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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1922-10-05, Page 3Canada's Place in the Empire By Professor Willie Caldwell of McGill University. A short while ago a great event in trading assoolattons about the organl- Canadian history took place. `Phis was the removal of the embargo upon the import of Canadian cattle, while still alive, into England. It will be difficult at once to under - steed the true significance of this step, but although it -would seem to be Pure- ly a business matter, it will, in .effect, have a great influence upon the rela- tionship between the Old Country and her Dominion, Canada is a dominion Within the Empire, made up of nine provinces;• each of which :has it own history and its own constitutional rights under. the Dominion and the British Crown. Waiting and Watching. They have all been ,taught to look upon themselves as equal •members with other states and territorities of the British Commonwealth, and as such they must be recognized, if they are to continue to be part a the Em- pire,- "They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safe- ty," said Benjamin Franklin; and ..he was very right. His words might well be adopted as a motto for the continu- ance of the Britislh: Empire, for each component part of .that Emipre must ample that she still is before the believe implicitly in the liberty and world; free development of British Communi- This Way for Prosperity. ties. In Canada, men still "work to live" Unless the embargo upon Canadian are still above their mare occupations, grave danger that thethree chief west- zatien for .tlie Empire and for tbe world, of the Empire's resources, Again, a study of Canada's economic history will obviously afford to the. Metli.erl:and a great many lessons about that necessary free economic de- velopment of all parts, of the. British Empire, that must go on if that Eire pire is to hold together. Now Canada, like the United States of America, has a population composed of millions, of people from allover the world, There are Czecho, - Slovakians, Germans, Poles, Russians, Norwegians Greeks, Rumanians -• sipriniChags, in fact, from every nation, ' America finds her polyglot popila- tion. trouble•Sonne, but. Canada does not. Again, she can give .a lesson --this• time to America -by showing bow these fpreigners may be educated in loyal and constitutional ideals, and housed in peace and, contentment. She is thus a great steadying factor in these days of reaction and Bolshe- vism_ in the International labor world. In Canada, too, you can see the "ef- ficiency" of which the Americans na- turally make so much, held in checks by • the ideals of liviiig, the personal traditions and the social standards that have so long kept Britain the ex - instead of "living to work," and they cattle had been removed there was Britons always try to be as .• ern wove sea d. Canada would act for. Canada, 'then, has an unrivalled post- BUILDER themselves and look in other direr- tion,and though a poet may have said: MASTER tions for freedom than Britain. "East is East and West is West, and . It is not difficult to see where they never the twain shall meet," Canada OF N .TaE WILDS would turn. The virile and enterpris- will do her best to see that they do, netUnited States are their nearest and that the coming together shall neighbors; and if they turned there for bring all prosperity to the British Em - solace, as Mr. Larkin, the High Com- pire, and thus to•the world. missioner for Canada, said to me the w other day: "Where would the British He's a®ne- Empire be then?" Hefty The 'recent Fordney Tariff of the How much does a big elephant, a United. States has cut off from West- gull -grown "tusker," weigh? ern Canada the actualities and possi- Recent •inquiry disclosed the fact bilities of a great deal of trade with that nobody seemed to know. The the United States. keeper of the elephant house at a city Settling the Cattle Routes. zoo, wlio thought he knew all there Moreover, the price of railway ship- was to know about $he paobydermc, was obliged to confess that he could meats of goods and cattle has of re -not answer the question. cent years been enormouslyal:igh, so F u rt h e r investigation, however, high, in fact, that farmers sometimes elicited the information that an Asia - could nothope to sell their produce tic elephant of average size weighs. for a big enough price to pay the cost about 6,400 pounds. The celebrated of transport. Jumbo, the largest elephant ever Add to this the vexed question of known, weighed 15,000 pounds. An - the great deficit sthe Canadian Gov - other giant elephant tipped the scales ernment Railways,, and the cost of the at 9,600 pounds and was then esti- transcontinental line, and it will seem mated at 11,000 pounds, but the scales no wonder that the farmers have wish - would not weigh that much the ed for years that the markets of motherland were really open to them for live cattle Inspiration Strikesron Har- There are two great routes in Cana- monious Song. da. One runs north and south, from. One day, it is said, Handel was,over- Canadian farms to American cities taken by a shower while passing on just across the border, while the other foot through the Village of Edgeware, lies : eastand west, across • Canada, en the outskirts of London, and took