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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-12-15, Page 3Athroeo.t.s... Which Q➢aa e° �"�e��a re Hedy fal'ECIAL CARE NECE$SARS IN ZERO WEATHEi2, There are two things necessary if alcohol and 'half ,glycerine is the pro-" the ear is to be operated in winter, the first of which is Dome anti -freezing solution for the cooling system; Thhe second, is a device for warming the Mixture before admission to the cyl hiders, Many things have been tried for making the eoolling system freeze - proof. The 'most common are salt, glycerine and allcohol. Any one of these: in theproper proportion will inisuro against freezing. They are not equally desirable., however. Salt had a tendency to set up electroliti•e acticn where iron and brass parts are combined in the cooling system, but four Pounds of salt to the gallon will give a solution which will not freeze until seventeen degrees ;below zero Fahrenheit is reached. Glycerine will keep the water from freezing, but it is ex!penziive, and if rubber hose is used. to connect radiator .and the cylinder pipets glycerine will cause it to .de- compese rapidly, • Denatured Alcohol Best: Denatured alcohol probably is the best to use, mixed with water in pro- portion as the -sold to be expected may demand. Twenty per •cent. of alcohol will give protection to five degrees above zero; 30 per ;cent. to .nine de- for the purpose of introducing small per prcnportion to be added to the water. It has one advantage, that it freezes quite a bit lower than the alcohol alone. '. Another thing which must be taken into account in winter is the warm- ing of the mixture for starting 'so that it does not condense the moment it strikes the cold cylinder walls. ,'Mod- ern cars are provided with means for accon eplishing this when the engine has started, but the hot water jacket and the hot air furnace depend upon a warmed -up engine for their avail- ability, and for .starting •other means must be devised.There also are vari- ous devices for heating the carbur- etor and intake manifold while the engine is warming up. There is au electric heater, where one has current in the garage, and other ways of ac- complishing the same thing. if no better hneans is • at hand a hot-water bottle about half full, so that it can be wrapped about the imanifold and car- buretor, or a kettle of hot water, may do it siatisfactorily. Wise to Carry Squirt Can: Most ears are equipped with a prim- ing or choking• device operated from the dash, but where this is not pro- vided it is wise to carry a Squirt can grecs below zero, and 35 per eent. to sixteen degrees below. The owner must net make tihe error of using a mixture which will protect him only for the average low temperature of his locality. The teinperature niay drop without warning, and, unless.a sufficiently strong solution is used or -the water is drained out of the cooling system, a burst radiator or a cracked cylinder •casting is likely to result. Probably a combination of alcohol and glycerine will suit the particular owner a little better than alcohol alone, since there is less evaporation, and a •single dose of glycerine will last the entire season, only alcohol and water needing to be added to replace that boiled away or evaporated. Half quantities of gasoline into the cylin- ders, though a piece of waste satur- ated with gasoline from the carburetor drain cock and squeezed over the. priming cup will do the trick. If there are no prening cusps it means taking out the spark plugs. • When it becomes very cold, radiator covers ore a convenience. These may be ia:ocured at any supply house, fitted to any car. They are in various forms, usually with a curtain which may be lifted for moderate temperatures and closed when extremes.are reached. Anything which' will over the air spaces .of the ;ower portion of the radiatar•may be used in an emergency, if one is caught by a sudden drop in the temperature. Bee's Trouser -Pockets.' If you watch a bee at work amongst the flowers; you will see that lie is en- gaged in collecting two quite different subsibances from the blossoms His icing painted tongue is really a tube, through which he sucks up the. sweet juices just as we suck lemonade through a straw. Whilst he moves about inside a flower, the stiff hairs on his'baek collect the yellow pailen dust, with which he Is soon covered. Then he site down on a leaf and proceeds bo serape it off by means of the little +combs with which his legs are pro- vided. By means of these he rolls it into balls, and stows it away in his trouser -pockets ----little cups provided for the purpose at the joints of the lege. The bee has also a set of waistcoat - pockets; which are used for a different purpose. These are little pouches with silt -like openings. When a bee is en- gaged in making the cells of the comb, tiny flakes of wax are secreted in these pockets, from which they are taken with the jaws as they are re- quired. How . these waxen bricks are made in the bee's body is a mystery. In some wonderful way the bee is able to turn the juice of flowers into honey ar wax in a• very short time. --The in- sect is really a shocking example of what all work and no play can do—be works, himself to dearth in about a month! We should really have spoken of the bee as "she," for the worker is a fe- male, but it seemed' rather queer to write about her trouser -pocket! 