HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-12-01, Page 7BEARINGS ARE SUPPO.
What is a bearing? Well, it is a
support for a' moving, part, made so
as to minimize friction, stand wear
and achieve fie adjustment, R would
not be a bad idea if more humans had
characteristics of a bearing..
There are hundreds of these things
in an automobile, eo one •could hardly
be blamed for losing just a few- But
the loss of ..only a few might raise
merry havoc with the machine, and
put it in the drydock of the automobile
world--the repair shop
There are manly types of bearings,
come in which the metas ;ire selected
with the idea of obtaining strength
rather than non -friction qualities;
others have strong metal shells lined
with a .comparatively soft non friction
metal. In these bearings moving
.members slide ,over each other.
In addition to this we have the eo
called anti friction bearings, in which
balls, or straight, taper, or helical
rollers are used, giving a rolling rath-
er than. sliding' contact.
On the engines alone there are more
than one hundred bearings. This is
figured on the average six -cylinder
motor; some of them have more than
double the number. There are, for
instance, the following:
Six cylinders, six wrist -pin bear-
ings, six crank -pin bearings, four
main, three cam -shaft, twelve earn,
twelve push rod, twelve valve stein,
two fan, two water pump, eight ig-
nition, ,six spark control, six carbur-
etor control, six carburetor, three oil
pump, four self-starter, and four self-
starter ltinkage g+earings, total 102.
The first named cylinder and piston,
not generally termed 'bearings, .are
usually of cast iron, which gives com-
paratively lona wear and in which the
friction is not great if well lubricated.
When wear does ,occur at this point
it is necessary to rebore and have
larger pistons fitted.
When Wear Occurs.
The wristepin bearings usually are
in the form of a bronze shell, called
a bushing, surrounding the wrist pin;
when wear occurs it is necessary to
drive out the bushing and replace with
a new one which fits. In some cases
it is necessary to replace the wrist
pin also.
The crank -pan bearings are usually
in halves, the metal babbitt or bronze,
surrounded by. a steel strap or casing:
when wear occurs, the adjustment is
made by taking out thin sheets of
metals ,called shims, which allow the
halves to be brought closer together.
main ain crank -shaft bearings are of
the same type.
The cam -shaft bearings are usually
in bushing form, or. of ball type, which
must be replaced with new ones when
they become worn. The cam -follower
bearings may be just flat plates rest-
ing directly upon the cant, or rollers
running on -a pin in the valve push
rod. Wear in these parts would usu-.
ally be compensated for by adjusting
screws on the valve push -rods.
The push -rod guides are sometimes
made of east iron or other metal, with
babbitt or bronze shell in bushing
form, and would require ° replacement
-when worn.
The oil pump bearings consist of a
plunger working in a small cylinder,
with one •encs: bearing against a cam
or a pair of gears driven from the
cam shaft. These bearings., being
it TS FOR MOVING PARTS.
perfectly lubricated, seldom or never'
require adjustment.
All of the bearings considered so
far are cared for by the lubricating
syrstem of the engine, which starts
When the engine starts to run, and as
long as oil is kept in the engine they
are quite certain to be taken care of,
barring accidental stoppage of the oil
lead.
Fan .Also on Bearings.
The fan usually runs- on ball bear-
ings, which are lubricated with a
squirt •can, being ixsnally of the cup
and cone type. that are adjusted by
tightening the cone. The water pump
bearings are lubricated by compres-
sion grease cups; when the bearings
become badly worn it is necessary to
drive out the bushings and replace
them; generally the shaft eke will
need replacing. When this shaft be-
comes worn out of round no amount
of tightening of the stuffing box will
prevent water from leaking out.
The valve stem guides are some-
times bushings, but more usually are
holes bored through the cylinder tast-
ing. In the former ease, when wear
occurs the bushing may be driven -out
and a new one, with new valve, instal-
led; in the latter •case, the holes must
be reamed true and larger, and valves
with larger stens be inserted.
