of the Bang herd during the -en-
tire period. Eight of the cows quell -
herd at the Central Exieriinental
Parra was twofold: fits(, to fied in the Record of Merit test and
preserve for breeding purposes 13 in the test for. the Record of ['er-
a number of exceptionally yalu- ; formance. Of the latter, eight records
able cows, and second, to demonsttate 1 from mature cows averaged 461
the value of the Bang System-. : The ' pounds of butterfat, nearly_ all being
segregated animals were isolated in made in less than 365 days. One
comfortable,' well ventilated and prop- Ayrshire cow, Marjorie 8th of Ottawa,
erly appointed premises on an; adjoin- during. the four years that she was in
ing farm some two miles distant from
quarantine, gave.32,987 pounds of
the. Central Farm. . The. cattle were milk containing 1,21.4.74 pounds of fat.
in charge of a skillful herdsman, and This animal when slaughtered proved
were treated in a normal Manner in to be badly infected in the lungs and
all' respects. The maximum >:number bronchials. These and other credit -
of animals in the Bang herd at" any able records would indicate that tub-,
.one time was 23 head, :while the total erculosis, up to a certain stage, does
number isolated during the whole not necessarily reduce the mills pro-
period was 66 head, and 'included Hol- duction of some cows; in fact, the pro -
steins, Ayrsbires and. Jerseys.' All of duction of the Bang herd varied -'hut
the cows were of high individual Hier- little from that of the main herd.
it and record. 'Some of them remained An accurate account was kept by
in the Bang herd throughout the the Experimental Farms Branch of
whole period, others were retained for the expense incurred in operating the
a short time only. • Bang system from December 1, 1916,
During the winter the segregated to November 1, 1921. The receipts
animals were kept inside, but'in the for milk, calves and manure amounted
summer they were allowed on pasture. to $22,108.06. The expenses, which in-
The milk was thoroughly pasteur}zed eluded feed, bedding, rent of building
and separated, the skim -milk; being and labor, amounted to $15,930.63,
used for feeding hogs arid the cream leaving a profit of $6,177.43.
being made 'into butter. 'The. cows CONCLUSIONS.
were for the most part bred to react-
ing sires. When a reacting.,; sire was
not available they' were, bred to an-
other on neutral ground. The .:calves
were -removed soon after .birth and
placed in isolated pensuntil tested be-
fore being allowed to mix ;with' the mental Farm officials, these . circum -
calves from the healthy herd on the stances would be (1) The existence of
main farm. Of the sixty-six 'head a herd or herds of purebred cattle of
isolated,. ,49 gave birth to . 80 calves. sufficient size and high quality .to
Of this number 18 died piee' to make the isolation of reactors:and the
,,
3:
six* znonth9�,oi "a e' .. t e: .a ,
ki ainim o h r o en : rofitable
. _ g i.eGl f. t ei r
th ,.,•,
r.
g p p
i
ie mon a or o er . xe eted •tt o�tiie
v ,,. a (2) A sufficient number of reactors.
tuberculin teat, ;.*some `of which irefec-:� of high quality within the herd` to
tion undoubtedly occurred• in. the main ensure returns on the overhead
herd, it not yet having' been cleaned charges that must be met in maintain
up; 45 remaining free- from the dis ing a Bang herd, which overhead
ease. Of°the latter, 19 have: been sold charges might be so great as to ex -
and 26 retained in the breeding herd.' Geed the returns from only a few
During the period under review, 51,' reactors.
Bang cows were slaughtered. The. In view of the rapid adoption of the
majority of these were removed to ' Accredited Herd System, now taking
make room `for other and more valu-:' place,' and particularly since the re -
able reactors and comparatively 'few, duction of the compensation on react -
on account of clinical symptoms of ad-', ,ing animals, . there are undoubtedly
vanced tuberculosis. In the latter ' many herds that. might adopt the
class there were not more than' six -Bang system and at the same time
cases. On the other hand, there were fulfill the Accredited Herd conditions.
a number of cows that had outlived In some 'cases, where.the individual
their usefulness but were still in- herds are not sufficiently large or the
cellent edndition, which, upon slauglit-'reactors within the herd not' so num-
er and examination, proved to be high-' erous as to warrant the introduction
ly generalized and advanced cases.'' of the Bang system, a group of breed
This goes to prove what has been re-� f ers might unite in maintaining a -joint
peatedly observed, namely, that a cctiw. herd under the Bang system.
may be in an advanced stage of tub -1 A conclusion which should not
erculosis and still not show any out-'' escape attention is that if'a Bang
ward symptoms of the disease. Fur-' herd is to justify its existence at all,
thermore, the experience with this`. it must be established simultaneously
herd has shown that a cow may be in' with the entry of a herd into the Ac
-
an advanced stage of tubercuIosis and credited Herd System, for the reason
still produce milk quite heavily and that it is at this time that the great
profitably. Another outstanding ob- est number and:often the highest qual-
servation as regards the health of the' ity. reactors will be found. As each
herd was that quite a large percentage' successive test proceeds, the number of
of the cows when slaughtered showed reactors naturally decreases, so that,
only old calcified lesions, while a few in the course of a few years at most,
showed two distinct sets of lesions, one, the herd should have a clean sheeet.
old and calcified and the other recent' and the Bang herd would be gradually
and open. This would go to show that; eliminated. It is when the herd has
in many cases,. nature, assisted by a this' clean• bill of health that the owner
rugged constitution in the animal, had; who has omitted to establish a Bang
isolated the infection and thus put the: herd may wish that be had done so'
animal in the 'non -spreader class. The; and thus have retained some of his
presence of a . secondary set of open'' favorite individuals and strains.
In the light of •the experience of the
Central Experimental Farm, it is con-
cluded that the Bang system is' hot!},,..
feasible and practicable" where cir-
cumstances warrant.its operation.
According to the views of the Expori-
There's ' time in the - package
Time to do -the many things ordinarily
put off on wash -day, For Rinso does not
keep you standing over the wash -tub,
rubbing until your back aches and your
hands are red and sore.
Rinso, an'entirely different:'kind of``soap;
soaks clothes clean. Rubbing' and boiling .
are unnecessary. The big soapy Rinso,
suds gently. loosen. the' most ground -in
;dirt without weakening a single 'thread.
`Buy a package ,, today,
On sale at all,good grocers
and department stores._..
LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED
TORONTO
Why I Keep My Mower
Sharp. '
BY WALTER S. EBLING.
As a boy on the farm did you learn.
to mow hay with the scythe? You were
careful of what became of the blade,
for. it was harder to swing when the
edge became dulled.'
But when one .sits on .the mower
with the horses furnishing • the. power,
it' is more easy to forget. that worn
cutting parts make the .work harder.
We have learned that the power of
I; three horses may actual!
y y be required
to pull effectively. 'a two -horse mower
when it is very dull .and some of the
I parts are badly worn.
I
The knife is only half the, problem
forced by lights and skillful feeding,
is likely to Inean lower summer pro'
duction: But, in any event, -experience
has .. thoroughly convinced me that,;
measured by the bank account the
farm flock. Heavy winter production,1
$10 to $15 each, with others, consider-
ed too young by the buyers, sold as
low as $5 each. .The week following,
four loads •of Western lambs brought
$15.25 per hundred while poor spring
lambs -from nearer points brought only
$5 each. R,eally good calves, sold,
around May 10th, brought as high as
$12, While common to medium, coni -j
mended prices ranging fron'i $9 down,
to,$5.: Hogs were slightly higher that•
Week than during the previous week,
hilt there was the same discrepancy in
prices between the,good and the ordi-1
p
nary, selects' sellingg on he average
'for $12.47 and extra heavies for $9,87, j
in developing trade, quality is a first,
essential, and therefore is a strong
selling factor, whether it be live stock)
or sonic other product in which we l
.do business for .export, Increased do -
mastic consumption and satisfied cus-
tomers ; Can only be obtained on the
basis of a palatable article.
,,14100111,111#1.01,144, ..^MANti.dililtIONOMIlieiN11114.11110111.1.
ord User5.
TRAN8l v VAPORIAE R8
Save 2504 to 40% of oatellrjo.
tillitC'C'y tofhrrtimi. If ?tut (AL1? fur mint' Cb ilaiy
irIol,'VW* 0.0 snob,
40eettaoft' DIV 111totoit$
8 trttntl&a stroot W ,1 Toroltin
effort to get eggs when prices make
thein most profitable will be followed
by results worth while.
Lesson of the Live Stock
Markets.
A survey of the current market re-,
ports issued by the Live Stock Branch,.
indicates an unusually wide 'difference
in the prices for good cattle as com-
pared with those for common, Those'
offering fairly, well finished stock aro.
realizing satisfactory prices and aid-
ing in keeping the market in geed
tone.
At Toronto, during the week end
ing May 10th, choice steers, ,animals
well bred and properly fed, brought
$7.75 per hundred pounds, while coins.
