HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1922-07-27, Page 6Some Recent Investigations
on Poisonous Plants,
Since the ;publication in 1920 of Bul-
letin No 'S9 Second Series by Miss
P. Py s, on. P
a + le• " I'r
address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West, .Toronto
The Advantages and Disadvantages of ed; The suggestion of a trial wound
the ]?all . Breeding of Mares. be in order where the neeess• cue
The breeding of mazes in the fall) claims are available, by breeding
vivre this fail F•ar foaling nest fall any
portunitis looked upon byof many as a last op- time from September to December.
where
to ere the mare in foal, —Geo. B. Rothwell, Dominion Animal
for one reason or another she Iuabandman.
was not bred nor could not Ibe settled
earlier in the season. This is but a
sauperficial consideration of the case.
There are decided advantages in the
regular practice of fall breeding,
The Advantages.
More work for the mare. Much of
the dual capacity of the mare for
work and increasing her speeies ie lost
'when she foals in May or June. Undee
ideal conditions for the foal, she should
spend several weeks or the better part
of the summer on pasture. On the
average farm then, where horse power
is limited, the in -foal mare cannot be
heavily worked for a short time before
she foals or worked at all for some
months after, Where, however, she
does not foal until late fall, her ser-
vices are availablewhen they are in
urgent demand and she
is exerting the
other side of her dual capacity, foal
rearing, in the winter, ashen cm most
farms she would, be idle or compara-
tively idle in any case. An animal
that can work at two such fundament-
ally necessary jobs as the above and.
accommodate her work to the seasonal
demands so effectively is indeed al-
most a perfect power plant.
Stronger foals at birth: What, in
general, is the fundamental cause of
weak foals? .Invariably lack of ex-
ercise or the too heavy feeding of
grain to the mare in the winter. In
this connection, "exercise" does not
Autumn Care of Sheep.
Next year's profits from the flo•*
depends largely on, the care during
the autumn. The lambs must be kept
growing, and the breeding stock must
be thrift', Ewes in poor condition hi
the breeding season will usually bring
single lambs and have a small milk
flow. On the other hand, fat ewes
are usually difficult to get in lamb
and often give trouble hi lambing. To
give efficient service, the ram should
be in a good thrifty condition. '
The fork should be -carefully culled
in the fall. Old ewes, ewes with de-
fective teeth or damaged udders, and
all ewes which have shown themselves
indifferent breeders or poor mothers
should be discarded.To replace those
should
a
discarded, the best ewe lambs
be kept, and because of the tendency
for like to produce like, preference
should be given to twin lambs and to
lambs from ewes which have proved
themselves good: breeders and mothers.
The ram used with the flock should be
the 'best obtainable, and 'both ram and
ewes should be fed liberally* so that
they will be in thrifty condition at
the time of 'breeding.
The lambs should be weaned early
in August. This gives the ewe a
chance to rest before the breeding
season. After the lambs have' been
weaned the ewes should be put on poor
•inti al Poisonous
Plants of. Canada,' some furtherin
vestigations have been made on ,ver,
ious other species,
Orab-grass or Finger -grass (pani~
cum sanguinale L) is an annual plant
Which has been introduced from Eur -
staggers in sheep in New South Wales,
Australia.
There . is also a case en record of
cows having died after, eating green
potato tops.—J. Marns, Botanist,
Fruit and Vegetable Pests
Numerous.
The Entomological Branch of the
Dominion Department of Agriculture,
•dealing with the insect conditions in
June,' report the grape leaf hopper
ope and now occurs in Eastern Canada articularly active in the Niagara dis-
and also in the Priarie Provinces, It' trict• the tent "caterpillar especially
has been looked upon with suspicion
as the cause of a disease affecting cat-
tle on different farms in Maryland,
Fowl Meadow -grass (Glyceria nerve
ata Trim) is a perennial species grow -
numerous in the Maritime provinces
and fairly so throughout Canada; the
Bud moth unusually abundant in Nova
Scotia, Ontario and British Columbia;
the gooseberry borer busy in southern
Quebec; the measuring worm giving
Mg on wet ground from Newfound- trouble in British Columbia orchards,
land to Vancouver Island. It contains i the currant sawfly and sla
`hydrocyanic acid and some cases of
cattle poisoning have been attributed
to it.