In the ignition system ball bearings
usually are employed with or without
means of adjustment. These are lub-
riceted with an oil can or packed in
grease. There is one bearing of the
ignition system which is unique in
that some manufacturers advise keep-
ing it free from lubrication substances
of any kind. This is the rocker arm of
the" interrupter on certain makes of
magnetos. Other forms of interrupt-
ers are so constructed that lubrication
isadvisable.
The carburetor air -valve bearing
operates better if not lubricated, but
does wear and need replacing at times.
The throttle bearings may be lubri-
cated and would certainly wear longer
if this were done. When they do wear
air is admitted which is noticeable at
low engine speed, causing skipping
and irregular running. Then the holes.
in the castingmust be enlarged and
a larger shaft inserted.
Pins Usually Not Adjustable.
The throttle and spark -control link-
age have a number of hearings, which
may be of the steel ball and socket
type ora wire bent to fit in an eye.
These pins should; be frequently lubri-
cated with a squirt can. Usually they
are not adjustable, so that parts must
be replaced when they become badly
worn.
The self-starter motor and genera-
tor are usually equipped with ball
bearings and are lubricated with a
squirt can. Both the motor and gen-
erator have -a copper commutator on
which carbon brushes bear. These are
not bearings, strictly speaking, but
,they do require a very slight trace
of oil. The commutator ;becomes worn
occasionally and must,be smoothed up
with fine sand paper, or, if badly worn,
rust be removed and trued in a lathe.
The other principal bearings
throughout the car are usually of ball
or roller type, which may or may not
be acljustable. Usually the directions
for the care and replacement are given
in the manufacturer's instruction
book.
Man was made for action.
The mind must be employ-
ed, and when it is employed
normally it gives a great
sense of satisfaction, and
increases, health. Thein-
dividual feels the exhilara-
tion of constant growth,
and there is no stimulant
like that. It gives an uplift
to the entire nature. There
is no tonic, no stimulant,
like that of the successful
pursuit of one's highest
ambition.
The Only Way.
Tommy had been very troublesome
41 school. The teacher had instituted
a new form of punishment. She kept
a. roll of those children who made
themselves ,conspicuous by their bad
behaviour, and each month a list of
the "awful examples" was posted up.
This afternoon, .when she thought
she'd' stood about enough, she sudden-
ly stopped the classwork, . and ex-
claimed'sternly: „
"Now„ listen to me, Tommy! If you
tou't stop misbehaving I shall have to
ake your name.
''Well, teacher;" replied the small
boy, "you'll have to marry Inc first."
ees_eo
Moral Hens.
A young married woman who moved
oto the country t;ontisidered the keep-
' ag. of hens a pleasant and profitable
i ertakin As she grew more ab -
>A
ed in tb purealt her enthusiasm
• "b 1 the 1 ut
erased, During eae of iher animated
serip bolsi •cf her ucoe . s ss a friend d ing
red: "Are your hots good laying
s?"
yea" yea she replied, int a ddliglited
tote; "they haven't laid a bad Ogg
etl"
$15,000 to Light a Fire. .
The news that Britain's blast fur-
nace's are being rekindled is encour-
aging, says a London paper. For
months they have been cold owing to
the prohibitive cast of setting them
going,
The blast furnace, which looks like
a gigantic beehive, is used for smelt-
ing iron. Its roaring crown of flames
is a familiar sight in the Midlands.
Few people realize what it costs to
set one going. Many tons of wood are
needed, and once this has ignited, load
after load of coke is poured into the
furnace, The heat is now intense, but
it is riot nearly sufficient to smelt iron
ore.
For three weeks the furnace mast
roar night and day to bring the clay
lining to a temperature great enough
for the purj sae. All this time the fur-
nace is producing nothing whilst it
consumes cote worth 23,000.
As there are about 300 of these
miniature volcanoes in that country,
the cost of setting all of thein going
runs into something like 81,000,000.
_;"s --
Equal to the Occasion.
