Zurich Herald, 1922-01-12, Page 6Addreae. eommµrtis:attons to Aaron4mist. 73 Asie!aide St. West, Terent
lected ones separate from all the
other:beans. If your selection has
been carefully' done, you may be sea-
sonably ,certain this seed will produce
a clean crop the following year,
Bean Pod, Spot- or Anthracnose.
Vegetable growers aro familiar
With the .spotting of 'bean pods which
commences' as a dark :red pin paint,
enlarging rapidly, becoming darker in
color and farming a more or less
kidney -shaped canker or sore. Some-
times the pods are nearly all Hoovered
with these sores, rendering therm very tonine line wefts the
unsightly and worthless. The seed hog -raising more s of the ultimate
from infected pods have black or exacting sequiremex
brown 'spots on thein, and invariably market for bacon were arranged for
the plants 'bearing diseased pods will Ontario by the educational ,committee
be seen to have numerous spots on the of the Canadian 'Swine Breeders' As-
leaves and stems, somewhat similar to sociation in the first half of December.
those on the pods, but smaller and The Ontario Dept. of Agriculture co- venin The a�laim that
more elongated. operated by having their district rep- fit in the e g y fairly well during the summer and
g tions have shown that this resentatives bring nine junior farm this "is more natural in that the birds under natural conditions will rest for
SpotInvestigations get up as soon <ae the light conies and
Pod or Anthracnose, as it is ens from forty countries. The courses .g most of,the early winter months. Our
s g experience has also been'that for the
ie caused bya fungus and that'were eminently :practical, and were tart scratching. They go to roost at
called,the usual time at night :and are sure '
the spots on the seed carry the fungus held under actual conditions of meat � g late 'hatched. "chicks electric light has
p
over from one growing season to an- manufacture at packing plants at
other. When this seed is planted and Huill, Peterboro, Ingersoll, Brantford
begins to grow, the fungus grows up and Toronto (two series). Lectures
with the plant; and if the weather is were given dealing with hogs suitable
wet and cloudy, which provides good both for domestic trade and for the.
conditions for the growth of the making of. No. 1 Wiltshire sides for
fungus, it may kill the small plant our British trade, the latter having
when it is .a few inches high or even been so gravely challenged by the
before it gets above ground, so mak- hiag1i quality of the products shipped.
in anisses in the rows. In any case, since the war in increasing quantities
g
if the fungus growth has not been
rapid enough to !ill the plant, it will
cause the spotting described above,
and in these spots can be seen a yellow
or pink slimy material which is com-
posed of the seeds or "spares" of the
fungus. • These spores are scattered•
to neighboring plants, principally by
rain, where they grow and form new
spots, so spreadin_
g the disease
through the field.
The losses from this disease have
been very ,consid'erable in some local-
ities and in certain years when wea-
ther conditions have been particularly
favorable to the growth and spread
of the fungus. The losses are brought
about in three ways:
1. The killing of the young plants
gives a poor stand in the field.
2. The destruction of the pods• and
the weakening of the plants reduce
the yield. •
3. When the crop is to be sold for
seed, the presence of the spotted seed's
would reduce the value considerably
and' would not be bought by anyone
Breeding the "Market Sense."
