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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-12-29, Page 6WIDENING Ole SPARK GAP WILL HELI? OVERCOME E SKIPPING. Metersawe like Volum thein. When under compression. Many, neanufac- t1>ey axe geeing at 'bop speed their per- tumors teat the porcelain to see if they foremast:* is excel etiit, But when leak, using a spaxk gap of three- canttpelled to travel sliowey they spa- quartetre of an inch under a high volt - ter and knock. ogle. Many driers Wiantt to lcnlow why Short -Circuiting the Plug. they cannot throttle clown the engine. It ,goes ale right at meet= high speed, 'rut skips at a slow need. Where magneto monition is used topic If tthere is canton on the porcelain, the current very often will travel through this under high compression, because there is lies, resistance offered oftetn. may be overcome by adjusting by the earboai than by the spark gap. thie interrwpt:'er points for a little It shortrcircuits the plug and there wider gap. That makes the interrupt- is no ignitions Yet, when this sante ea' points a little earlier and causes plug is removed aid tested in the 'open the spark fro ©carr when the magneto ,air, there will be a good spark; the aasamture is an a more favorable po- resistance of the gap in the open air sition and a wider' interrupter gen at would be less than. the resistance ef- the shower Weed gives a epark with a felled by a path through the carbon little more loch in it. coating. If, on testing a plug in this Widreiintg the gap of the spark plug way there seems to be a good spark, mho era help to overoom'e skipping. yet the cylinder will. not fire, cream At Iaiw'speeds a full chaege of gas is the plug thoroughly and tory it out in not drawn lin, tied compression is low the cylinder. If it still does not • fire, and tempa.zature low in consequence. The ntixte.re is net se near the self- iiguition point when the spa,rk occurs as tit is at Wier speeds, therefore a batter spark is needed to ignite it, By widanaang the gap in the plugs the secondary current is held back until it acquires high enough potentiality to jump the greater gap, so that wihen it dices occur an exceptionally power- ful spank is obtained. Spark Gap Attachments. This may be demonstrated where the engine is equipped with a vibrat- ing coil. Set one of the cylinders on top of the compression ready to ignite. Tuan on the =rent, and, while the vibrator will buzz, the spark inside the cylinder is not strong enough to ignite the ehaege. Now detach the spark plug terminal and tun on the current. The extra gap will increase the strength of the spark in that cylinder, and it will,igniite the chive, starting the engine. This has lied to the use, in some case, of outside spark, gap attachments. Widening the gap and getting a Longer :park is mot what ignites the charge. It is simply that the greater gap eauu es the current to 'build up to a1 ee'her pre syse, or voltage, before it will jump the gap, so that when it does 000ua it is of greater intensity. There are several other things, about sp,asiking not genteratly understood by the no -vice. The general opinion is that the greater insulating surface of a pug there is inside the cylinder the les i'iikele :aye there Is of short cir- culitirJg. and eertlsegttently the more certain will be the spark-oectirre ce, This is ,only partly true. It is true so fax as short circuiting is concerned, try a plug which you know is all right and see if it fires. If it does, you may know that the old plug Leaks current somehow and probably needs a new poreeken. It is a eemmnan crier with?motorists When cleaning a spark plug to polish up the points and call it a jab. What ready is required isto remove all of the carbon, which is a fair conductor of electricity, from the porcelain or mica and get these back into the in-. suliaitom again. When battery Ignition is used, skip,- ping kip"ping at •Low engine speed may often be overoome by thronging the gap in the Interrupter points the same as in the magneto. The points are usually set for normal running speed, and when trouble is experienced at either ex- treme High or Low speed adjustment is necessary. The gimp at the spark plug pints mast be greater usually than when magneto ignition is used; because the speak given by battery systems is niaturalliy of leas volume than that given by the magneto. Therefore, the trap neat be .greater to intensify the ouarent,-as before described. Keep Interrupter