Sea Arrow -grass (Triglochin marl-
-Ulna L.) does not belong to the Grass
family as the naive would imply. It is
a perennial plant with a tuft'of rime
row leaves and a spike of incoesplcu
ous flowers. It occurs in, salt rnarshes
en both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts
and is found in similar situations on
the prairie. It contains a substance
which breaks up in the stomach into
hydrocyanic aeid gas. It is poisonous
both to sheep and cattle and is far
more dangerous when cut and dried
anworm
heard from in Quebec and Ontario; the
strawberry root wormcausing injury
in southern Ontario; the strawberry
weevil .showing vitality in the Mari-
time provinces andthe strawberry
root weevil (a different speeies) in
British • Columbia. Successful efforts
are being made in southern Ontario to
check the activities of the rose chafer,
but the raspberry leaf -roller is unusu-
ally prevalent in southern Ontario,
where the San Jose scale as also in evi-
dence. The canker worm is also rioted
in certain sections of Ontario. As re-
gards vegetables, cutworms are re-
ported morenuinerous than usual; flea
beetles are particularly injurious on
potatoes, turnips, tomatoes, etc., and
the onion maggot is exceptionally ac-
tive in parts' of Ontario Quebec and
as hay.
Common St. John's Wort (Ilyperi
cum perforatum L.) is a perennial
plant with opposite leaves and showy
yellow flowers. It is a native of Eur-
ope but has been .introduced into East -
eau Canada and British Columbia. Ob-
servations made on this plant in New
South Wales, Australia, when in flow-
er, have shown that it is injurious to
sheep and cattle.
Investigations made on certain trees
have.ahown that they possess more
or less poisonous properties. The
Western Choke -cherry. (Prunus dem-
issa Nutt.) occurs in Alberta and Brit-
ish Columbia. It contains a substance
which gives rise to hydrocyanic acid..
The leaves of species of Oak (Quer
cus) may prove fatal if eaten ex
elusively for sixteen to thirty-five
days.
Henbit (Lamium amplexicauie L,) is
an anuai plant with opposite leaves
and reddish purple flowers It has been
introduced from Europe and has been
found in Eastern Canada and in Brit -
necessarily mean standing outside on pasture for a few days to, dry up the
the lee side of a straw stack. Exercise milk flow. After that they should
of the best kind is derived from woof. be put on a pasture that will keep
3,udioleusly given, where plenty them rather under good store eondi-
4resh air notYdo
only is,but must be, not n. Three weeks before breeding, or
only drawn but forced through the' about the 10th of October, the ewes.
lungs and where the 'scavenging er { should be flushed. This may be done
cleansing organs of the body function by turning them into a good clover
at highest efficiency; and the foetus i aftermath and feeding half a pound •of
being an integral part of the mare is I grain per day to each ewe. If treated
similarly benefited by this insured in this manner the ewes will be just
cleansing, I passing good store condition when
The foregoing explains the fact thatbred. If the ewes are treated in this
there is a higher percentage of strong' way they will breed regularly, and
foals in fall. Undoubtedly it also ex- it have a larger percentage of twins and
plains, in a more obscure way, the fact a aborter'lambing period next spring,'
that there is a remarkably low per- I The ram should be taken from the
tentage of joint -ill cases in foals corn . flock in August and put m a fair p
as-
ing at this time of the year• 1 tura. About the first of October ofhe
Gives the foal a better chance for: should be given. a : grain ration
the first year. The fall, born foal is about one pound of grain, preferably
individual at birth. i oats,each day. The ewes should have
vsnally an active -I t , before
As a sols it"can get
considerable ex-; tails clipped putting the
October and ram with them. •The ram should be
excise on pasture- during . 4 .