Six short 'courses designed to bring
the natural time in the'wfternoon, and
then after Supper: turn on the light
and give diem their evening feed, At
that time they are hungry, they , get
Artificial• light gives the Birds the scra;telii
lit? the roost and spend an hoax or
amount of daylight flee, are used to two iig to get „their:. evening
having during the ,time of high pro- feed, The exact bine is not so im-
duction or in the spring months. In portant so long as -judgment and good
Canada,, especially, the :winter days ,management are used,
are extremely short and the lien's day
even more so, for she goes to roost
as soon as it begins to grow dusk, and
the"trouble is that the night is so:long highly for well matured early pullets
that she:is not able to take enough that have started to lay say in October
feed to do her until morning. , The or November. Vader natural condi-•
value ef the light i,s simply to increase tions these will give a good egg yield,
her daylight so that she can have and it is a question as to whether
more time to eat and less time neces- light in their ease is an advantage, but
nary for sleep. It lengthens the hen's for late and immature pullets and for
day and snakes it mere in keeping with older hens, light is an advantage. It
summer conditions.will hasten the development : of the
There is really no best time., whenlater pullets, bring them into egg
the light should be turned on. It'is ,production much earlier, and will
all a matter of convenience, Some• sometimes be the means of making
people prefer to turn en the light late birds give a profit, when other -
from four to six in the morning and wise there would be none. The same
let the birds go to roost when they see
is true of hens that have been laying
Since the use of electric Right is
valuable only in hurrying up egg pro-
duction, it is not recommended es
from Denmark. Competitions in judg-
ing live hogs and in grading and
judging the carcasses from the same
hogs followed•. The cash prize list
amounted to $1,440, donated by the
Dominion Department of Agriculture
and the Industrial and Development
Council of Canadian Meat Packers
,jointly, while "top man" at each
'centre was given a sew about -six
months old by the members of the
Swine • Breeders' Association. The
Health of Animals Branch of the Do-
minion Department of Agriculture
also helped in the plan.
The idea underlying the scheme is
that the producer should ,aim to breed
not .good-looking hogs for the satis=
faction of outdoing his neighbor, but,
those which will yield, when slaught-
ered, the largest weight of highest
priced bacon. That is what the pack-
ers demand insistently; that is what
they :can pay for, because, in turn,
that only is what they can sell at a
profit in a keen market, with world
competition to meet.
Hog -raising is not a pastime in
which the producer may pick and
choose the type and expect the con-
sumer
onsumer to "take it or leave it." . If a
Canadian farmer is in hog -raising as
a money -making business he must
produce that which the market will
take, :because consumers will get their
bacon 'elsewhere if he fails• to give
cess in the fallowing way: Set aside I them precisely what they want.
a small plot of land, preferably some
distance f'r:om your bean fiields and
grow your own seed supply in this.
Plant in this plot plump, clean seed
of,fihe varieties you wish to grow the
fallowing season. Inspect these plants
as frequently as you :can during the
growing season and weed out all
plants which -appear sickly or have
any spots en the steins, leaves or
pods. When the crop from this plot
is harvested, go through the pods and
discard all those which have any
familiar with the disease they con-
veyed.
The best means of control—The use
of sprays has given no results. The
more obvious way to eemibat the dis-
ease is to devise some .means of mak-
ing sure that the seed you plant is not
conveying the destructive fungus.
This ,can be done with very good sue -
to be on the roosts. Others will turn
the light en for an hour or two in
the morning and an hour or two in
the evening, while some find it more
convenient to turn the light on in the
afternoon before dark comes end then
turn it off about nine or ten o'clock
at night.
As long as the day is lengthened to
from twelve to fourteen hours .it is
immaterial just what method is: adopt-
ed so long as the same method is fol-
lowed through the whole season.
Care, however, must be taken so that
after the lights are turned on in the
evenings the birds will get to roost.
before the lights are turned out. To of illumination maybe usedbut danger
insure this ;some use dimmers. Others of fire must be taken into considera-
tion. Automatic clocks for turning
on and off the lights' are an advantage
in that it is then done without any
extra attention. Dimmers are an ad-
vantage if the light is used in the
evening, but if the manager will watch
carefully he can, by flashing his light
once or twice, soon train the birds to
take to the roost.
Limestone on the land is as good as
money in the bank.
There in no sentiment about world
markets. They are stern and unyield-
ing to those who come offering un-
suitable goods but are steadily, im-
mensely profitable to those who offer
the goods that can be readily passed
on to the best and .last judges of their
own wants: the vast body of consum-
ers.
These courses helped to bring an
atmosphere of proper marketing to
the junior farmers who will hence-
forth, it is hoped, 'become "key men"
signs - of spotting and keep the se- in their localities.
Suggestions for Practical . Work ...
Teaching of Agriculture.