1' Exploring Mystery Planets. One of the greatest difficulties en- countered whe i erecting a big teles- cope is the problem of making its !huge tube, sufficiently rigid. Professor Todd, the noted British scientist, has eonceived a new way of tackling the problem; he purposes to use the shaft of a mine as the tube of the greatest telescope,ever made. In 1924` the mysterious planet Mars will be dearer to us than it has been for. a •oeetury. Ilex e, • if only, we can seize it, is our best chance •of dis- covering • whether people like our- selves live upon its surface. Profssor Todd's "mine -telescope" is to be more than a quarter of a mile in length, and fifty feet in diameter. It will bring Mars within one and a half anile& of the obs!erver's. eye. The magnifying mirrors used in great telescopes are difficult to make and very costly. What a fifty -foot rnhuxr would oost.no one can say—it might easily run into,a million. dollars and take ten or fifteen years to make. Professor Todd is not going to have a glass mirror at a•11. Ile proposes to %eve at the foot of his telescope a boneat bowl filled with quicksilver. The wl will be rotated by rne.ns of .a Miator,• and ae It spins the mercury till assume the itecess,ary concave *'haps. Once the proper speed has been found by experiment, a . mirror will be obtained capable of magnify- ing twenty-five rn%11ion times. With such Oa teleseo•pe you :eoulid raid the lettering cm a penny • four huivired in nos away! The' =,r;, F W is..an evergreen plant. eeleteeneamiatigalaiiiii Prince of Wales Sees Weird Entertainment. A weird entertainment was given at Bikaner, India, in honor of the Prince oS Wales, following a State banquet at the palace. The entertainment began with a religious -fire dance in the courtyard of the fort. The big bonfire which had been lit in the centre of the great •quadrangle, was then allowed. to die down to ,a as of glowing. . em- bers, through which bare -legged na- tives, singing wildly, danced, kicking up a cascade of sparks and snatching portions of the fiery mass, which they placed in their mouths, although the heat of the fire could be felt 10 yards away. The weird phantasy lasted 10 min- utes, presenting a perfectly demonia- cal effect through the clouds of dull, red smoke. The dancers subsequently pirouetted in front of the Prince, clam- oring for him to inspect their feet,i which were found to be unaearred by the nye, and actually were moist and cool, as through the danoers had been paddling in the water. Several members of the Prince's s taif attempted to pick up pieces of the hot embers, but every attempt ended abruptly with a hurried snatch- ing natching back of tine fingers -and sharp ex- elamations, amid the derisive laugh- ter of the onlookers. Thereafter a great company of Nautch girls, wearing heavily gold - brocaded robes, transparent head 'Shawls and massive gold armlets to the elbows, danced and sang a wild re- frain, welcoming the Prince to bar baric strains. A native juggler danced on ,sharp swords, spikes and saws. The entertainment concluded with the Nautch chorus discordantly but en- thusiastically singing "God Save the King" in the Marwar tongue. pper=By means of a hand mirror frequently examine the back hat the teeth aof the teeth re kepar. 1. ower Brush upsand tooth brush soft .enough not to irritate the gums and be sure down, not only across. Lower; right -A nice set of teeth does muck to make a pretty woman beautifuland a plain one more attractive. .•. wers Make dill/vieWhat Causes Dimples? S F it Grow W1SS ru Their Own Rain. It is very interesting to watch 'the rain -makers at work in the wine -grow- ing districts around Lake Geneva, in Switzerland. _Dotted about the country aro num- gem of little sheds, from the roof of each of which protrudes a great bell- inauthed funnel. If you could examine those sheds from an aeroplane, you would find that they are arranged in great circles. Inside each is a gun, the muzzle of which is connected with the bell - mouthed funnel. Charges of noisy black powder are used, and the fun nel, acting in the same way as a gi- gantic gramophone horn, magnifies the sound of the discharge enormous- ly. When rain is wanted a roan .is placed in charge of each but. Pre- sently a small cloud drifting across the sky comes into the circle of glans. Bang! The cloud, shaken