November, on fine days. It does nett marked with red ochre on the breast
suffer from heat, or from having to, so that records can be kept of the
follow a hungry mare over a bare sheep which are bred. During the
pasture. The files that render the life breeding season the ram should get a
of the foal almost binendureible in liberal gram ration to keep him in
summer are gone. I good thrifty condition,
There is no healthier environment) After the breeding season the ewes
for a strong, shaggy -coated foal thando not require grain until three weeks
the barn -yard in winter for . a few a before lambing, if good clover hay
hours each day, particularly where : and roots are fed.
there is a shed or shelter; this and a The destruction of ticks and lice, by
box stall,preferably well ventilated, dipping the sheep, must by no means
make conitions for healthy and rapid , be forgotten. This should be done
growth, other things being equal. Fin- , during the warmer weather of early
ally, the foal is weaned from his fall, For tides one thorough dipping
for lice least.two
clothes, and faces the more trying- will be required;
summer conditions in a much different must be given at ten-day' intervals.
condition from that of his spring -born There are several good dips available.
brother. ( The ,. Canadian Co-operative Sheep
The Disadvantages. 1 Breeders Association is an excellent
Stallions not always available. Un-', source of supply for these and for all
less there is a stallion on the farm or sheep requisites:
owned. near by, it is often impossible; The lambs when weaned should be
to breed a mare out of the regular , put on a good pasture, preferably
season, when stallions are on the road,; clover. This should be supplemented
stag
ndin for service, or leased- to as- ° by some green feed such as rape, and
saeiations. I a grain ration of a quarter of a pound
Some mares difficult to breed. Cer-of grain per day. It is good practice
taro mazes will be found almost irn-1 to feed the young lambs liberally as
passible to breed outside the natural they make their most economical gains
I
season.. While this is a decided diffi- i when young, arida lamb that has been
culty, the fact remains that in many I checked never does as well as one`
bases it is one of theory only, existing which has been kept .growing.
in the mind of the owner and not Success with sheep means careful
troubling the marc at all. weeding, breeding and feeding, and
In general, this practice of fallat no time is this: more important
breeding of mares is to be recommend- ..than in the fall.
British Colunibia.
Poultry fever is a goad fairy at
work.: It takes one into the open air,
gets one interested in, live things,
gives interest .m something besides
bad feelings, and puts one in line for
better health and longer life, If suc-
cessful, well and good; if a failure,
more is gained than lost.
The taste of roses, either leaves or
bl'osseres, is not liked by fowls, con-
sequently rosebushes may be safely.
planted inside : the poultry run. The
fowls keep the bushes free from in -
sects. - Olimbing varieties db well on
the poultry fencing. By the judicious
use of roses, an unsightly chicken
yard can be made into a spot of beau-
ty. The ground around the bushes
has to be spaded occasionally to loosen
the soil, and protected with wire .net
ting, or the chickens will scratch the
ish Columbia. It is said to produce dirt away from the roots.
Hired Hand or Partner?
--Ey Russell . Ad'ams
To be strictly candid, I am: l
I have a problem to solve; I look
around until I locate a magi who has
solved itto his entire satisfaction-
then I take advantage of his exper-
ience.
That's why I spent last Sunday
day
visiting with Tom Ewing, for Tom
solved the farm -help problem as satis-
factorily as any man I know of.
"It'sas easy to keep a good' man
as it is to keep a good team, and just
as profitable," was Tom's Janswer to
my leading question. fired
"In the old days I hired,: and
pretty regularly; I'd hire anybody who
happened to drop in, and if he didn't
suit me he didn't last long.
"In those days, practically` all faren
labor belonged to `The Rambling Rov-
ers'; single men roaming from prov-
ince to provihice across the country, of the short rows and much turning in
Very seldom would you see a married cultivating. He planted the patch
to
man. hunting work on a faxen, for the tomatoes and potatoes and marketed
reason that land was cheap and he the stuff in the city, twenty-five miles
started out on a place of his own, brit, away, while hauling for me. Oit' a
tt scant two acres of ground he sold al
to -day it isquitedifferent.
"For the last five years I have. ern- most $300 worth of vegetables, and;
ployed one man (a married man by he was as tickled as a boy with, his
the way) steadily and, taking every= first gun: : forced to sell his
thing into consideration, he is the most "If Fred had been
profitable man I have ever employed, truck patch products at our shipping.
"Right at the beginning 'I thought I station, it is doubtful whether he
could affordnot man,
to hire a married would have received enough for them
him for his trouble; but by talc -
house,
him living wages, furnish him a to pay
use, a cow, fuel, etc;, but I have ing`them to the city, when the demand
ho he cleared up a splendid
learned "better; he is.the cheapest man was strong,
I have ever hired. profit on his spare time work.
"Ifhire the right man, the " 'What h old ti person pay his
you x
longer he stays with you the more
valuable he becomes. Fred knows as
much about my system of farming as
I do, and such is far from being' the
The Largest Horse Farm.
East of Manitoba.
It is not generally known that the
most important horse' breeding esteb-
housing', the big special barn, part of
iWIling for others: A year ago last
alaiI bought a two -and -a -half ton
farm motor -truck, ,which ` I consider
one of the best investments I have
ever :made. We are only four miles
from' a railroad station, but the motor-
truck.
otor
truck enables one man to do the work
of four men;' four wagons and eight
horses, and has reduced my hauling
costs more than a 'hundred per cent.
In addition it has opened up good mar-
kets heretofore closed to us. The
motor truck has much to do with the.
contentment of my .man, as you will
understand when I tell you that last
spring I told Fred that he could nave
all he raised on.: that little three -
cornered patch you probably noticed
between the river and the corn -field,
below the !bridge. That is rich soil,
�for co
on account
but 'unprofitable
corn
2 LB071
and in packages
Parents as Educators
The Nursery—By,.
" Every home, if possible, should-eon-
tain one room for the child's especial
use. Not that he must always be con-
fined to the nursery, or denied the
privileges of the entire home, but
that he may have the privacy of a
room in which to commence his educa-
tion through play uninterrupted by
many of the activities of the home.
The child should be required to
spend a part of the time inn the nurs-
ery. This he will •gladlb do without
coercion, provided he has a pleasant.
room, suitable toys and 'protection
from intrusion as he attempts to de-
velop his mind through play
There. should be a sunny exposure,
good ventilation and low windows pro-
tected against accident. The child .en-
joys pictures of the outside worldas
seen from the windows. The blue sky,
the windblown ,clouds, rain drops,
wind storms,., sunbeams, fiowers, trees,
and birds afford him a continuous
source of -pleasure. Infactsuc'h;.pic-
tures acted upon by hjs keen imagina-
tion frequently record more vital and
lasting impressions upon the child's
mind than those hung upon the walls.
The walls and woodwork of the
nursery should be finished in soft hare
monious colors, while. the utenost
cleanliness and neatness are neces
sary,
The nursery walls may be relieved
by pictures of interest to the child.
There is a wide selection of suitable
pictures from which to choose. But_
there should always be a picture of
Ellen Creelman.
"Mother and Child," Pictures of the
child's near -at -hand environment, .hu-
man life, plant life, animal life;` na-
turalphenomena, ' also :pictures illus=
trating nursery rhymes. These should
not be hung indiscriminately upon the
walls, or they may destroy the beauty,
/of the room. Many pictures may be
P
kept in portfolios or presented through
picture books.
There should be growing plants in
the window boxes where bulbs and
seeds are frequently planted which the.
child may care for. His interest, in
them is natural and ought to be
cherished.
The furniture should be simple, with
the chairs and tables ` of suitable
height placed correctly as regards the
light. Cushions: are useful upon the
floor•.
There should be .a cabinet with low
shelves and individual places for all..,
toys and play -materials. Every nurs-
ery
should contain a sand table.
The child should play as frequently
as possi1le in the open air, and be
kept away from thedistractions of
the street.
The nursery should be an attractive
room, for the child learns more from
incidental impressions than from di-'
rect teaching. In fact the .child's:
whole environment should aid the nae
tural development . of his mind, pro-
tecting him against undesirable im-
pressions, guiding him happily to-
wards the goal of education—goad
habits.
azy, ,If
the cattle barn partitioned off, eheap
single -boarded shelters; in manage-
ment, work or nor work for breeding
animals, prevention of diseases in
lishment east of Manitoba is situated youngsters, raising autumn colts.