through Vancouver and Winnipeg, refuge in the house of one Powell, a from the Atlantic to the Pacific. blacksmith. Under shelter of the If Canadian cattle ceased to travel smithy he watched Powell at his work. from west to east, Canada would be- As he labored at the anvil, the black - come more and more lost to Britain and the Empire. For years it looked as if the embar- go were foreleg them to travel per- manently from north: to south BEAVER THE EMBLEM OF CANADA. • ..: Some Munster Diamond It was two and a half teethes long, biuisli white, and irregular in shape like the broit�en-off end of an ici.ele, in fila centre of it was a bl.aik spot, to get rid of which it had to be out in halves, From one half was eta the Jubilee, 239 carats, at that time the biggest out diamond in existence, and un- equalled kn faultless perfection of col or, lustre, and water, It was given tQ Queen Victoria en the fiftieta aniii- versary of her .coronation. The other half ways cut into ten pieces, ; the three largest of which weighed resiieotively ;158, 147'and 130 carats. Taken by themselves, they were among' the most superb diamond crystals ever seen. They were cut to a "pear," a "drop" an,i a "marquise," all absolutely perfect. But the huge Ezceeleior wee in its turn dwarfed by the Culliman, found four years later at the Premier mine, in tbe Transvaal, • It weighed 3,254 carats, or a little over one and a third pqunds avoirdupois. From it were cut a number of.magnificent diamonds, principal of which was a "drop bril- liant" of 516% carats, two, and three tenths inches long and one and eight - the Orange River Colony. The Mone. tenths inches broad, valued at $5,000, - weighed 970 carats, or more than 000. It was presented to King Edward seven ounces. VII, alp to date twenty-five dia,inoiide ilgve been found in South Africa that weighted over 100 carats, and nine of these were big eiwugh to yield out gems of over 100 carats weight. The first of thein, known as the Star of • South Africa, weighed 288 .carats, and was cut to 135 carats, it was Round' iii 1867 by a trader named p'hteilly In Griqueland West. Ile was staying' overnight with a Boer named Van Newkirk, whose little girl wad playing with a large and very bright. pebble, The Boer gave it to O'Reilly, who sold. it to Sir Philip Wodehouse,. governor of the colony, for $1,000. It was afterwards bought for $55,000 by the Earl of :Dudley. The Imperial, found at the Cape dig- gings in 1884, weighed 457 carats ,and was for •a while the largest diamond ever known in the world. It was priced at $1,000,000, and cut to a "bril- liant," became the property of the I3ri tisk crown.' It was altogether dwarfed, towever, by the Jagersfonteln diamond—other- wise known as the Excelsior -which in June, 1893, was picked up by a negro workman at Jagersfontein, in it. We must take it in turns. Come along, and I']d show you." • Thus it was that Mr. and Mrs. Beav- er made a temporary home in a bur- row, which, starting under water, ex- tended inwards and upwards, ter- minating in a nice chamber just above water level. Here the first family was born, and while Mrs. Beaver was attending to them her husband was planning out his grand scheme for a settlement. Although Less Than Yard in Length, Tail and All, He Constructs Dams 300 Yards Long. "I think that this will suit us," said young Mr. Beaver to his bride. They had halted beside a small, clear stream in the virgin forests of Northern Canada, and had travelled aid of his wife, dragged them to the some distance at considerable risk, for water, wolverenes were plentiful thine sum- ' .Left to themselves• they would have neer, and every beaver knowe.that this it fated away; but when the beavere animal loves beaver meat. added their weight to them they sank Young Mrs. Beaver was stripping to' the bottom of the river, and were the bark off a young willow and eating there held down while the little archi- n delicately. She and her '•linzsband tects and builders s•.raped sufficient lived largely on such fare. gravel and stone on them to keep "It's• time we did settle down," she ee,a 3sr down. remarked, as she sat on her haunches With his, powerful t:eee, worked by jaws of singular strengtb, Mr. Beaver cut down several small trees, and, re- nioving . the bark,brought it home, come being used up at once, and some stored for the winter. Generally the trees he felled were six or seven inches in diameter, but several were bigger. These he cut into convenient lengths, and, with the erection soon . growing higher ' and One's Future "Self. higher, Sometimes a portion would "He sold his . birthright"—'twos be carried away, but perseverance pre--oldu said, veiled., and at last the dam rase al"ove "And What use shall•bis birthright be the usual level of the water and forced to me?" it to spread. The future thus he mortgaged thought - to Then the dam bad to be extended lessdy, to either side, so that the' pond was When esssionblinded appetite he fed. was artificially until a lade, :sheet ofre wadered The summer that he migbit have seen was artificially made, which rendered the beavers safe was dead. against •a rapid rise Yea, dead, thrice dead, ere it was born; in the stream, as hrappene when water and when runs between narrow bank•% or against He found his choice could not be made drought, which would leave their home again, open to attack by land animals: Thrice bitter of e dam was but a foot high when and looked about. her. "There's ple K5:, came upon them. Already it h re.'.. Itteg a coineeet form, sothat it "What I suggest is that we. Shoff 'tire least possible resisstince'to first of all make, a home in the ba ream, and it was twenty feet in of the stream and build a lodge later, nth. said Mr. Beaver. rhe winter was a time of danger. "Very well, only don't lose time," The river froze, and there was trouble leis wife answered, "Even if it's not in keeping open a hole in the ice by the sort of home to which I've been ae- which to leave and enter the home in smith sang an old song, while the customed, it will be better than n••oth- strokes of the hammer resounded in thee, regular cadence with the uotes, and Dealing With Danger. Handel perceived that the sounds from the anvil were in the same key as Young Mr. Beaver plunged, almost Lessons to be Learnt.' those of the song and formed a sort silently, into the water and disappear - Then came the wise removal, and of continuous bass to it. The song ed, while his wife went on with her another link was Forged binding Cana - with, its accompaniment lingered in dinner philosophically., for, left to da to the Commonwealth, the memory of Handel, and the same themselves, wild animals are usually - Now for a few more definite word 1 '1 hicaabout Canada and her place within the British Empire. • Firstly, Canada is a link between two great peoples. We, in Canada, un- derstand the British people far 'better than ,the Americans do, and we under- stand the Americans far: better than the British people do. We are a "go-between" in the best sense, as all wise Americans admit, between the British Commonwealth and the United States. Republic. That is our first duty as a link: and a very important one, for the world cannot continue to progress. without understanding and getting into better touch with the United States. Then there is our liason with. France, At present, one-third of our whole population is French, and we have. thus a means of creating and main- taining sympathy with France. As an. officer of the Montreal group, of tbe. Alliance Francaise, I think this sympathy of ours• through Canada with France is a matter of great importance, to -day, if the world"is to be kept bank from the suicide of the "next war." But Canada has another aspect just as important. Besides being a link, she is also a lesson., To -day, all Countries of the world ere looking round to find some means Of ensuring national stability. The, realization that world prosperity can- not be ensured by violence and war is ale,sson that has been severely driven home. Ireland and India are two countries whose ecattomic and political methods need a great deal of revision, and it has: often 'been suggested that-- a scheme similar to the Dominion idea should he applied to them. Whether that is so or not, at least,. they' could both with profit be run with that economic soundnes which' char- acterizes Canaria. In short, • they could learn a.les•son from us which would be worth many revolutions aril cent- paigne of propaganda. Beating Bolshevism. s evening he composed "The Harmoni- p ii crap tea . Presently he returned, a little puffed froneataying so long under water. "I've found the right starting place, between some big roots," he said. "It's gravelly, and we can soon burrow into vegetable fibre, rushes, and twigs, the ous Blacksmith." a I have .,even Heaven, for I have looked into the leveelit eyes of a good woman. the bank. Then when the spring same, floods threatened to invade the the beaver colony grew peaceful once sleeping chamber, wed the small I more. Mrs. Beaver again had a family family ,had to,prepare to leave it. of three, who were born with their iter were the rueful tears he All through the warm summer shed. nights the beavers wore -.ed, Mrs. Beav- er in the meantime having to attend to What is the kind of man you fain a second family. Then in the early would be? autumn of the second year came the What harvest of the years demand? building of the 'first lodge. Ah, know It was started in the middle of the If you would have a body strong and pond near the dam. Fragments of free wood and interlaced rushes were A furnished mind, -a will that like a worked together with mud until at last a domed dwelling rose which, Shoots bow arrow Straight, take when finished, was nearly twenty feet pains to see in diameter. So thick were the walls That in life's spring his wheat, not that the home itself was only seven chaff, you sow! feet round and three feet in height, —Alexander Louis Fraser, the floor being on a level with the water outside. _– Around the lodge a deep ditch was excavated, too deep to be entirely frozen, and the entrance to the lodge was here, two feet under the surface. When the lodge was built, more mud was puastered en the outside above the water -line, mixed with moss and small branches, and smoothed by the beaver's broad, fiat tail as by a build' rived from the Greek verb "kalend," tele trowel, In winter this froze into ",to proclaim:' Thio high priest used to 'an' loon -like masssi, sa that when the watch, for the new' moon, and on its wolverene Scrambled over the ice and appearance would summon the people tried to break in, he could make no ,to the Capitol, where the new month impression on it, and the beavers