by the noise and the shock of the discharge begins to float towards the other side of the circle • Bang! Bang! The cloud is d about for a time inside the circlee. and eventually the shaking up which it receives causes it to break up into rain. The writer has seen these rain -guns used with success an dozens of occasions. They have another use, too. They can be •used for driving off unwanted clouds. When the grape harvest is approaching the farmer's greatest foe is hail; the stones cut his vines to rib- bons. When hail storms are about, the batteries once more prepar for ac- tion! But this time their method is different. They open fire whilst clouds are outside the circle. and by means of heavy firing prevent them from entering it. Flowers by Airplane. Holland's growers are sending fresh cut flowers by airplane to England for sale the same day. Appetites Larger in • Winter. The reason we need more food in winter than in summer is because the, greater amount of oxygen in the air sharpens appetite and aids digestion. Me peculiar mark which we call a dimples is really nothing more than a dent or depression in a part of the • body where the flesh ie quite soft. When we speak of dimples,, we think usually of those in the cheek, the in- dentations ndentations which .appear when a per- son smiles. But it should be remem- bered that dimples are also to be found in other parts of the body. Babies, for example, have dimpled el- bows and knees, while infants who are plump often have several on their backs and shoulders. These are due to the fact that the fibres which lie beneath the outside skirl, and help to hold it firmly in place, are o•f varying lengths and ran in all directions. Occasionally "these fibres are too short in one spot, and pull the skin, thus forming the dimple. The fact that dimples occur fre- quently in the cheek is due to the com- parative irregllarity of the length of the skin -fibres of this part of the body. Fog iras been classified into eight varieties, ranging from "very dense" to "slight enlist" by the Air Ministry. ----and the worst is yet to come In china till Aland belongs to the State and a trilling sunt per acre, scarcely altered through long centur- ies, is paid as rent. How Trees Grow Knots. Trees are formed of three parts.— the roots, the parent stem or trunk, and the branches. When the trees are cut up into lumber, the first of these parte is Useless], and generally is left in the ground to be salvaged later for other purposes, • The branches of the tree are also colnparatively useless, but the trunk produces a number of valuable' planks in proportion to its diameter. In spite of the fact that the branches have been lopped off, they leave their mark upon the parent, stem in the shape of hard round or oval spots, which we call "knots." Each of these knots shows where the limb of the, tree was growing because the limb bad its beginning in the heart of the trunk, drawing its sustenance directly from the central source Of supply. The hardiness of knots is due to the fact that more strength is required at the base of the limb than farther out, ---------•3 St. Paula Cathedral was begun eahl finished within forty years, under one t3ishop of London, one architect,', and one master , roasion:. Green forests constitute an invest- ment which gives big returns.' The ash°areho?•ders include, directly or i7t- directly, every citizen of Canada, Progress- in Canada. Reinera In grain treding rend' ship ping clreles here have it that the United Grain Growers,, Ltd., intend t build a big elevator in Yaaoouver take ogre of the wheat to he shipped to,Europe vie, this port, A marked •recovery in gold paining iii the Province of British Columbia' for the list 'ten months, of 1921 is noted In the report of 'the Dominion Assay office here: Ijuriag the ten month period there was deposited $2,569,976, as ooinpared with $1,808,970 for the oorresponiding period in 1920, an in- crease of .$761,005: For the month of October, , this year,. -the gold receipts were $512,265, as against $228,276 last year, an increase for the month of $283,989. In 1879 the number of miles of eteam railways inoperation in Canada wee 6,484; in 1889, 12,628; 1899, 17,- 14i; 1909, 24,104; -1919, 88,896; 1920, 39,196. The tons of 'freight carried in- creased from 8,348,310 in 1879 to 127,- 429,154 1/1•1929, while the gross earn- ings rose from $19,925,066 to $492,101,- 104 during the same period,. It is claimed that three farms work- ed in the •'locality of Cobourg, Ont., have produced record crops, , On No. 1 the output was 600 barrels of pears, 300 barrels of Northern Spies, and 500 baskets of cherries. No, 2 produced 182,000• pounds of beef cattle, 140 tons of hay, and 300 barrels of apples, while No. 3 produced 8,000 barrels of apples, 1,000 baskets of cherries, 2,000 boxes of cherries and 200 barrels of pears. These figures do not include much grain produced on thie farms. Recently a new record- for a grain moving . train was created when a Canadian Pacific engine pulled 110 fully loaded cars of wheat, comprising 165,000 bushels, eastwards towards the Great Lakes. The train was nine - tenths of a mile.long and weighed ap- proximately 6,868 tons, exclusive of the engine and the caboose. • The area devoted to winter ryes in Saskatchewan this year totalled 1,038,- 507 acres, an increase of 600 per cent. over 1920. There will also be a big increase in next year's crop, it is ex- pected. xpeoted. Up to October 31st, aver $3,225,000 had been received by the Manitoba government deposit bank. It is ex- pected xpected that deposits will exceed $3,- 500,000 by the end of the year. Farm- ers are the principal depositors. There are 175,000 farms in the pro- vince of Ontario, according to an esti. mate of the, provincial department of Agriculture. The value of farm lands; buildings, improvements and livestock is fully $1,700,000,000. In the value of field crops for 1918, Ontario, with $363,909,778, exceeded in. value any of the other provinces of the Dominion. In 1919 the value of field crops, ac cording to the Bureau of Statistics, was $373,507,000. Gold ore is being put through re- duction plants at the goad mines of Porcupine and Kirkland Lake at a rate of approximately 2,066,400 tons a year, aocording to figures secures as a result of a preliminary inquiry in October made here. These preliminary figures are supplemented with an estimate of $1,584,000 in bullion produced each month, the estimate being based upon achievenien.ts during the past two months. This means a production at the rate of about $19,008,000 a year. G.urtp:owder. Gtuupowder was known to the Chin- ese 2,000 B.C. Its European inventiau is credited to Roger .Bacon aht.ut 1.281. The best marksmen are r.a::r'.i;; these with greyyor blue cyes. • London has a'b•otlt 34,000 miles of streets, or twice the c_e:ubins1 '.englh of Paris streets. Oan+ada's birth rate for 1920 was 27.47, as lagainat a death rate of 13.31 per 1,000. The marriage rate during the ,wane period was 8.94 per 1,000. The wealth of Norway lies almost entirely in her forests and fi•-Clerics. The tallest trees in the woral are found in the State forest of Victoria, Australia. Dust Ex plosions If the contents of a six -pound sack of wheat flour be thoroughly distri- buted through the air of a good-sized room, the lighting of a match will blow up the house. Twice that quantity of flour, mixed with 4,000 cubic feet of air in a closed place, will, if ignited, generate enough force to throw 2,500 tons• _to a height of 100 feet. Thus, you see, the materiel out of which aur bread is. made is, under s,ultable ciroumstanoes., as dangerous an explosive as gunpowder. We have read a good deal ,lately about the dan- gers of coal dust, but recent tests have proved that flour or any kind of grain dust is more inflammable than coal dust ant! correspondingly none liable to explode. Another experiment proved that, when two ounces of grain dust were ignited in a box, containing two cubit+ feet of air, a force was developed that lifted two men standing on the cover, It is ell a matter of rapid burning. Take, for instance the flour distributed through the air of a room, Every par- ticle of it le. in immediate contact with the oxygen of the air, and this makes its burning inetantameons in case of ignition. A great quantity of gas is. suddenly generated, and, seeking to expand in a closed piece, it exerts a Ferro that rends the wall asunder. A method now proposed for niinimiz' aid Ing the effects of dust explosions hi mills, factories acrd elevators ie to make the walls very thin—mere cur- tains, in fact; dependence being bad upon the skeletal structure of the building for ate support, If the walls readily yield to gas expansion, offer- ing little resistance, the explosion does relatively little harn7. It is the con- finement of the gas that makes the mischief. Large window area, is an- other idea suggested, with the same object in view. Metals, if finely powdered, will burn rapidly. Tn one recent explosion of aluminum 'dust six girls logit their lives and many more were injured. An explosaan of hard -rubber dust, not long ego, resulted in the deaths of six wprkmen. Within the last few yearts, there have been 'many such disasters in sugar mails, candy factories, spice mills., cork factories, drug works, paper mills, etc. Any kind of dust that is combustible will explode If dis- tributed plentifully through the air of a closed place and ignited. During the last two and a half years deist explosions in the United States and Canada have cost the thee of nearly 100 persons and have destroyed mare that $10.090,000 worth of pro- perty. Ont, such catastrophe in a starch factory killed forty-tbteo per - sane and did 43,000,000 worth of de/ti- nge,