13y Norman Davies, B.A., Teacher of Science and
Agriculture, Renfrew Collegiate Institute
Whether or not to have a school crop was $2.65.65 per :acre and east
garden is the question facing many
teachers about to 'begin the teaching
of agriculture. The 'school garden is
'Very important both to teachers and
pupils. Fos public s,chhool work the
requirement in Ontario ds six square
rods in order to qualify for grants, but
a smaller area is worth while even
if no grant is .secured.
Numerous topics can be illustrated
in the school garden. The method of
planting, the :care and harvesting of
different crops can be taken; the study
of insect pasts and fungus diseases of
plants, and methods of control; meth-
ods of conserving moisture, and prob-
lems of drainage; the growing of
small fruits and the care of fruit trees
including budding and grafting; prac-
tical work in measurement in laying
out the plots; the study of common
garden` weeds and methods ef eradi-
cation and many other topics can be,
,assisted in .the development. , In a
bunch of 200 White Leghorns hatched
on the 15th of S'eptenvber, electric
lighted brooders were used which gave
Iight all night long and these pullets
were laying by the 15th of January.
As a rule, a 60 -watt Tungsten. will
give sufficient light for an ordinary
pen of twenty-five birds. Shades to
the light are not an advantage, but
the light should be placed where the
most .illumination will spread over the
floor. Where electric lights are not
available, a number of barn lanterns
with reflectors have been rung on the
wall with fair success. Other systems
World Has More Meat-
Eaters.
Just prior to the Great War, the
meat consuming population of the
worldestimated t roundly 590,_
000,000 head, Approxiiii•ately, 460,- it in .a local bank. At the present time
flash the lights while some claim that
it is not necessary, that the birde• will
soon get into fife habit of knowing
just when to take the roost.
On the electric light being turned
on at night, there is that difficulty
that the birds sometimes go to roost
early even though the light is on. If
this is found to be the case it will be
well togive some special feed in the
evening and keep them scratching, or
allow the birds togo to the roost at
Getting a Good Start.
Last week I lead a chat with a wide-
awake country boy who lives in Grey
County. He is now sixteen years of
r was •a age and for the past six years has
been saving his money by depositing
000,000 were peoples in Europe and
Siberia, 110,000,000 in temperate
North America, 14,000,000 in temper-
ate South America, 4,500,000 in Aus-
tralasia, and 1,500,000 in South Africa.
Thus the meat consuming peoples ap-
proximated one-third of the total
population of the world, as against
less than one-quarter of the popula-
tion sixty years ago.
The statement that consumptive de-
mand cannot be increased in total, is,
therefore, disproved. Undoubtedly
there has been an increase in the con-
sumption of meats during the past
half -century, showing about 90 per
cent: Thee is dile to a generally raised
standard of living, the increase in the
population of the countries situated
in the temperate zone, the remarkable
increase in the white population of the
world, and the development of trans-
portation, enabling expeditious and
economical movements of meat. This
las been effective in bringing about
large increases in industrial popula- tution `'
Bain, with` its •heavy meat eating ten- r,..
denies. Furnish the Barn.
There' are no indications that this Barns should be furnished as well
rapid increase in
cleat consumingcae-houses, and with the idea in view`
slackening during
will .how any" marked a of nutking the work easier and giving
ala.ekemrig during the next fifty years. the, en.inlais 'better sale.
Therefore, the, problem of producing There' is much room for barn furti-
sufflcient meats to meet the increasing fishings•: As I go a'b`out the ecuntiy
exists1
demand ni quality, and volume still see many places where a few barn
. .