was proclaimed. dozed away •]n security. The name January was given to eom Extending the Family Horne. . memorate the two-faced god Janus, But the otters moved away to other life in hunting grounds in time, anand March is derived from Mars. the al god of war. April was derived from • the verb "aprilis," meaning "to open,' thus signifying the period when plants open out after their winter sleep. May took its name from Maia, the mythical mother of the god Mercury, to whom sacrifices were offered on the first of this month. Similarly, June was the name given to tee month dedicated to the god Juno. July was so called in memory of Julius Caesar, and August was called after the Emperor Augustus, as it was said to be his lucky month. The remaining months take their names from their order in the Roman calendar. Thus September from see)- ! amus or seven, October signifying tbe eighth month, November the Ninth, and December the tenth. Christening the Months. The names of our months are de- rived from the Romans, whose calen- dar showed March as the first month of their year. Later, two other months were added, and were known as Janu- ary and February. The word "calendar" itself is de - eyes open. How, They Solved the Housing Work was• plentiful. The ends of Problem. the dam had to be repaired and length - But the danger passed, and with ened, and as this was done the pond Open weather the labor •of making the grew in extent. dam was continued, the young family Flood -water ran through, the top now working with their parents. layers of the dam, and a cut -way was Thousands of logs were added to also made for it in a fashion which those already in position, and these showed that the beavers had thought were cemented together with mud, the matter out and had met it scien- vitZf eakeekeeeeeeeeaVageeeeeeseseeeeeheetee tifieally, That summer another lodge was built, and the dam strengthened and enlarged, and year by year this• went on, until the dam was three hundred yards long, ten feet thick at the base, and six feat in height a piece of work which would have absorbed the ener- gies of a large gang of men. Wayside Sayings of the World. A man among cihldren will be long Tool Truths. a child. Tools in everyday use, such as the God writes straight on crooked lines. • hammer, pincers, saw, etc., illustrate God looks to clean hands, not to full in a special and extremely interesting ones.—English. manner the truth of the proverb that Honor won't patch. ---Scottish. "Necessity is the mother of invention." An inch is a great deal on a nose. The hammer is simply another hu- Never bolt your door with a boiled man fist and forearm—the fist tibe carrot.—Irish. hammer -head and the forearm the Nothing wipes your tears away but handle. • your own hand Egyptian. Pincers . are but a stronger thumb A sponge to wipe out the past; 5 and forefinger. rose to make the present sweet; and The saw, in steel, is but a close imi- a kiss to salute the future. tation of the jaw of the rattlesnake. The best preacher is the heart; the The fork—the table variety as well best teacher is time; the best book is as the garden instrument—is but a the world; the best friend is God. human hand, with the prongs oorres- To love a thing makes the eye blind, ponding to the fingers. the ear deaf, --Arabic and Talmud. The spade is but a big human hand. Public money is like hely water: To -day, the natural action of a child is everybody smileselpe himself a msrlttty woman aro to dig with its hands. It has to be taught the use of a 'spade. the tears of the purse.—Oriental, Tus- The rake is but the hand again, with can and Italian, the fingers bent at the middle joint. To contradict sometimes means to It will be observed that nearly all knock at the deer to know if there is the above are p reeohauical improve. anyone in the house. ments on the human frame, Lazy people are always anxious to The world would stop to-inarrow if be doing something.—Pannell, Maxi - we no "hammers" save the can and others. tliero htlnUtn fist and area Yet the latter is Ta, allow Bac 'de Janeina, the Sowtlt= all that Nature has provided us with, It would thus seen that the conteu-' Atm -loan .city, to !grow, a nieuntain is tion of some—that .the human race 'being removed, the main, power being was not created for hard toil --is con. 'water sunt at high pressuxa against v... reet, The human body is fearfully and the obstruction. .,-.�.�,v..� -- -• � wonderfully made, but itis not equip- Deep correct time. Stant on time - Arrive CANADA'S WHEAT ON THE WAY TO MARIeT grading of the wheat clop et West, pod for liaiiitnering digging, etc. on time. Work on time, ''inisai These illustrations chow some of the several Steps hi the itespeetlea tied grads g Sel-realest is fire marls of a man Sin •strikes directly at it. eerie in the office e$ the graders. ie,xi G .� • plc me is of a grader anri liis helper in a ear of wheat, is a ern Canada on its way to the markets of the world, One 1 • ate }til saga»le do s Froin the railroad cars; <i tli rel is To come nearer home, there lofting samples from t�l:-e same; another a coile:etor of .small s , great deal boiYiid to -day in Britain d at thebawl' t the Lakes c"aSsilyit g and "tabulating the various sainplds, by lybards trf trade and il'tt@r�1i111itpir9 a e an. on time, Leave an Mime. 1rr this wary ample time is allowed for tboxaugif Ytee.