.. pian 'overtaking two friends heard
his own name ineiitioned and asked
what it was they were saying about
hire,
"Well," assured one, "to tell the
truth,, we were disputing as to wheth-
er you are -a fool or a rogue."
Taking an anisof each ha said:
"I think I can best settle that—I am
something between the two."
More Also. '
Roger had justreturned from the
birthday party, •
"Aud did you remember to wish
alit; ie many happy returns of the
clay?" asked his mother.
"Yes, and 1 wislied her many happy'
retains of the cake, too," replied the
young hopeful.
ProvramTa "1 t h e wors
yet to come
Fishes That Climb Trees.-
It seems something •of a miracle that
a fish should be able to indulge in oc-
casional tree -climbing:
On certain parts of the coasts of
Asia and Africa; when the tide goes.
out, a fish known to the natives as the
bommi is left behind. Instead of find-
ing dry land uncongenial,- this' fish en-
joys it thoroughly and makes hunting
expeditions among the pools. Its
breast fins are like elbow -joints, and
by means of there it skips and juleps -1
about the ,shore: . !!
Observation of the antics of 'this
queer specimen has shown that it is
apt to retire speedily to a little peel i
and dip its tail in the water. This is
because it has a supplementary breath-
ing apparatus in its. tail.
Thisaflsh has been known to climb
a tree in the course, of its wanderings'.
There are quite a. number of species
which can live outof water without
experiencing any inconvenience. In ti
India certain speciee of .fsh can li_ve L
out of water for a day or two, and ori a
hot summer's day they may be seen
strolling rattier clumsily across the
fields.
Again, in Africa, there is a fish
which has two lungs. -in addition to
gills. Far about six months of the
year it lives entirely out of water. It
gorges itself on. food, as during the
sunnm,er it buries itself in: mud swamis•
and lives on its fat,
A Brasillan fish, which spentls the
summer in the sante way, walks about
on its fins. Whenr.kept in an aquarium,
it has been known to approach a keep-
er and feed out of his hand.
es-
• Giving Her a Tip. t
"Bridget, I don't want you to have
so much company. Why, you have
more callers in a day than I have in a
week."
"Welt, mum, perhaps if you'd try to
be a little more .agreeable, you'd have
as many callers as I have."
Bank of England to be
Rebuilt.
The famous Bank of England Build-
ing, called the OId Lady of Thread-
needle Street, will soon be entirely re-
built, remade several stories higher and
renovated so radically as to cause a
change. inside and out, says a London
despatch. In the many years of its
activities the bank as it grew necessi-
tated taking premises far branch work
•outside the old. Threadneedle area.
Now it is planned to bring all the
work together under one roof. Efforts
will be made to preserve as much as
possible the original features of the
building, but some of the gardens on
the four acre plot probably will dis-
appear.
Despite its' cold financial pursuit,
the old building is full of romance.
During the Gordon riots in 1780 the
clerks were armed, inkstands were
melted into bullets, and the rioters
were beaten off.
Where Girls Propose.
A curious custom prevails in Himia,
one of the little islands of the Greek
Archipelago.
The girls of this tiny isle exercise
the right to propose to the men!
The inhabitants• of Himia are en-
gaged
n
gaged almost entirely in sponge fish-
ing. When a girl desires to marry,
she .waits until she has obtained the
number of sponges from the sea that
oarresponds with, the cumber of yearn
she has lived.
These she placers -in a silk net, which
site presents to the man of her choice.•,
Siiculcl he refuse, his chances of ob-
aining another bride are remote, as
usually the Himian maidens shun him
as a punishmentµ
With wings nearly a foot in width
extended, the Great Atlas Moth, of
India, is the largest moth or 'butter-
fly in the world.