Points Clean. The interrupter points sometimes become coated with an insulating glaze oomposed of oxides and dirt haanmered by the action of the mov- able interrupter point, or hammer. The paints will have the appearance of being ail right; there will be no pits or points; nevertheless there .nvay be enough. iniselatixag material there to keep the current from flowing and no park will -occur in em sequence: The polnts may , be •cleaned by iaiserting a very thin file between the pointe when they are open ,anti then ei'yowing but wisare the sn face• is too gresrt and them to dose on the file, being heel cent ooe cerebars is deposited upon the together with no more pressure than n ee:lat a surface the carbon ,acts as 'a the spring exerts, and working the file condenser and absorbs the eeeendary bask and forth until the glaze .is re- current. The effect is that it will not moved.It is necessary to have a flat bleed up sufficiently high voltage to &velem that makes contact across the jumrp the gap. Very Meavy instrlaltioei entire farce, so that care in using the on the aeeo'ndaey wires absorbs cru•- file its, needed and as little metal as rent in the came wkly- possible should be removed. The fact that the spank jumps The condenser is another point of perces the. points of the plug when it � possible trouble. The condenser in, - iia in the open air does net necessarily creases the, volume of the aparkAbout mean that it jumps when the points twenty-five times. We often find that ere artier compression in rnnmiing con- a very weak spark, may be ceeues.,e by ditions. A current which will cause a partial breaking down of the Ion- a spark to jump a quarter-iraah gasp in denser, or occasionally to the fact that the ellen air . will (saute it to jump a. ilt is 'disconnected. at the terminal. gap ,of only one tfhirty-second-inch Condensers are usually hidden away unser naranal running compression. so that the novice cannot locate Failure to apptreciate this often re- troubles of this mature, but an extent - .sults in a pian thinking his ignition is sive sparking at the interrupter or all right, when there may be a break vibrator points, when they are clean, in the insulation so small . thatt it with a very weak spark at the plug scarcely can be seen with the naked points; indicates that the condenser is oy!e when cleaning the plug, or there not working properly. When this may be a porous spot in the porcelain, epaarking occurs have an expert ex either of which would leak current .amine the condenser for trouble. SIR .PASN, FRIEND OF THE BLIND FOUNDER OF ST. DUN - STAN'S HOSTEL, A Glorious Monwnent to the iGreat 'English Newspaper- man and Philanthropist. Cyril . Arthur Pearson was best known. to Canadians as the founder of St. Dur,stan's Hostel for blind sol- diers in Louden. Born in 1566, the son of a clergy- man,- he was edecated at Winchester School, At 18 years of age he worm a clerkship of 100 pounds ayear in Sir George eTewnes' publication, 'rid Bits --worn it by answering -ten searching gluestions a week for three months. Then young Pearson became manager of Tel Bits, and held that post,.for six years. wlen lie 'started. ,.Pearsou's. weekly, Iib followed this with several other v'ckly and monthly periodicals, and finally eetaiiliehed the Daily Pe- wees in 1900, Tie acquired Control of. St, James' Gazette, the Morning Stand- ard amid the evening Standard. But, It is said, these ventures swallowed up a large past of tee'fortune be had tie - cumulated. Then, a few years before the great war began, fate etrnck him a cruel' blow In c.tn incurable affection of the eyes, By the time the first British men Melded in battle were scut home from Belgium and France Sir Arthur had not only become totally blind .him- self but had made and won his own struggle with all the forces of doubt and despair that attack the sightless. As he was wont to say, "He had learn- ed how to be blind," and he was eager to show these blinded s,oldier•s how they might overcome their terrible handicap. History of St. Dunstan's. St. Dunstan's was established in the early spring of, 1915. Set in thte heart of London, this, spacious house with itis fifteen acres of beautiful grounds, gave to Sir Arthur, at the very begin- ning of his work, the establishment and the environment lis sought. He almost filled the gardens with workshops, class rooms-, offices and other buildings; he made additions to the house itself. Asr the work grew, a ,half 'dozen or more