Statistics prove that the world's furnishings would not only create a
tive stock surplus is not keeping pace saving •but add mueh to the ',comfort
of the animas as well as the man
9 wltic requirements. A number of don* the worst. A loss of'a good ani.-
Sereeninent exporting countries appear man through some item of poor hone -
'bo have reached theft maximum of ing Is so frequent that it scarce•!;,
pradttetson, while others oto steadily meatmention. Bleemishes to the tide
reducing their exportable surplus own dens of' dairy calf cholera, abet
-
sag gg to agreatly increased tlotiieatic White :scours; hog,,eshalera and a
,sun
eonption. In effect, a timber of
snore of other anima diseases can
hitherto surpluespeoducing co�xntiiw�s often be prevented by abetter dousing
late towing tow•ar l de#lc enry at I of the stork. Good barn: furnishings
least, aiosiesurplus producing, tally make far economy in the hancl'1-
Dead w eds in the gsirdeii harbor i'ii- ing and prodoeing of live stock on the
Sects oven winter, Bata then, faros—IL
•
his account will go a long way towards
giving him a special education. Be-
sides having .a substantial fund to his
credit this l'a,d has received mach first-
hand information on banking and has
become personally acquainted with the
banker, which information and ac-
quaintance are making a good faunae -I
tion for securing credit later should
dee be in need of such.
This banking experience has not
only taught this lad how to save
money, but it has been without doubt
a real practical influence in his ,meth
ods of spending. As he grows into
manhood he will have an advantage
over the men who failed to get this
business experience in their youth.
Inasmuch as the next generation of
farmers will more and more need
training in practical :business methods,
would it not be wise far parents to
urge and assist their children to'
undertake early the handling of funds
through some regular financial insti-
The Welfare of the Home
Music in the Home—By Edna Everett
In speaking of the needs of a pover-I the house clean! You see their friends
ty-stricken family of our acquain-r come to see them now:"
tante, a • friend once said i5?,me, ini I tried to look my grief at missing
shocked and disapproving tones, "Arintdie musical (?) treat, "expressed my
they have a piano! Think of it, a admiration for the piano, my interest
y p
piano! And those seven children have in the welfare ef the family, and de
not. enough to eat, and are airways parted rejoicing. My theory had been
needing help. I Lhink that family de- vindicated.
serves no help and no sympathy. A.
piano, of all things!"
"Fortunate children!" I replied.
"Perhaps the piano makes them for-
get the lack of . food and coal and.
keeps them off the streets. r must
call and see that piano," which I did,
forthwith.
I could 'scarcely conceal my aston-
ishment at the transformation in this.
erstwhile home of poverty and un-
cleanliness.
The piano, which was the only ob-
ject worthy the name of a piece of
furniture shone from recent polish-
ing, and the floor and every object
within range of vision had bean scrub-
bed and rubbed to make it a proper
associate for the piano.
"Sure," said the mother, beaming
with pride and blissfully unconscious cannot be overestimated, while the de-
ef the tales concerning the family ex- grading, unspeakable "jazz" has no
travagance, "'tis •a grand thing for
the children. They don't never 'go out
night now, and," invpressively, "you
just ought to hear Mary pray, -never
had a lesson and plays everything, by
ear. ' And it's the same with Ellen.
She plays .grand. Oh, they all take
Music in that Thome, as in every
other, is as much a necessity as food
and clothing. Why expect the poor to
be satisfied with food alone while their
souls starve for the things that make
life worth -while, and; in many cases,
barely endurable.
Many complain that the working
man is receiving high wages and
"wasting" his ni ney on a piano, a
;victrola, or ether musical instrument
and in paying for music lessons for
his children.
Every child has the right to inusic
in the !some. It is essential to health
and happiness. It will keep children
in the home and cause them to carry
with them memories which may save
them in times of temptation.
The moral values of "good" music
$157.50 per tare, giving a profit ef
$108.15 per acre, Such ,calculations
based on actual results are of greater
value than estimates based on the re-
sults of some one else.
Last year eight varieties of pota-
toes were planted—twenty-four hills
of each. One set of. plots in sandy
loam and the other in heavy clay soil..
When dug• the yield from each .plot
were weighed. The results show-
ed
howed which early and which late .var-
ieties are best suited to our types of
soil. Stich work opens up a wide field
to the thinking boy or •girl, and shows
that agriculture is not a stereotyped
single -tracked 'occupation.
At, one corner of our school garden
there is a poultry house of up-to-date
construuction. Chickens are kept in
this building throughout the year ex-
cept in July and August. The first
year a small flock was secured ie. the
given a ,practical angle: The flower fall and kept till June. During that.
garden is important, for in it the
methods of planting .bulbs, perennials
and annuals can be shown The school
garden provid'es the material for
teaching many of the agricultural
topics by the laboratory or demonstra-
tion method so that pupils can see
time the value of eggs laid .and value
of fowl when sold exceeded cost of
birds and deed by $10. Last winter
two pupils who . had raised chickens
from eggt'hatched 'at the school were
given the use of the poultry house.
Both have :now built poultry houses
methods and results as well as hear at home. This winter a flack of Silver
about them.. The teacher will also
derive benefit in having actual results
as a basis for the information given
to the puipils. The school garden adds
a zest and an interest to the work
which cannot be secured by ,olassroom
work :alone.
In addition to the individual plots,
planted and 'eared for by one or more
pupils, an area planted under the
direction of the teacher for class pur-
poses is worth while. Such an area
might represent a kitchen garden
about 60 to 80 feet long by 20 to 30
feet wide. A third of this area could
be planted in permanent crops, as
strawberries, raspberries, rhubarb,.
more place in the home than trashy
and immoral literature, '
Children will go Where they find
music and song, companionship and
happiness, If they find these .in the
home, they will not search for them
elsewhere, and the problem of keeping
turns. It's too bad the girls ain't here children at home will be happily
to play for you, and the way they keep solved. '
..... ......................................
1 MUST PANG THE GOOSE
t
�af1ClC TO Lift.
•
e'en:an-nese Seed
HAVING nOteSUMEO ALL THE .GOLDEN nOGS
e --Dallas News.
Carnpincs will be kept. This is a new
variety for this locality. They axe fair
layers and economical feeders. During
last spring about, 475 chicks were
hatched in the school incubators,. Many
pupils brought eggs from home for
early hatching while others bought
Ontario Agricultural College eggs,
which were secured for school week.
Such experiments as these are diffi-
cult for the public school teacher, but
not ,at all impassible. They should be
easily carried' out by the high school
teacher who is usually more perman-
ently located.
Each teacher might, from among
the numerous topics of the curriculum,
and so° on; another third in smaller select one or more Which can best be
vegetables, and the remainder in po-
tatoes, corn and tomatoes.- ISuoh a
garden shows method of planting a
small area and the variety and yield;
while from the strawberry and rasp-
berry patch, plants niay be supplied
to the pupils. Last spring about 15 ,m connection with other garden work,
pupils from our :classes took from 50 If the teacher emphasizes one or twa
to 100 plants for planting in their` things, there will be a more real and
gardens at home. Next year I expect lasting effect.
to supply a few raspberries plants and
possibly some rhubarb roots.
For the past three years . I have
developed in the locality. For town.
schools, ,gardening and poultry work
could be made the hobby, and more.
attention given than required by the
curriculum. A hotbed belongs to gar-
den work and could be easily prepared
Should scone of the readers feel that
the work outlined stresses the econ•
omic too mitele it might be well tc
planted in a part of the garden small bear in mind that we deal with the
plots of farm. wheat and fill rye, each economic aspect in many other studies.
year planting. the seed grown in the Geography, History, and 'science en ail
previous season. My'object is to se- 'have a bearing on economic proble.ms,.
cure plants more resistant to frost and n Canada.behind in this
and we donot hesitate to discuss thele,
to test each year the value of crammer- Are we i
tial fertilizer.. Results have been en phase of agricultura•1. teaching? In
enraging and each year the plots of Wisconsin there is in one localty a
wheat came through the winter in :a school which supplies from its farm
better condition. The rye has never the see;! corn for the farmers nearby;
been seriously Harmed, . The wheat in another case the growing of hengi
always shows a higher yield on the has become a class industry and it
fertilized plots, while the rye has was first introduced by a high school
never shown any advantage from the principal who was the teacher of
use of fertilizer. I use this result in agriculture. If our teaching of aged•
classwork to point out the importance culture is to benefit in a real sense,
of testing a small portion of a field the need for more people in the rural
for each ,crop before investing exten-
sively
districts, we must pay some attention
revel, in commercial fertilizer: to the economic, so that the boy or
Where the area of the garden is girl will have an enlightened mind en
larger than required' for the work al-
ready mentioned, it is worth while to.
plant sponte m•axketahie •citop: Potatoes
answer the purpose, but in some local-
ities sweet corn, tomatoes or carrots
and :beets might be grown very profit-
ably.. The results ,can;be used to show
that the . methods taken up in the.
classroom are practical and the
revenue assists in paying expenses.
Last year from one -eleventh of an
acre the yield :of potatoes was 283Y/s
the subject and be better able to
choose his or her future work; The
:school where agriculture is taught
alight 'become in a small way a mors
direct benefit• to the community; not
overlapping present organizations, but
co-operating with thein to a greater
d'egmee than at present, and secure the
hearty . supp:.rt not only of ,the agri-
culturist, or person interested in agri-
culture but sect, engaged in practical
work, but of the practical fanner as
bushels per acre. The value of the well.
Seed Growing Opportunities. -
The Dominion 'Seed Commissioner,
Mr, George H. Clark, who represented
Canadian interests 'at the Internation-
al Seed Control Congress- recently
held at Copenhagen, makes some in-
teresting observations on conclusions
arrived at during hie visit, We can,
he says, produce and ought to be pro-
ducing need of orchard 'grass fore ex-
port, and that both far :erehard .grass
and timothy seed there is a substan-
tial European :market, while the pro
duetien of red clover seed might be
multiplied many times, without dan-
ger of over -production.
The . seed both of 'red clover and
orchard :grass produced in sections of
Canada, particularly in the clay -belt
of Northern Ontario and Quebec, is
superior to that imported from 'any
of the Scandinavian .countries.
While Qanada imports her o pplies
Of white clover seed 'largely from
Europe, conditions here are ideal for
its •production., That Traduced rii the
disti tots named, and. Also in Alberta,
is of superb quality:White Clover sells
,in Great Britain at .seventy-five cents.
to a dollar per °Dotnede The' Seed
Branch of the Depailthent of Agri-
culture is procuring a supply of this
seed from Seetland,'Sied will establish
a seed -,producing centre. at ,It apusls
tieing in Northern Ontario' nekt seat
son,
To Know Good Veal Calves.
Weight . of calves is an important
factor in the size of retail cuts and
in relation to the age and quality of
the carcass. The following table
shows ho w veal is usually graded by
weight:
• To know �v'heta heft en. b
'Trinks 20
times her weight in Water 'Query year,
es Some claim, er 30 Lir 40, isn't so
important 0s to know that•• tidily
tants and cat use a lot of it.
Choice 90 to 140 lbs.
Good .. 80 to 160 lbs,
Medium .. 80 to 160 lbs.
Light ior common 60 to 110 lbs.
Heavy ...,150 to 250 lbs.
Crass 140 to 200 lbs.
Form -•-The body' should be broad
and compact with good development,
especially of the ribs, loin and. legs,
Most canna= faults are shanks :end •
neck too Dong, heavy breasts and
sharp backs;
• Quality—The flesh should be t cry
light pink, we'll fatted and free from
blemishes. When the flesh is coarsi
grained' or dark colored it denotes too
much age, lack of nouriehment of
coarse feeding. milk -tea calaes'csrt b
distinguished, by. ;ei a.r, fine.grained
meat and white fat.
'mist --A fairamount of .. COS silo,
tributod" about the carcass, cspeciallli,
on the ,kidneys, " crotch, flack \and ._
breast. ,There tisi;ns « .a; i " ,e fat
lis on ibeef. On skinned, calves tht
.m
thin enibraeie which icov'ei `tiro ear;'.
pass it vehite ;and soft on enellsfininlion( • •
ca)ves, but dry and dark colorred >l
thoseJ-1 k,ng I}xt it ;prat
•
1'With ' 'the disposal of one
fruit ,crop should come the pi
of another. N:ow is not too
stttrt panning',,