�...
mon kinds of
d sold as low as , ,r,25 e
hundred, This means that a good steer,:
weighing 1,200 pound, would bring
$98, while a poor thin slyer, weighing
say goo' pounds, would ,fetch. only $42,
a difference of $5:L In di report of
the week previous, it is shown that,•
good quality gpring lanibe sold; from
of keeping the mower sharp. A mow-
er cuts like a pair of shears. No mat-
ter how sharp the blades of a pair of
shears may be, they will not cut prop-
erly unless firmly held together.
The knife can readily be sharpened,
but the ledger plates when worn must
be replaced, either by putting new
ones into the guards or by replacing
the entire 'guard. As the guard is
usually bent or worn by the time the
ledger plate becomes dulled, it is often
better to replace the whole guard
rather than merely the plate.
If the sections no longer fit down
closely upon the ledger plates, there
are usually two causes for the play-
wear of the clips which hold the knife
down, and wear of the steel wearing
plates which support the knife in the
rear. The clips can be hammered
down and the wearing plates may be.
taken out and turned over, so that the
unworn under side comes into use, or
they may be ,replaced bynew ones.
With a few dollars' worth of new
parts and a few hours of work. I have
seen smooth -running, clean -cutting
mowers made out of machines that at
first appeared to be ready for the junk,
pile. The life of the mower is in the
cutting parts -the gears and truck do
not readily wear out.
Seven pointsto be considered in
keeping the mower In good .'cutting
shape are:
1. Keep the knife sharp and the
sections tight. ;
2' iKeep sharp ledger• plates in the
guards, These do' not . wear very
rapidly. '
3. Iaeep all the guards level by
ending, or shimmingibetween the bar
and guards. Test thein by laying' the
edge of a carpenter's square on the
ledger plates.
4. Replace the wearing plates when
they `become worn so as to cause the
tips of the sections • to raise from the
ledger plates:
5. Replace the knife head guide or
shim it for •adjustment when it be-
comes worn.
6. Keep the clips hammered down
just tight enough to, eliminate play hut'
not to bind.
7. The sections should centre at
least approximately in the guards at
the extreme end of the pitman stroke
when the pole is held about 30 inches
from the ground:
Quebec and British Columbia, "` al-
though there are many acres of un-
employed land suitable for cranberry
culture. A ,point made is that,, as a
very large portion of the, crop we im-
port from the United States it grown
at Cape Cod, the freight haul from
there is verylittle less, if any, than it.
would be if the Eastern Canadian•pro-
ducer desired to ship to,:the western
markets. It would appear, therefore,
that there is opportunity for the more
extensive -development of the industry.
The • pamphlet contains'information as:.
to the nature of the 'siterequired, the
system of. cultivat o Towed ;:
;b ,fc l ,
1. t►� e- �,.
1 the; enemies to be semis, lited, and the
cost of preparation. An, instance is
given of a sixteen acre, bog in Nova
Scotia that was purchased, cleared,
( turfed, ditched, sanded, dyked, ; and
planted for $4,500. Although the cost
is 'comparatively large, the profits
from" bogs are quite in proportion to.
the cost, when they are properly
handled. Forty to fifty barrels an
acre are often obtained, and thirty
barrels are the average.
•
Translated literally the word "hall -
but" means "holy flounder."
Knowledge hurts nobody; ignorance.
and stupidity can well be left behind.
-Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, the famous
surgeon.
TENTS, AWNINGS,
FLAGS and SAILS
ALSO
B 0 A T HARDWARE, GUNS,
AMMUNITION, FISHING
TACKLE, GOLF GOODS AND
.GENERAL CAMPING OUTFITS,
Tents to Rent fcr all purposes:.
The Pike nnited
1 Co.,,
MANUFACTURERS
123 KING ST. EAST, TORONTO
SPORTING GOODS HOUSE
‘‘Eastlake"
Galvanised Copper-bearInp
"Metallic" .Shingles
Fire, Lightning, Rust and Storm
Proof r Metoillo RoOff shed olsan
Rain. Water
Send Postal Card for Folder ''E"
The Metallic Roofing Co.
'Limited 404
3194 King•St. Wa,. TOronto
Cranberry Culture,
Cranberries, 'in the opinien of Mr,,
M. ,B. Davis, Chief` Assistant to the
+i
Dominion Horticulturist) and author
of the bulletin "Cranberry Industry
and Its ?oesibiljties iii Canada," could
be profitably grown a good gdeal ,•,lore'
extensively in this country than they
are. At present eranberrics az'e culti
vat: ti in Canada only on a few bogs, in :..i
N'a'va':Scotia,' ,t'rinee Ildwnrd Island,
A TREATISE
THE IORSE
Wt
,Ica
-lee°E'NO, 23.-'