Joachim, County of Montnaor- These in themselves show the advis.
atSi, having such a farm.,
started
a
i
n
sa
fh
ve
r "t
0
m >1
fa ala i
c This y
b .
ee
uas
h
offorg
•oi
f
c
ProvinceQhen help
en y,
started bythe united efforts of What will be the future of the andwas the butter of farm. women; but, him a little extra. income and at the
was ) ? From an investigational point bug in
of Agricttl place believe it is cheaper to � same time causes hien to take an add -
tar ,the Dominion Department uer- many farmers bellthe best
'_ �assured as even a q ist in the work and
of A is to view itc a an, ed' inters
Department � it homes than; tura, the Quebec Depart� tug is not near long take single help into the I the truck 'he feeds that our
add -
culture, and the French-Canadian ter of a century' •• t m loy married eaten furnish! of care of ,
,•o interests lou i
work r
c i
bl
, Theass
' iand
tong
Horse Bi~ceders. Assecra
the first -mined ff t of improvement them a house, fuel, eta., p • Y� we are partners and
is being carried en by
and is under the. direct supervision of
Mr. Gus Langelier who is also Super- breedin
intendant of the Dominion Exper- l distributiol of =pro eenter rise is by the single man, and you can hire
Que. Therel, stock, the future of thatP } ,staywhit you
merits) Station, Cap Rouge, Q
arm re�.11y in the hands of the fafineits of a, married inset who will y
s
farm help?' Why,�pay, him what he neters they booked! One was for
p
is ;worth; some men are worth. $40 a grandmother, one was for Uncle Paul,
month, some $550,' -while. there are and the third was for herself. window
others who. would' be overpaid if they She set them in a row ion the win
to -day and received a dollar a week Worthless sill to cool. A few minutes later,e
let
truth when you hire a man Y hearing a clinking sound, she ran ba
let him go next week or next month: help has ruined more good teams
window. A little bareFoot boy
k
A man must know your system, your, sent more machinery to the1edui1W,hen'to the �tle barefoot girl were going
yourplans before than all other causes. comb and a 1 arch
stock, your and 1 down the road to the blackberry patch,
he can eve you his best service. , 1 we haul far others, we use a scale
and noise that Sylvia had Beard
"preferable to single charges based on• ton -mile haul, i and the it clink -
h.
Married; help is pro -1 was the sound of their tin pails t
net o t
rc
ant.. f
20 e
Fred gets p
help, for one reason at least; coo-king',.Fie
ion been tlhe fit r alized on each haul. This gives ung together.
As Sylvia leaned forward to watch
them she knocked one of her precious
turnovers off the sill. It fell splash
into the little puddle under the window
that had been 'left by the'last rain:
THE CHILDREN'S
HOUR
'd
Apple Turnovers.
One Saturday morning Sylvia put
on .her apron and went into the kitchen
and made three apple turnovers. All
winter she had been learning to cook,
but this was the first' time that she bashfully behind the boy.
had tried to do anything alone. "May we. have a drink of water
As 'she forked jthe last turnover she from your pump?" the boy asked. "We
alt ver scud' of herself. Anda lit went to look for blackberries, but they
f yp
tlo later, i*en she drew the three are all gone."
brown, sugary turnovers out of the As he spoke he 'gazed at the turn
oven she felt !prouder still, Iiow de- over that Sylvia was holding; so did -
Sylvia understood. He had taught a,
whiff of the pastry and with one leap
`w P
I
had captured a :turnover:
"You mean thing!" Sylvia called in-
dignantly. There were tears in her
eyes as she picked rip the last turn-
over and stetted toward the pantry.
A. shadow fell across the floor, and;
she looked tip. Two children were
standing in the door—the same chil-
dren who had passed the house a little
while. before, The - girl was hiding.
h t solve many of the problems. itis o e p' ' tAt are the same he realizes
. ec s o�way, � She went running out to rescue it,
to the e . any - pay higher wages, but that is a vers- that in a l • site of aheadther.
of the Fren•eb Canadian horse accom t Add when ou get .a man to thinking along but the old di g
en idea from start to finish. ; y �:the addle he was
fished thereby and the scope of the, talc demanded that line, you have solved the farm When she reached p
P $15 a month to the wages en
' labor problem to your mutual saris-� shoving •his greedy 'hill, into the soft-
faetien." ened pastry
a,get time to keep"Quack!" uackl" he seal in a satisfied way.