Raccoon Ra chhhg C ads
The raising of wild animals far their
pelts in Canada, which may be said to
have had its inception in the cult of
the silver fox in Prince Edward Island,
has spread all over the Dominion and
come to include within the scope of its
activities practically all , fur bearers of
any value. One which has been some-
what slow in. finding favor in the Do-
minion, but which has risen to greater
popularity with the increased value of
its skin, is the raccoon. The initial
successes achieved in Canada in the
domestication of this little animal has
thrown light upon the industry and
the profits to be secured from its fol-
lowing and has encouraged many to
enter upon this interesting pursuit.
Now raceeou ranches, are to be found
all aver the eastern and occasionally
in the western provinces.
Canada holds out particular advant-
ages to' those inclined to follow the
farming of these profitable little fur -
bearers. The climate -and topography
of the Canadian provinces are con-
ducive to the production of richer and
glessior furs .of all kincld than other
countries. This is true of both the
wild and domesticated animals and
the raccoon is no exception, Coons
found wild- or raised on ranches in
Canada are stated to be in every way
superior to those in existence acme
the border.
Easily Dorestioated.
Authorities are of the opinion nest
raccoons are the most easily dopiest'.-
sated of all the denizens of the wild,
after a• short time in confinement los-
ieig all Inclination to °stray from their
new Moines and becoming as home-.
loving as kitteii+,a. If permitted t• ..o
stray from their pens they will inverts
ably return. They are lees delicate tt
the roaring than foxes and it Is almost
impossible to kill thorn through ea -
'assure or neglect. . They are both.
meat and vegetable feeders, which
sinspliflos the proposition of dieting.
Their food In the wilds consists large-
ly of frogs, honey and birds' eggs;
domesticated they' thrive exceedingly
on butchers' scraps cooked and boiled
corn. Glass is put on the fur by peri-
odical administrations of castor oil.
Not anly is this animal a fur -bearer
but valuable in his products from
three paints of view. Besides his pelt,
which of recent yearn has greatly in-
creased in value, from twenty-five to
forty pounds of palatable meat, as
fine as lamb, is taken from his carcass
as well as about a gallon of oil,
Generous Profits Obtained.
The raccoon is prolific, producing at
birth from two to nine of a. litter, so
that a substantial ranch- can be built
up in a. very short time and the pro-
position put on a profitable basis. Pos-
sessed of a home -loving instinct as
these animals are, a ranch may suc-
cessfully be conducted within a very
limited area, A very successful one,
in :fast, is conducted within the con-
fines of the city of Montreal, where 0
breeder, after a xperixnenting all his
life with ether species of furbeKarerc,
decided upon the raccoon as offering
generally the greater profits, and has
run his ranch for six years, The foun-
dation . steel: he obtained from sits-
uaals caught by farmers and from.
other 'domesticated stock,
There 1s a great future for the do
mestio rearing of fni bearers in Cana-
da, and eacb year the industry is at -
tabling more important proportions.
Settlement is gradually curtailing the
natural haunts. of these animals, and
Ms the other hand national fur' mer- ,
stets at N.Gantrea'1 and Winnipeg are
be-
comingilr ant as world fur centres,
As the richest producer of wild furs in
the past, Canada is determined to
tb •, is herprestige in the•fi future,
mai tat pies ge u i te,
Against the inevitable diminution of
Mlle catch, by extensive estobliehment-
of 4omestlo ranches, provltlthg paella
able openings 16i' many follower:;,
Affirmation.
oration.
"1 ani one with the all
good. This is an splendid
thing to keep in your uimd
constantly. .Say it every
day of your life, 44T tun one
with the all good, one with
the infinite life, one with
omniscience, one with om-
nipresence—and if I am, T
partake of all these quasi
ties. I am perfect and im-
mortal because I am creat-
ed by perfection, by immor-
tality.
"I am love 'kecause I am
the product o love's crea-
tion."
rea-tion."
Here ant There in Canada.
.
In the whole of Canada there are
1,065 million board measurement feet
of standing timber, according to the
federal government. Of this, 860 bil-
lion feet are located in British Colum
bra anti 200 billion feet in the praorie
provinces.
The total value of 6,128,880 acres of
land assessed under the Wild Lands
Tax in Saskatchewan is $79,791,607,
according to the report of the Wild
Lands Tax Commissioner, published In
the annual report of the Department
of Municipal Affairs.
Brick and tile to the value of $300,-
000,
300;000, manufactured in Saskatchewan,
were used in buildings that were
-erected in 1920, in connection with
which materials to the value of $8,-
379,774 were used, While Saskatche-
wan contains some of the largest and
most valuable clay deposits on the
continent, they are as yet practically
undeveloped. A wonderful. market In
Western Canada where last year it is
estimated morn than $28,000,000 worth
of clay products were used, awaits the
development of the ceramic industry
in this province.
Exports of lumber and manufac-
tures of lumber to the United States
through the port of St. John, for the
three mouths ending September, 1921,
aggregated $753,492. Exports of Iaths
amounted' to $75,171; lumber, $384,-
061;
384,061; pine boards, ,$23,807; pulpwood,
$75,470; shingles, $2,595; and wood
pulp, $192.385.
A company has been incorporated
with provincial charter to operate a
large lumber mill and carry on lum-
ber operations at St. Francis, near Ed-
monton, N.B. It is understood that
Boston and Maine capital la behind
the new company.
Erection of a paper mill, near Fort
George, B.C., to cost approximately
$6,000,0,00, wit be undertaken immedi-
ately, provided negotiations with the
provincial government for leases on
timber limits are successful, it was an-
nounced by Robert Tyhurst, of the
Fraser timber syndicate.
Discovery of a large deposit of full-
er's earth at Northern, British Colum-
bia, is reported by Ralph C: Jessup,
of New York. Mr. Jessup has left
for New York, where he willl endeav-
or to interest capital to exploit his
find. - •
As an indication of the growth of
automobile ownership in the province
of New Brunswick, figures obtained
from the provincial government show
an increase of 2,362 licenses granted
for the year 1921 up to the middle of
October, against the whole of last
year. The number of licenses issued
were 13,576 and 11,216 respectively.
Thirty -live bogs of McIntosh red
apples were packed from one tree in
an orchard at Vernon, B.C., in addition
to eight bags of windfalls. The tree is
fourteen years old, and from one hun-
dred trees in the same orchard 1,700
boxes of apples were picked.
Banquet Without the
Hostess.
A procession of thirty-six elephants,
Painted green and red, met the.
Prince of Wales when he entered the
territory of the only Mohammedan
woman ruler in the world the Begum
of Bhopal.
The Begum is a highly -educated, cul-
tured woman who speaks English
fluently, She is fond of music and
painting, and has written one os two
books, notably an account of her pil-
grimage to Meeaa,
Robbers attacked her caravan, but
the Begum, personally leading her
bodyguard, routed them.
This ruler was not present at her
banquet to the Prince, for site is not
permitted to take food in public,
Natural Question.
"I remember," said grandma re-
miniscently, "that when I was a girl
WO used to.make our bread with soda."
' "And did you use ice cream soda
when you made cake?" asked her little
granddaughter.
Luck is over waiting for
something to turn up. La-
bor, with keen eyes and
strong purpose, will turn
up something. Luck lies in
bed and wishes the post-
man would bring him the
news of a legacy. Labor
turns out at six o'clock and
with busy pen or ringing
Balmer lays the founda-
tion t, • a competence. d '
31 rcol�l7 t�.l
2
�. iC�. Lllf'1:
whines.. Labor whistles,
Luck relies 3 upon Chance ;
labor upon . capital.Cob-
den,
ME CORN BELT IS
T VEILING NORTH
will OCCUPY REGION OF
WHEAT BELT.
And an the Near Future Will
Become a .StaAp'ie Crop of
the Canadian West.
A striking feature of the ,,1921 bar-
vest in the Canadian Western pro-
vinces Is the quantity of corn to be
seen on every hand, adding a novel
touch to the western landseape of a
few years ago, The traveller through
the countryside encountered on all
sides splendid sturdy • stands of the
growing crop, and later met plots end
fields of the tail ripened sheaves'
ready for the silo and the winter's
feed bin, The stalwart growth and ex-
cellent. yields- of the corn of the
Prairie Provinces have occasioned ex-
clamations of amazement and admira-
tion from visitors across the line who,
dwelling in what are known as the
1'Corn States," are in the best position
to appreciate the wonderful produc-
tion of Western Canadian soil In
ingrained belief that their territory
alone on the continent possessed the
properties for successful corn produc-
tion, their astonishment and marvel
can be imagined,
It is not so very many years ago
since sceptics staid that wheat could
never be grown prontabiy in Canada,
and gradually the growth and extent
Sian of Western Canadian cultivation
saw the wheat belt travel northward
in its wake, until -now it is generally
acknowledged to lie well within the
Canadian West, a situation attested
by a decade's uninterrupted successes
in winning international honors for
this crop, Indications would now tend
to the assumption that the cern belt
is undergoing something of the same
process• of shifting, and that, in the
near future, earn will be a staple •crop
of the Canadian West, and the Prairie
Provinces vie with the corn states
across the border in their annual-
yields. Certainly the excellent crops
to be seen all over this territory, and
the increasingly large areas devoted to
the culture, would demonstrate there
is nothing in soil or climate to hinder
such circumstances coming to pass.
Amazed at Growth of Corn.
The realization of this fact will un-
doubtedly have a great effect on their
attitude towards Canada of United
States fanners in whose agricultural
activities Born enters as such a large
factor, and Canadian agricultural
should be regarded with yet greater
favor. Recently, a party of United
States farmers visited the Canadian
West to look over farm lands with the
intention of purchasing and settling
if satisfied. They were shown various
sections where values ranged from
$25 per acre to $50 per acre. In the
Course of their inspection they were
amazed and delighted to see the ex-
cellent
xcellent stands of earn as fine, of their
own acknowle'agment, as they could
produce on the highly held lands far-'
ther south. Learning the price of the
land they exclaimed, "These farms are
worth at least $75 per acre when you
can raise corn like this:' They were
cora farmers and reckoned in terms
of corn production. Needless to say
they decided in favor of Canada and
are now preparing to raise corn north
of the line,
Other United States farmers will
I probably be just as amazed to learn
that the Canadian West can raise corn
to evoke the admiration of cern belt
experts. The fact tht corn is only be-
coming really papula; in the West is
due to several causes, one being that
devotion to the cult of wheat and
other cereals has tended to practically
exclude more craps and another that
before the more intensive farming
which is becoming the order in the
larger portions of the provinces, the
wide ranges provided the necessities
of paisturage and winter feed.
Certain it is that in the West corn
can be grown successfully, and the in-
creasing favor it is finding with farm•
ere augurs the future location of the
corn belt mush in the same region
where the wheat belt is to=day,
Gun That Saves Life.
Many things can be shot out of guns
besides bullets and shells. An invent.
or has just produced a gum. from which.
a stout line can, frons the shoulder, be
shot a distance 01 one hundred and
ten yards,
The apparatus is partiieuiariy useful
to ships, yachts, or lifeboats% when
they require asSistanoe, or for sending
a line on to a quay or over a wreck.
Its use tette brigades., it 'is beltaved,
will be invaluable also
The meahanism its of a simple char-
acter. The gen a fitted wth a stand,
and whea, placed on thia the distance
to which the line can be sent is Von
.greater. -
Milk -Pudding Don'ts,
Dana drink milk with your meals!
So said Sir Zanies Cantlie, the emi-
nent surgeon, in a lecture recently.
Milk clots upon meat or fish, 'anti
the gastric :1111 4'6; t•anitot, get to work,
This curd gets harder and becomes
like- cream cheese, thereby impeding
the digestion or. the meat.
I3y drinking milk with meat you lose
tits benefit of both and cerise great
trouble to.tha stomach. Milk puddings
should Prot be taken wttli Meat, fish,
on; gt mf,,.
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