houses near by were loaned or taken over, and several large establishments at the se-aabore or in the country were given or loaned by individuals, and aesociatione to be nsed as convalescent or holiday re- sorts. "In days when I could see, Sir Arthur has written, "1 had the direc- tion of some big enterprises, but St, Dunsta:n's became the biggest., individ- ual business that. I have ever conduct- ed." When the hospital was established there were only sixteen mon to care for, but, by the end of 1918 more than 600 men had, ao Sir Arthur put it, "already learned to be blind and had returned to their homes." Then 700 were in training and 200 more still in the hospitals, were soon to go there• - a Infer of 1,500 men, whom Sir Arthur and tile ceTee r, 1 Wiper Insert—The back . of eterentie pit. Right''=When one never l,isrtate.to -wea IIEN' arms can. be so beF sees *a pity- thCt, naorE. tion is not paid to them, . o 'regular care pretty - arms Can: be, nia�e absolutely beautiful and unsightly rtttraciive, Today, more than'over, with :he mode prevailing of even shelter than' elbow sleeves, the contour of the am olays a most importantpart in one's' appearance. ir If it is too thin, which is, very often the case, most beneficial results wili,,be quickly accomplished by soaking sane soft old linens in either sweet almond or olive oll. These should be placed firmly about the arms, but nut so tight that the circulation is interrupted, The surface first be trashed with warm c*a:rr (not very•hoti which moil Open the pores and easily absorb -tite massage oil Before TIPpl'yin ' -be sure that the skin has been thouroughly dried, for if any moisture remains the unguent will not be thoroughly absorbed. A -k simple physical culture exercises betote the treatment, so that the ` cireulatioi7 may bee stimulated, will produce mticlr quicker results. These exercises should neglected. A good cold cream well rubbed in will preserve .it to - the elbow . joint and :keep it well naunshed:.. a Lower ma she will look charming in the most simple gown . and should had enabled to put despair behind them, and to become busy, self•sup- porting, instead of the helpless des. pendents they hacl thought fate had. made them. Wonderful Range of Activities. The men at St. Dunstan's are taught shorthand writing, telephone operating, massage, poultry farming; joinery, matnlaki.ug, boot repairing and basketry, Sir Arthur considered poultry farming to be a particularly Sir Arthur Pearson Founder of St. Dunstall'.a 'Hostel for the Bland, and himself' a blind lnao, who was accidently (travelled . In Lon - eon. He was famous the world over for his welts fon' the blind. • oe gone, tltrouh before the 011 has been One whose circulation :is poor from ensuff Cient :exercise will be inclined to lisve red arms though they may even be pltintp.. The skin will be -,,coarse, butmuch can be done to give softness and 'roundness of butline.by using the same treatment as described above, If the skin is rough • (goose flesh) it should be thoroughly washed with warm water and plenty of good, pure soap •of•an oily nature and briskly dried with a rough towel. In the morning a lucre glycerine and rosewater should be well rubbed in after the bath, so that the texturewill he refined. Massage- le also essential. Massage the arms every night using a little lano- line and work it in while 'kneading the flesh so as to bring the blood to 'the surface. With firm strokes, rub firmly from shoulder to elbow and elbow to wrist, upward and downward. Then begin, at the wrist, using the finger tips, end massage with a circular motion up the arm, to the shoulders. If this is properly done .it should make the skill glow and tingle and may precede the wrapping treatment. The .elbow- is undoubtedly one of the never become chapped or unsightly. suitable^occupation for the blind; he ! which stands to him as a monument was proud that all who studied at St, ; greater than all hie• financial and 7our- Dunsta.n's proved successful in prae- ;'naiistic success. tice. Shorthand writing in beeline, a.} difficult art, has been an important • most difficult parts to treat, for at this point it is not so fleshy and there is s. tendency for the skin to become shrivel- led and hrivel-Ied`and the joints to protrude. Unsightly elbows will spoil the appearance of the best dressed woman and it is therefore positively ridiculous for one whose el- bows are disfigured to wear extremely short sleeves. • A great deal can be done, however, to nourish the skin so that it 'wifl not wrinkle. Plenty of skin food should be used, wrapping the elbow in It if neces- sary at night, and arter bathing inthe morning douche the part well with cold water, followed by, an astringent, which will close the pores and take up the superfluous skin. itosewater, --three parts to one part of eldcrflower water and a few drops of tincture of benzoin is a simple and inexpensive astringent that can be prepared in the home. • In treating the arms, don't neglect the back of the hands. If they have become scrawny or bony, '-rub in regularly a good cold cream and keep them soft, I! it is necessary to have the hands con - I' ews FeOrre the Maritimes. The i ,:t;°Meld of lite' 1- ovine of New Brunswick for ee21 is estimated to ,be 216', bushel:, to the acro, the highest in yearn' mid higher than ally other province in the Dominion, ' ac - to wiring o-tording to the •Pro; neater Department of Agriculture, Prince Edward Island is said to be second with an .aveeage Acre yield of 201e4 bushels, The port of St. John, N. 13,, is entice pating resumption on a 'substantial Beale of the, export of live cattle' and accordingly west on the pnoperetion of sheds for the purpose, approver by. the Federal Department of A„ricul- tare, is being reeled. Four hundred . head Of cattle thea week constitutes the first shipment of the season. A forest nursery, 'operated jointly by the Forest ScAviee Brandt of the Provincial Lands .Department tend the Forestry School ,cf the 'University of New Brunseridk, will be established at Fred,eriiton,N.13., If pre,ent'negotia- tion.s tesul,t satisfactorily. An initial. grant of $1,50.0 is being considered by the Crown Lands Department, it is tin drstood. - It is reportedthat the Iona Gypsum Company, Cape Breton, is about to be taken over by Montreal capitalists, There will be extre give alto 2t ens to the plant and lit the shiiliut.g, facili- ties. For the past few years the out- put has been largely to Philadelphia, and was' `found to compare favorably with the bestmanufactured in the n, State : it is estimated that 12,225,519 pounds of maple sugar wore produced in the 'province of Quebec during the spring of 1921. In addition there were 1,375,635 gallons: of maple syrup. Tho number of apple .trees totalled 1,231.- 857, ,231:357, compared with 1,000,033 in 1920; plum tree's 322,778, compared with 267,746; pear trees 22,550, as against 15,287; and 403,707 cherry trees as compared with 447,261. Milch cows in the province of Que. ben during the summer of 1921 total- led 1,039,3S9, as compared with 1,030,- 80,9 ,030,809 during the corresponding period in. 1920, according to an estimate of the Provincial Department of Agri- culture. Hogs totalled 883,920, cone pared with 836,431; -hens and chickens 3,476,729 compared with 3,177,402; other -poultry 356,486, as against 360,- 458. The Umbrella Tree. Queenslanders take special pride in the umbrella tree, which has almost as much honor with them as that be- stowed by Canadians ,Anion ilia maple, It looms largely in the history of, the state.. It was discovered by Banks and Solander at Cooktowu while. the "Eu- deevor" was undergoing repairs, and, therefore, belongs to the sande scien- tific area as the kangaroo. If the records are read right, the second report otthe existence of the tree was 'made, by Maogillivray and Huxley; who visited. Dunk Island in the middle of last century. Its ,rayed le'mf• lets varying in number, its studlike flowers- closely•set on radiating stalks, its plenteous secretion of a mild' form, of nectar on which birds make merry, and, moreover, the originality oe the tree not only in appearance, but habit, eutitle it to the affection of those who claim it, as belonging to them, by right of discovery acid territorial pride. The tree speaks of the unrestintg life of the tropics, full, glossy, abundant, dripping life. A.dl the hearty birds can- not exhaust the flow of nectar nor the swarms, of 'butterflies. 'quivering with excitement averfeast themselves nor the blundering beetles stem toe ;waste. It hangs from the red ' flowers in spangles and splashes down among the withered leaves for the refresh- ment of industrious and thrifty ants, prototypes of Lazarus, who ate of the crumbs falling from the table of the rich man. stantly in hot water from household - purposes, rub' in an extra portion of cream before doing so and the hands Will Improvements m Detection and Identification Means. study at St. leunsten s, and dozens oft Convictions for Starting men have gone from there to their old ; Forest Fires. places as -private secretaries; or have I Citizens must lave been struck la found new ones; all of them have trot' fib est few weeks in reading of the earn higher salaries than they 1 large number of prosecutions and con_ IIIde g victioats for, wilfully' or by careless - did before they were blinded. Aud i nets setting fires to stantditmg timber, this loads strength to Sir Arthur's ;There have beets convictions also for every rstendrtrd required. So:tne of thetas e eententien that there are certain ad-1refusing . to assist forest rangers in pets s in. being blind, since it tom- !refusing ottt fires, In some cases• this gels him w$o is thus handicapped w to (. may seem hard on the individual, but, develop faculties that otherwise would i on the other hand there has to be con- sidered the loss sustained, not only by an individual ar company, but also by taclled at St i)unsten'e to teacltfng the whose country ill the burning of the then to play as xu teaching them fotSSts•. There let another' cons�idor+a- to work. They learn to dance, if they tion, also, namely the loss of life do not already know how, anti, fee- oaused byforest fires. The record is grtently dances are held; they even hive fancy dress balls, which they en - jay Imrennely. 'Pthey row and swim and wrestle and run and try to kick goals at football. They attend theatres, organize concerts among themselves, play ch,e.s and :cards, and do1'ni:ltoes, hold debates indoors and tug-of-war contests outdoors; go on long walks and wceltend raxubles in for those so dealt w.itltr, but once remains dormant, aiid to train all his capacities to a higher degree of pro- ficiency, As much importance is at; not yet complete, but it appears that at least two men lost their livesin forest fires this season.,' Then tl'nere were the numerous families berried out of hoose and beetle:,thle year, the members of which suffered in health as well as in property. Files end jail sentences are not pleasant thingii, Thele is no one wh,o does not feel sync - time country. It is not too much to say that ilea grelat work that bas been done for the blind th.rotngh'out Canada since the early days of the war, owes .its ins epirationi to Sin' Arthur and to the Canadian soldiers who 'were his f,lieste at St. nunistalee. That was the sett of truing Sir 'Arthur, aecontlillisiied after sustaining en affliction which would have render - the people,nnaice rap their needs that forest fires frust stop fires will come. to an end, and these punishments, are one . way in which public opinion makes itself board, Of the Amer%term easutulties . duo to gas in the Greet Warr, only 1Yee per cent, were fatatl, The skin of the humantr alnt is seventy-five tines ee thickas that -ed many rnen almost helrleee, and of the eyelid, Constantly the methods of human identification, and elesa the analysis of handwriting, are becoming more and more precise. In connection with the Bertilaon method of identification by means of finger prints, several recent developments have occurred, ane ot. the latest being the inclusion of the sweat 'sores as an element of identife nation. Experiments in this connec- tion, in France, have shown that Wheu. these finger prints are examined under a microscope there are plainly seen a series of spots in single or double lines, which were formed on the print by drops of moisture from the sweat glands. The number of these dots varies from 9 to 18 to the centimeter (,4 in.), and their position, and even their shape, which may be either round, oval or . curvilinear, are Abso- lutely characteristic in each individ- ual. As regards the detection of :counter - felt handwriting a method has been worked out that is both matlmematical and sctentiiic. It has 'Veen applied to the detection of freehand forgeries --- riot those made by tracing or the cliangieg of letters which are easy to detect. It is based on the hypothesis that everybody's handwriting shows eertainn constants that can bo nea- mired,This method is candled graph° Metric, and on enlarged pinotograpirie reproductions measurements are made of the ,height of the letters, the truce: of the curvature; the slope' of the downtstroke; and other details, and they are 00mpararl with standarrds that have been -established by a study of. the genuine handwriting, Brisk: Wanting will do as truth to reetcre health as any form of exete cieo::