"Tom, how do you Q full back into.
the read along your place in such good•Sylvia went sorrowfully
shape)--everY time 1 come this way the kitchen. The two remaining herm-
it of a paved street," I overs -looked lonely in the window, •
it reminds me
risked. "I'll put them in the pantry the
" that'sF ed and 1 oment they're cool," she. said to her-
Oh, . easy; when x .. zn
return from a trip to town, if we have sell, r ci ae
a spare half -bolas, rove 'bitch the truck But while
she was reading a e 1.
pg
und.
and.fix the road a, (bit. for cookies she heard another so,
Wthe n e -is .l. she saw one of.
We plan en working a full ten hour�;�•lancing up quz,it y,
da` and every minute has to count, the two' turnovers teeter for an in-
ye i
at it 'br'ing's , Stant ion ,e sill 'and then disappear.
iueaping everlastingly to the win
you know" he grinned in With a •cry she hurried
success, ,
reply. ligo
are at present, on the Ilorse-F ,
over e
r ninety
horses,
all pare -bred theProvince of Quebec. If they show
e'n'Clt-
,.etrle on
. , doubtFr
each-
scale
an idea of the enough interest, n
o
. which breeding opeeetions tare? Canadian horses will continue to be
o<srtdueted can be had when it is known! bred at St. Joachim; but if it is found,
that twenty-two mares have young -lout, is irnproibable, that FrencC-
` i stallions and breeding sto k
stars this -year, while tkrirtywfour are Gonad an it
duo to foal in 1923. are not in demand, then will surely
that part of the be in order to look into the question of
It is toy admittedprh C. _ breed for the expert
work is improve p'renc'hWC,,anadian using another .
iorses, but it is also clear` that most mental work at St. J'oachim
home, horse breedizig, In the reeantiine, old Quebec can
of the problems of ,
beii�tn anii',ianagernen;can boast of haying the most important
Feeding, gr i horse 'breeding establishment in Bast -
as'in�'tgiti�iatdt�• as' well -with thisbreed:
as with an/ ether. These problems are ern Canada. »F
,n
inbreeding, close,
line,
nurryeMrouti i ; hi ,feedin A swarm of bees in July i
line, '.and o n erntri te5 r' worth a fly, -.Old Proverb.
ronghagres� concentrates, pastures; ,:n •
not
indefinitely'.- The best part of it is,
that he is always on the job when.
needed. Single` help is prone to rush
away, Saturday afternoon and not
show up until Monday morning, leav-
ing all the Chorea for the boss to do,
but when married help ie employed it
is different; his interests are where
you wish them to he—en the farm.
"How deo I find work for my pian to
do the year around?'
That's The
easiest question to answer that I have
Peen asked lit 'many a day. WO have
our general work to do, about the
same as oii any other, 1.90 -acre &tin
o u fencing, hatllin,g, marketing' and
road work;. besideili, :lvo do consid'orable
the little ,girl.
"Of course you may have some
water," Sylvia said. "But, why, please,
do you look so 'hard at my turnover?"
"Lok so hard at what?" asked the
boy.
"What's a turnover?" asked the girl.
Laughing, Sylvia explained. Then
she went out to the pump with hug
stra lige guests:
When the children had :had F:Qin e
ill
water and were turning to go•they sti
looked wistful. Suddenly Sylvia had
an idea.
"You'd like to taste the turnover,
wouldn't you?" she said. "I -fere!" She
broke the little turnover into halves
and gave one pic:;e to the boy and the
other to the girl. "It's just a taste,
but you're welcome to it."
The children ate the last crumb and
then went away smiling.
When dinner time came Uncle I'aul
said, "Well, Sylvia, where are those
tumiovers you said .you were going to
make?"
"Uncle Paul," said Sylvia, "my
turnovers are gone," ,,.
"Gone? Mat. happened to them?",
asked Uncle Paul. ..: .
Sylvia laughed, "Three things,",site
Y
answered. "But to -morrow IT make
some inose." -Youth's Companion.
Bova She ryas just iii thee to see a
.inecerie tax and enjoys neighbor's' dog running across the
As Tom pays th• h mouth, and
the good things of life along with his
itil!y, 1 believe he is correct,
• To sharpen dull files, put the�rii in
dilute :solution of sulphuric ,acid and
leave. thein there till they are eaten
deep enough, 'test ;twenty ,Cour parts
with with it to tngbn e s of water to one part of acid.
with his tail tucked between kris leg.,: