HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-12-08, Page 2Itddress communications to AUr n'omist, 73 Aaetaleto St, West. 'Toror+te,
How 1 Manage My Flock.
Record. -keeping and culling are two
essentials of the poultry business
which farmers are beginning to ap-
preciate. We have found in our ex-
perienee with a small utility flock on
our farm that, if it is to be profitable,
the flock must be handled en business
principles..
To make egg production pay there
must be winter eggs, and to get win-
ter eggs one must have warm quar-
ters and a healthy, active flock. A
roomy scratch shed is a necessity.
Our shed faces south, with floor
space 10x25 feet. It adjoins the lay-
ing and roosting apartments. It has
a dirt floor and the front has no win-
dows but is covered with poultry net-
ting, on which a canvas is hung that
may be closed in cold or stormy
weather.
We use two incubators for hatching,
While we cannot say that our percen-
tage of hatch is higher than by set-
ting hens, we find the incubator much
Iess trouble. The two incubators run
in a dry cellar, one a hot-air and the
other a hot-water machine. The per
centage of hatch is the same wine
each. We will say that aside from
following the incubator maker's di-
rections, there is nothing of such im-
port;nce in securing a good hatch as
having eggs from a healthy, active
flock. Strong, fertile germs hatch
well under conditions that kill the
weaker germs. After hatching, we
keep the chick dry and warm. This
seems to help prevent white diarr-
hoea, so fatal to young chickens.
We •aleo use a small brooder house,
about 8x16 feet, facing south. It will
house a surprisng number of small
chicks.
Our first .culling was done two years
ago this fall ,Out of 105 hens, thirty
were thrown out as non -layers. We
kept these two flocks separated and
in a period of ten days we did not get
a single egg from the flock of thirty
which were culled out of the flock.
The other 75 hens laid an average of
35 eggs per day during those ten days.
That was our first lesson in curling
and we cull regularly now as we see
that we cannot afford to keep any
loafers in our flack.
We have kept several accurate re-
cords of our, flock for several years,
including feed cost. However, last
year we did not keep an account of
the cost of feed since most of it was
grown on the farm and since we
ea,=abeam en our own table mare than
offset the value of the feed.
Our laying flock for the year aver-
aged 95 hens and pullets and the aver-
age egg_ production per hen was 144
eggs. Total egg production was 1,144
dozen, of. which we sold 941 dozen at
an average price of 41.3 eents or for
$388.83. Poultry sold brought $116.78.
We figured the eggs consumed 'at
$47.46 and poultry consumed at $50.
With a gain in inventory of $85.25
for the year, this gave us an income
last year of $688.32 from our flock.
Against this should be charged the
cost of the feed, or we should deduct
the credit for eggs and poultry con-
sumed which we figure offsets the
feed value. Deducting these credits
to offset feed value our flock last year
netted us $590.86.
In 1918 we kept an accurate record,
including cost of feed. That year we
had an average of 105 hens through-
out the year and they laid an average
of 124 eggs each. This production was
not up to the 1919 average of 144 eggs
but it must be remembered that it
was not until late in 1918 that we
began cubing our flock. We sold eggs
worth $315.62 that year, poultry
worth 228.04, set 796 eggs in the in-
cubators and hatched 462; consumed
poultry worth $33, eggs worth $41.83
and showed a gain of $30.25 hi inven-
tory, a total intone of $648.74. To be
charged against that was $193.97 for
feed, leaving a net return that year
of $454.77. Included in the feed cost,
however, is the feed of •27 guineas. We
found guineas. a questionable side is-
sue and 'have sold them. We must
add to all feed costs the item of labor
and damage of a free range flock to
grain crops. The returns are certain-
ly worth the expenditure of labor and
money. Overhead expenses in build-
ing need not and must not be large.
Our buildings are not elaborate but
this
they are eomtortaOme. WN
winter to provide new quarters, a
semi -open front, square house, 20x20
feet, This will house 100 fowls and
.additions may be added as we need
them.
Hints on Turkey Rearing.
It is a regrettable fact that the
turkeys raised during the last few
years have rather deteriorated both
- in quality and numbers. The greater
part of all failures that occur in the
business is due to inbreeding and
careless selection of turkeys for
breeding purposes, which includes the
practice of killing the largest and
best specimens for market, and, keep-
ing the culls for breeders. The result
is a lack of vitality in the young
turkeys which means the failure of a
large proportion to grow to maturity.
There are two general methods of
maintaining and increasing vitality in
a flock of turkeys, One is by the con-
tinual introduction of new blood into
the flock and the other is by the se-
lection of the best specimens in the
flock for breeding purposes. The best
results are obtained by a combination
of these two methods. Too much new
blood cannot be inttoduced into the
flock, provided it is of good quality
and from the same variety. Above all
things, immature turkey hens should
never be selected for the production
of eggs for hatching. Hens two years
old or older, of good average size for.
the variety to which they belong, will
lay eggs that will batch out much
stronger, better poults than can be
obtained from hens one year old or
younger. The eggs can be hatched in
incubators or by hens, but as a gen-
eral rule the poults do better if brood-
ed, by the turkey hens. Poults will
thrive well if given the same carend
ro
.;:t.. ..
Kms -y �• : olt..•r. ate lbrie rU l
development of young chicks; wh
old enough they should have almos
unlimited range of pasture or wood
land. They should be fed in th
morning before they are allowed t
wander away, and a liberal supply
the evening given to teach them t
return regularly to their roostin
quarters. Turkeys require a plentifu
supply of fresh water at all times.
The feeding of turkeys for market
should commence, as soon as the cold
weather begins in the fall, which will
usually be in October. They ivill take
on flesh then more rapidly if the
range can be limited somewhat more
than during the growing period.
A ration consisting of equal parts
of finely ground oats, cornmeal and
middlings; nixed into a crumbly mass
en
t
e
0
mn
0
g
with boiling, hot water or milk and
fed while a little warm, is excellent
for fattening for market. All turkeys
intended for breeding purposes should
have been selected and separated from
the fattening birds before commencing
the fattening rations for the latter,
The advantage of keeping but one
variety of turkeys on a farm is that
a more uniform grade can always be
produced for market.
The philosophy of the model cow
stall is to furnish the cow with a
clean bed to lie on and compel her to
lie on it. The grain and ensilage man-
ger is on a level with the floor of the
stall, twenty itches above that the
may or roughage manger begins, that
is only six inches wide at the bottom,
the side next to the alley being board-
ed up tight while the side next to the
stable slants back at an angle of
forty-five degrees and is made of four -
inch cleats put on four inches apart.
The bottom of this hay manger is a
2x4 or a 2x6 and the slats are nailed
to this. The real important feature
of the stall is a 2x4 placed edgewise
across the st.rl1 just in front of the
cow's hind feet, which forms the hack
part of, the bed for the Cow to lie on,
the cement hanger furnishing the
front part, This is to be filled with
sawdust or dry earth or straw. To
determine where this 2x4 should be
placed, watch the ow place her hind
feet when she is eating grain out of
the lower manger. The 2x4 should
be placed just in front of her hind
feet, therefore the cow Cannot get
+her feet onto her bed, When sheds
!eating hay, the slanting rack catnpels
leer 'to :step back and the dropping are
deposited far enough beyond so that
+141.e does not sell her feet. When she
,'wants to lie clown, she has to step
.sup and lie on this bed : or else she
must lie right across this 2x4, Now
' doimt'tlten there is e eow that you really
Ito,* to educate to go to bed, but only a
fill wrtall percentage of "them, as it is
nothing for a cow to step slightly
ahead when she goes to lie down.
The cow can be tied with a chain
around her neck stapled to one side
of the stall, or she can be tied with a
halter fastened to the manger, This
makes little difference. You can give
her liberty to back up and take as
much exercise as the stall will permit,
but when she lies down she must lie
on this clean bed . Cows have been
kept continually in:'the same stall the
year around without having their ud-
der or side or flanks soiled a particle
by the filth of the stable,
Sheep Keep -Orchard Bearing.
For : more than half a' century Otis
Fuller lived,on a hill farm in Southern
Central New York. : The soil of his
farwag clay loam, and naturally not
very dry. He laid underdrains through
a piece of about two acres in extent
and planted it to apple trees. The
trees bore fruit regularly for fifty
years.
In all that time he used no other
fertilizer than that which came from
his flock of sheep which Was pastured
there year after year. In the fall of
the year, after the apples had been
gathered, and again in the spring
until the fruit began to be. well devel-
oped, he kept the sheep in that field,
Sometimes • he had as many as twenty.
five or thirty sheep there at a time,
The orchard was left in grass, being only rarely
It would seem from this that"sheep
manure is a good fertilizer for• arch -
Sheep ean
rch-
Sheepean not safelyhe pastured p tired in
young orchard without tree pro».
hectors.
Manure and Fertilizer.
For eleven years -at the chief ex-
perimental faxen of the country, ex-
periments have been com'dueted to
ascertain the value of farmyard ma-
nure and commercial fertilizers. Ap-
plications of these materials were
given to a four-year rotation of man -
gels, oats, clover hay and timothy
hay, and comparison made with simi-
lar land that received neither manure
nor fertilizer. The manure was ap-
plied to the mange' crop at the ;tato
of 15 tons per acre. As regards com-
mercial fertilizers, to the mongol erop
were applied per acre 100 lbs. nitrate
of sada, 300 lbs. superphosphate' and
•75 lbs. muriate of potash. Each of
the ether craps in the rotation re-
ceived 100 Ths. of nitrate of '.potash.
The experiment was continued with
mixed manure and fertilizers, one-half.
the quantity :of each being used. The
average yearly yield per acre of man -
gels on uninanured land for the .five
years, extending from 1916 to 1920,
was within.a fraction of 13 tons, of
22 tons on the immured land, of rather
more than 22 tons on, the land that
received both manure and fertilizer.
Of oats the average yield per year` per
acre for the five years was, unenanur-
ed 47.3 bushels, manured 59 bushels,
fertilized 54.3 bushels, and of manure
and fertilizer 57:5 bushels. Of clover
hay the yearly average yield per acre
was, unmanured 2.5 tons, manured 4.5
tons, fertilized 4.4: tons, and of 'ma-
nure and fertilizer also 4.4 tons. Tim-
othy hay was not eomnpieted in the
same manner. The all important point
is that the yields of mangels and oats
were greatly increased by the use of
either farm manure or fertilizer sep-
arately or in part together. These
increases, although not exactly pro-
portionate each year, 1918 being the
best, ran from 100 per cent. upwards.
Clover hay varied, and although the
fifth year yield exceeded that of the
fourth year by nearly 70` Per cent.,
the first year's yield was the, best of
all.
Field Husbandry Methods.
It is worthy of note that the soil
of the Dominion Experimental Farm
at Ottawa originally was of poor qual-
ity. Now it is rich and yields plenti-
fully, and the Farm has become an
object lesson of what can be accom-
plished by correct cultural- methods.
The land is tile -drained and well ma
nured. The report of the Dominion
Field' Husbandinan covering the twelve
months ending March 31, 1921, gives
an, insight into what is being donein
rotation experiments A. three-year
rotation of ants, had* and ensilage
corn has been followed on an Area of
about 120 'acres, Manure was -applied
for the corn at the rate of 18 tens per
acre, but the average rate of manure
to all the rotations did not exceed six
toes per acre. In order that a Asir
estimate maybe arrived at in the cost
of production and theresultant pro-
fit, the rent of tho land in the various
tables given Is placed at a high rate,
to. wit $125 per acre at 7 per cent.
The average yield of oats per year for
five years under the system employed,that is from 1916 to 1920 inclusive,
was 60 bushels per acre, the price 72c
perbushel, and the ,profit $22.57 per
acre. The profit in 1920 was much
reduced owing to the cost of labra,
which had risen, from 21c per hour in
1916 to 40c per hour in 1920. Haywas the most profitable crop for tole
five years, the average yield per acre
being 3.3 tons, the cost per acre being
$21.70, the price per ton $16,70 and
the profit per acre $35.60. Hay pos-
sesses the virtue of requiring the least
expenditure per acre to produce of any
of the farm crops. The average yield
per acre for the five years of ensilage
corn was 15.3 tons, the cost $52.95 and
the profit $29,77. Prices of both hay
and corn were up in 1920. There was
a loss on mangels of $25.98 per acre,
the average yield being 22 tons and
the average cost $70.47. In 1920 the
loss was only $16.67 per acre, ascom-
pared with $39.62 in 1917.
In summing up, the Dominion Hus-
bandman says that the most impor-
tant deduction to be made from the
rotations is that, with the necessary
application of manure, heavy yields of
crops can easily be maintained. The
report also contains treatises on farm
manure and commercial fertilizers.
Testing the Age of Eggs.
Fill a tumbler two-thirds full of
water and then place in it a newly -
laid egg and it will sink to the bot-
tom of the glass. The egg is compos-
ed largely •af water, and therefore is
heaviest while. it is fresh. The older
the egg, the lighter it beconiee on ac-
count of the water evaporating from
the white of the egg, which causes
the empty space at the thick end of
the egg to become enlarged. Hence,
at three weeks of age the egg will
lean in the water. When three months
Old it will stand perfectly straight,
with pointed end of the egg barely
touching the bottom of the glass. The
larger the empty space becomes the
more the egg will rise in the water,
until finally: itreaches the surface.
The Choosing of a Farm Horne
There Are Certain E
Many of the most discouraging'rnis,�
takes in the farming business are the
result of buying farms with'nut due
investigation of their merits. A man
can always see certain things about
his own farni which he wilt miss' in
another farm. Association with his
business brings out its weak points.
If a farmer becomes discouraged he
will magnify all the bad poins of his
•own farm and at the sante .one see
only the good things in a farm several
miles away. This condition of mind
frequently leads to quick changes that
neither benefit the mental condition
of the business farmer or his pocket-
book. From experience we have
learned several of the things that it
pays to consider when buying a farm.
Trace the fences clear around the
farm and note the condition of the
wire and the posts. If repairs are
needed, jot down their approximate
cost. It is very exasperating trying
to manage a stock farm without ade-
quate fencing.• Farmers who try it
are constantly on their mettle trying
to keep cows and hogs out of crops
and beside the nerve-racking exper-
ience. there is usually a lot of de-
struction unless good fences are built
soon after moving to the farm.
The water supply is very important
to the health of the family and a
steady supply is needed for the stock.
If the farm has a shallow dug well
that goes •dry every summer it pays
to know that fact before buying the
land. It costs a lot of money to drive
a deep well at present prices and dur-
ing the hot summer months the cattle
need a lot of water and a good well
is an important asset in the business,
Roofs Are Important..
Note the roofs on the buildings.
Many old 'farms have buildings.
shingled fifty years ago with a grade
of shingles which Were very fine. But i
they are often in worse condition than
they look and you _cannot tell how
many leaks are.. present unless you
visit the buildings on a very rainy b
day. And real estate men for the
convenienee of themselves and pas- t
sengers are apt to snake most of their
trips on sunny days. The first week
after buying' our farm we had to buy ff
seventeen thousand shingles for the a
house, as a long hard rain followed a
o Look for When Selecting a .
~ \i
or four visits from travelers who wis
to call up the garage - or borrow
pumpetire patch, quart of gas, gailo
of engine oil, etc. I know some farm-
ers on main roads who sometimes wish
their farrns were a little more seclud
ed, possibly on a good side road abou
a quarter of a mile from the mai
line of traffic. I write this to empha
size that a very nice farm home ca
be built up on the side road. 11 doe
not have to be on the plain line a
there are some disadvantages to sec
a location as well as the advantages
Church and School.
A farm near good churches anc
schools has an added value. The fam
sly with small children may buy
farm far frons the school and the
find that their location is quite
handicap when the children arrive a
school age. In some sections the con
solidated schools with their auto
busses have helped solve the problem
for farmers who do not live within
easy walking distance of a school.
The distance to a good market city
is of great importance. If you 'sell
truck, small fruit and poultry pro-
ducts you will usually have better luck
near a good city. If you are to be a
live stock and grain farmer you can
locate on land.at a greater distance
and still make money if you have good
luck. The farms near a city usually
cost much more money than more dis-
tant farms. The amount of money
tied up in your land is of greater
importance in determining whether it
is a business success or not.
The basis of a farm is good. soil,
You cannot have .a few bits analyzed
and know much about the trop -pro-
ducing ability of the farm. It pays
to see the crops on the land you ex-
pect
x
pect to buy. Thee visit with the neigh-
bors ors and find out whether they are
doing well and if the land in question
s considered good. In a few Short
visits. with the neighbors you will
1 whether you like the section or
not. It means a lot to like the neigh -
ors, Your best and dearest friends,
may live one hundred miles away but
he neighbors down the road will be
closest to you nearly all the time' and
handiest to depend upon if you tumble
o the hay wagon or the barn buns
or the baby is sick or yon need help
t threshing time. And their friendly
visits every few days will' mean more
than a couple of hours every other
oar spent with the good friend that
ou loved many year's ago.
When looking at a farm give the
uildings a thorough study. Picture
ourself lining thein day after day
for throe hundred' and sixty-five days
per year. IP the arrangement of the
tables seems awkward you might as
well know it first as last. If you bav c
of the capital for extensive improve-
mnents on buildiegs you must realize
hat you are buying the farm that you
ill •have to use,
The Welfare of the Home
Giving Ti i ks - 'By Mice VVingaite Frary.
All thoughtful parents; I gen .sure, He was 'to keep -his ' powers at their
wish their children to have "wide in-
terests and simple pleasures." Indeed,
the two go together, for the farther
into the activities of others the child's
sympathies carry him, the more whole-
some pleasures he is bound to discover
for himself. To broaden the outlook,
Froebel has given mothers the Grass-
mowing Play, Itis gay, old-fashioned
little song, beginning,
"Peter, Peter, quickly go
To the fields the grass to mow,"
shows the 'baby how many workers
contribute to his well-being. It can
not fail to interest a child when he
knows the cow must be fed to furnish
the milk he 'so much likes, the butter
churned and his rolls baked from the
soft white flour the miller has ground.
This train of thought naturally leads
hint on to a• contemplation of the great
'Source of all supply, the Giver of all
good. And as the child sings these
quaint little verses happily, with their
appreciative climax, he is learning to
express loving gratitude:
"Thanks to all are gladly said,
Baker, thank you for the bread.
Thanks dear mother shall not miss,
Given with a loving kiss."
Furthermore, if a child grows up
realizing how his life 1s interwoven
with those about him he will be, safe-
guarded against selfishness, and if he
is taught to think about work and
play in their relationship to each
other, over -emphasizing either will be
prevented. Roosevelt in writing to
one of his sons, commended him for
having excelled in college athletics,
but reminded him that it was not
praiseworthy to exert himself to the
limit of his strength for a trivial end.
'highest, then give himself utterly
when a worth -while occasion arose.
Even young children can be taught to
keep an idea of balance, and will be
richer and happier for the krt,owledge,
The broader the education of the
parents, the more they will have to
pass on to theme children, Once open
your child's eyes to the ways by which
he is provided with food, clothing,
transportation, heat, light, and other
comforts, and if he ..has "a normal,
eager mind, he will, as he grows older,
find means of supplementing .what
you have taught him. When you have
given him the inestimable advantage
of a fair -beginning, he will see and
understand the evidences of cause and
effect in his life. Far instance late
bedtime is pleasant in the evening, but
detrimental to school work; eating
vegetables may be a trial, but I have
seen four -year-olds devour them with
increasing willingness, in order to
have "rosy cheeks and straight, strong
legs."
But perhaps the greatest advantage.
we ,give our children in showing them
the relationship's of incidents and cir-
cumstances in their lives, is -the habit
of appreciation. Then naturally fol-
lows gratitude to the Heavenly Father.
Why should every good thing be taken
for granted? Saying "Thank you" is
more than an. amenity. They will be
better members of society for having
learned to express gratitude, with the
knowledge of a reason for "Giving
Thanks," in the understanding gained
of
"The Life of all life,
The Light of all light,
The Love of .all love,
The Good of all good—God."
—Froebel.
How I Cure Meat.
Almost every farmer knows just
about how he likes his smoked meat
cured so as to give it the special flavor
that suits the family palate. But the
keeping of this meat into the summer
and the next autumn, without having
a great deal of it spoil by becoming
rancid, is a different problem.
I have tried several different meth-
ods, and have :decided that the most
satisfactory one consists in taking the
meat out "of the smokehouse as soon
as it is cool. I then wrap it in heavy
paper and bury it hi salt. It is nec-
essary to have a stone jar or a chest
in which to store the meat, so as to
keep out the rats and mice. About
two inches of salt should be spread
on the bottom .of the container, and
the meat packed with plenty of salt
eeneteeotreeen walla at ittst two .inches
over the top. I have taken meat out
h in November that was packed in Feb -
a ruary, and have found the flavor un -
n
impaired and with absolutely no trace
of mold.
The essentials in this process con-
sist in wrapping the meat so the paper
will prevent the salt coining in direct
contact with :the meat, and in getting
enough salt about the meat to keep
the moisture eontent and temperature
as nearly normal as possible. When
meat is packed in this manner it
comes out with just about the seine
firmness that it had when put into
the salt. •
I also have tried hanging meat in
smoke -houses, and wrapping it and
storing it in the wheat and oats bin.
a These methods are fairly satisfactory,
n but the meat generally must be rather
a freely trimmed of •mold when taken
t out amid it is qui
t
n
n,
s
s
h
1
quentty very
- hard, and sometimes rather strong.
'Any grade of cheap salt will do.—R.
mm L.
Why It Pays to Shelter
by a careful inspection of the roof
proved that those shingles were need-
ed right away instead of in a year or
two as we had figured on a sunny day.
A good road is a business asset,
especially louring' the winter and on b
rainy days when a farmer can .leave y
his work occasionally, 01 course, it is
useful in marketing .at alI seasons. If
you are on a main road it brings s
chances` to sell produce at the door.
The only disadvantage of a main road u
is the amount of traffic at night, This
is sometimes a ntiisarice when you are t
tired and wish to sleep and have three w
Anneals.
I have observed that the best pro-
tected animals thrive the best in win-
ter, consume less feted and fatten in
a shorter period. A fleshy animal will
withstand the cold much better than a
thin one, in fact, the fleshy animal
seeks the outdoors a great deal in
winter, but there are times when it
seeks the shelter of a barn or wind-
break.
An animal in poor flesh requires
adequate eover during the coed
months, such that it does not have to
draw heavily on its food supply 'to
keep warm. Given a warm place or
a place fully protected it will recuper-
ate quickly and fleshen more rapidly
than if exposed to the weather. Flogs t
having a choice between a straw stack
and a comfortable hoghouse with a
little fresh bedding hi it lose little
time in choosing the latter before
dark of a cold night, even though they s
are well fattened. A fat steer likes
to sun himself after he has filled up
his stomach but he chooses the side
of a barn or windbreak that protects
him from the cold wind.
Drafts are objectionable, that is
where cold winds maywhistle through
the building. They induce colds in
the live stock as well as in humans.
Doors can easily be arranged so that
the barns are riot Closed up tight at
night and still no drafts will be had.
It is better to have a building partly
open on one side than to have heavy
drafts through it, Adequate protec-
tion has always paid dividends on our
farm and should do the Mite on
others.
A Living From Four Acres.
Will you help me form a plan to
get several hundred dollars a year
from a four -acre farm, asks a cor-
respondent.
It takes more than ordinary ability
to get even a moderate living from a
tract of land so small as this. If
farm is so situated as to have g
markets near by, we sagged, sone -
thing like the following: One -fou
acre of strawberries, one acre of vege-
tables of the kinds for which there
the best local market, which can o
be 'determined by a study of th
markets. This leaves two ,acres
which to raise feed for a cow. It
would be wise to keep one eow,
not to attempt to raise the calves,
Sell the cow when she goes dry a
buy afresh one:: ;One pig and •same
twenty:ive hens could ,be fed largely
from waste :materials from the fiel
and garden and scraps from the table.
I would divide the two acres for fi
crops into three equal fields and r
a rotation of •corn, oats, and clover
thein. Fertilize these •crops well,
ing :on corn and oats about 200 poun
of acid phosphate and seventy-fi
pounds of muriate of potash to t
acre. Cut the corn and use the fo
der, along with the oat straw a
clover hay, for the cow. The grain
corn and oats-oats—may Inc used either f
the cow, the pig, or the chickens. B
what other concentrated feed is nee
ed. This plan would keep one m
busy, and ought at Ieast to make
fair living for a family.
Canning Factory Products.
m
the
ood
m
rth
is
my
ss
on
but
nd
'
ds
e1d
un
on
us
ds
ve
the
d�
nd
or
uy
rl-
an
a
Because of the wide and increasing
demand for canning factory products,
a standardization of the output has
beeonme a necessity not only for the
protection of the consuming public but
in the interest of the factories them-
selves. Thus the wisdom of the ge
eminent regulation requiring that t..e
grade or quality of the product be
stated on the label :.becomes mnanifeel.
Climatic •conditions in this country acs
such that an all -year supply of fresh
fruits and vegetables is unavailable
unless they are inmpc.rted from other
countr.es at prices generally beyond
the reach of the average consumer In
other days the housewife depended
entirely upon her own efforts at pre-
serving and canning, but the shortage
of domestic help, the increased cost"
of ingredients, and the developmentof consumption, have caused a general
demand for factory -canned products.
Considering the tine, trouble, and ex-
pense involved in home canning, it is
often econonmoal to purchase the
, face
ory product. Most modern factories
contract for their supplies the pre-
ious winter at prices a good deal less
than the fruit or vegetables would
command if sold to the public. In
eine instances they supply the seed
and exercise supervision over the
methods employed in •cultivation. Gov-
ernment inspectors see to " it that
proper sanitary emeasures are em-
ployed and hereafter, instead of each
factory- being a law unto itself, all will
be required to adopt uniform ; grades -
for their products, and a can of peas
for example marked No. 1 will be of
the same size and quality no natter
where produced.
To be a goad dairyman you must
meet and know other dairymen who
know how to handle cows. head the
agricultural papers, and the paper dew
voted to your breed. Be familiar with
the weals and strong points of each
animal in the herd and strive to pre-
vent a recurrence of the weals points
in the offspring by skillful mating,
We arc strong, for bird sanctuaries
and are particularly happy to learn
that thetown of Varmouth, Nova
Bootie, has purchased an island in its
lake as a bird sanctuary for great
black -:backed. gulls,
Paint adds greatly to the appear.
once and :service of all farnt• bciildinga,;.: