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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-10-13, Page 2a • • Address ourrimunIcations to aaronornier. 73 Adelaide $te Weer 'Foram* Cleall Cows and Clean Milkers. Healthy cows ,seerete healthy milk. Bacteria and dirt get into the milk after it is drawn from the cow or in the process of milking. The cow is not the gailty party, Milk does not come from the cow entirely free from keep the teats of the cow sterilen however, we can keep them clean and reduce contamination froin this source. The duets .of the teats and the body temperature of the cow af- ford ideal coaclitions for the bacteria to multiply and, the best we can do, the lower ducts of the teats will eon- tain a considerable number of bac- teria. By using the first few jets of who has been attending a sick per- son can •not work among cows or in, Ithe dairy room witheut being a seined° of danger to all who use the milk from such a dairy, Typhoid, diph- theria and scarlet fever outbreaks ' without tumber prove this point with bageria becauee it is impossible to their deadly results. In the eare of dry utensils there is still further chalice of contamiaa- rim). This trouble is not from bae. toria that commonly adhexe to these utensils but from those introduced in handling and washing. Washing -and caring for the dairy utensils is very exacting from the standpoint of cleanliness aid the quality of the water used. A supply of bacteria - Fighting Quack Grass With. out IV Hoe. One of the farmer's prelelems is to get a crop that he wants. evoid crop that he does not want, and get out ointhe right side of the iedger, One of the ieethods of gettirg rid of such pests as thistles and quacingraes that has been suggested is te put a ce- ment pavement over the place and keep it there for a few years, qr as a cheaper substitute: cover the laud with tarred 'paper till the eristing plants are smothered out, all of which seems paying "too much, assuming that the desired result could' be ob- tained. , Another method, not involving much use of the hoe, and which looks good on paper, however it might work out in practice, -has been suggested, viz,, to seed the plant to...Alfalfa and crop the alfalfa till the weeds are choked 'out, If that would work it would seern hard to beat; but, like the stery of, the Swed ho want- ed his chum to jun te from the dock to' the ferry, are; suggest - milk to wash out the ducts, the milk laden water which will leave some of ed that he might mere, it in . a couple of jumps, there night be an that goes into the pail will be grade. the bacteria on the utensils is an cally free from bacteria. If prope • care is taken at this stage of pr duction, the few bacteria which g into the milk from this source are o but little consequence.. On the other hand, cows that hay local diseases of the udder may giv milk which at tines is contaminate arti the bacteria which cause thi eneese. There is a well-founde op..elon in medical circles that suc go ens can live and pass into the bed of the user and cause the same dis ease as the cow was affected with This shows us that tuberculosis o the udder may readily be transmitted to human beings, or to young stock Milk from unhealthy cows shoul never be used by human beings, or t feed young stock on the fgom. N matter how well the other require ments are met, if the cows producin the milk are not all in good healt we fail. After proper precautions in milking we are confronted by other troubles. First, it is exposed to dust and dirt in the stable, which consists largely of dried manure and urine from the floor. The cow is not a particularly clean enimal and the same materials that are found on the floor will be found, in a greater or less degree, dried upon her flanks, belly and tail. If the long hair on the cow's tail, flanks and udder are not elipped and brushed and the udder washed the movements of the cow and milker set in motion a rain of this bacteria - laden dust and the swishing of the eow's tail only adds to the trouble. The dried excrement dust is rich in organic matter, and loaded with bacteria front the inteetines and urin- nry passages of the cow, which thrive and multiply on the food thus given them. By adhering to this solid dirt they get into milk and find ideal places to grow and multiply. When we drink such milk we take in many of the former inhabitants of the cow's stomach arid intestines. The thought of this becomes repulsve when we re- member that the cow may be throw- ing off tuberculosis bacilli before the disease appears elsewhere. There is greater danger in milk being con- taminated from this source than be- fore it leaves the udder. Such bacteria cause serious diseases when taken into the human stomach and intes- tines. Dried excrement frorn the cow's body will cause thii kind of ' contamination and undoubtedltr plays even a greater part when the cows ere kept in a filthy, dust -laden stable common on dairy farms. .:lay and straw dust will give rise te no very serious diseases, but it aal tend to lingten the souring of the a like and cause va.rious bacterial grewths that will impart a disagree- able odor and taste to the milk. Such dust is as much out of place so fax as clean milk is concerned as the ether. Lactic acid germs are always Piasent where conditions are right for their growth and development, and while they do not affect the sanitary qualities of the milk, they do affect its keeping qualities. The milkers and handlers of milk in ths dairy rooms are a prolific source of contamination. Unclean methods af milking and handling Of the pro- ' duets afford opportunities for the pol- lution of the milk by disease organ- isms, as well as dust and dirt that adheres to the milker's hands and a clothing. Here is where such disease t bacteria as typhoid, scaxlet fever and f diphtheria get into the milk. Milk la it comes from the healthy cow does o not wet:ern these bacteria. They eorne from the outside after the milk le drawn from the cow. Any person Corn Borer Causing Serious Damage. owing to the exten.sive spread of 'w the European Corn Borer in the Province of Ontario and the States of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, in 1921, fifty official entomologists f and agriculturists of Canada and the United States recently met at San.. e dusky, Ohio, and St. Thomas, Ontario. le It wall recognized that the natural tuned of the inseet and its establish- S ment over large area, makes extert b rnitation impossible and it was agreed that efforts' be direeted to check fur- e thee' spread so far as possible and to promote the speedy development of g practical tontrol measures. The oonfextence adopted the follow - jag Metheds a control, which have been foaled of Value:— ly (1) Cut col% close to the grand so d %trip.. its possible. , insidious source of danger to con- e. sumers of milk. When the milk goes et into these utensils there is a fresh f supply of these bactexia ready to thrive and multiply on their new sup- • ply of food and they grow and mul- e tiply with disastrous results. If ty- d phoid germs are in well-wate,r they will have a chance to contaminate any d milk that goes into the utensils after h they have been washed in such water. N'umerous other kinds of bacteria Y..; such as those that cause ropy, colored ! and slimy nailk are frequently in well - it water that is used in washing the dairy utensils. Cooling the milk immediately after tnit is drawrittrom the cow will retard g! the development of bacteria and the o more the temperature is lowered the more the bacterial growth will be retarded. Milk that is promptly re- duced in temperature to forty degrees Fahrenheit, arid held at that temper- ature until ready for use, will keep for a long time. When the milk is shipped to the city the trouble is invariably with the morning milk, which goes into the cans without be- ing properly cooled. In the fresh milk the bacteria soon exceed that ixt the older milk that has been prop- erly cooled. Cooling the milk does not kill any of the disease -producing bac- teria or the lactic acid n bacteria so' that it can not take the place of cleanliness in the production of milk. All of the bacteria present in cold milk will become active as soon as the temperature conditions became favor- able. Cleanliness is of first import- ance and cooling is next. Many instructive and entertaining articles have been written on the sub- ject of clean milk, and if all of this advice could be carried out, a prac- 1 teeny elealn produet could be made. ' But the success of such a plan in- volves expenses that - would work hardship upon many of the producers at the present time. This is not say: ing that good milk cannot be made at present pekes, but to show that the dairymen who have a few cows can make clean milk without having any very elaborate equipment. He can keep his milk clean by shriply giving attention to the few simple details of handling the milk and the small expense involved will require but a small outlay of time and money. Among the essentials of clean milk I would name a healthy cow, milked in a clean stable, by a clean milker and a clean eovered pail, and handled only by clean and healthy attendants in a clean dairy room and put into clean shipping cans and immediately cooled down to forty or fifty degrees and held at that temperature until ready to be shipped. By clean and sanitary milk I mean only such a degree of cleanliness as outlined in this article and which does not involve expenses that are entirely out of reach of the dairyman's means. Healthy cows and clea.nliness will give milk that is bacteria free. Cold will keep it in this condition. We can not get sanitary milk from cold, dixtrmilk, or from warm, clean milk. Both face tors are essential to success. Most of the dirt which. gets into milk falls into the pail during milk- ing. A large part of this dirt may be kept out by the use of a small top or partially covered pail. In producing clean milk it is not more knowledge that we need so much a it is the desire to do decently the hings we already know. It is easy or the scientist to tell us ho to k ep harmful bacteria out of milk, but in UT every day work we are d I r. pretty well if we succeed in keeping out something that is called by a different name. (2) Ensile entire crop wherever ossible, a.ncl this should include all aste from canning factories. (3) Shred or cut cornstalks before eeding, since this killmany borers and promotes 'consumption of the odder. (4) Uneaten corn &Ante, including orn abever in field, lot or barn or axts of sta.lke shoukt he completely lowed or burned before May 15th. nob, material should not be used for eddiag or thrown into manure, (5) Fall plowing, thoroughly done, sbecially early,kills malty borers. eavy rolling prior to plowing is sug- ested. (6) turn weed and grasses in cr eax infested corn. (7) Early planted corn is molt like - to become infested; consequently, tnowhat later planting usually re- denti , ,f1 srakesge box initial difficulty in getting the stand of alfalfa. ; Perhaps such suggestions may look like the cogitations qf 4 man too. lazy to work, hunting for some easy way; but if such men really find the easy way they are Miblic benefactors. If they fail they are called dreamers. We judge by the results. Fact is, to be honest, none of us care to do work for nothing. But to get back to the subject, we all start out Cm the spring, hoe in hand, or 'with' some more effective instrument, resolved to keep the land 'clean this year. But by the time the days get hot and the weeds ceine fast, they begin. to get the better of us, and soon the battle is lost again fer us - and won by the weeds. No one feels this difficulty more than the mail-order farmer, who is compelled by force of circumstances to e accept such results as he can get from others. But eVen for the man on the job it is no. easy trick. To any who are interested in getting results of this kind, the fol- lowing experience is recited: Last spring we decided to put in some sunflowers for silage on a plat that had quite a patch of olid quack - grass on it; and by such cultivation as could be obtained we tried to hold the quack back till' the stmiloveere got going, and it looked for a -while like 2 a losing game; but fightings one weed with a more vigorons and thrifty one is pretty good login and surely the reader will admit that the sunflower is a hustler. Well, pretty soon the sunflowers were reaehnig up higher than the quack could; and, unlike corn, the broad leaves •of the sunflowers left no spaces between ,S e snulight lit to get doedie to wedere. quaekewast and the eroundlings began to look rather pall but gill there. Then came the second part of the play. The sunflowers were then about ' six or eight feet high and fairly stocky. As a method of getting rid some of the quack without laying off from the haying, we turned the sheep into the field. They immediately be- gan turning the quack into mutton without chargn picking only the low- er leaves ef the 'sunflowers that would soon fall off anyway, and doing little other harm. This done, they were turned out. '-'Now the ground looks pretty clean, without any labor ex- pense to get it, and we hope the quack will not be so robust next spring. ___._..e.—__. Sand or gravel is better bedding than straw for shipping hogs. Straw heats. , The Autumn o' the Year. When the leaves' are turning red, •Red Ribbons for Better Families And the long het days are ever; When the silo's fun o' corn And the barn is full o' clover; VVIen potato digging's en And the husking time is nean— I kind o' like the rush o' thinge In the autumn o' the year. • Then we roll out in the interning Long before the rising sun, Ere the breaking of the day Have our early chores all done, The griddle cakes are halcing . And the cook is full cr cheer -- I kind o' like the mornings In the autumn o' the yeae. When the twilight shadows quicken And the evenings grow apace, And we form the family eircle In a kind o' homely grace, With papers, books and fancy -work The pa.ssing hours to cheer— I kind o' like the evenings In, the 'autumn o' the year. Now the silver threads appearing On the beads o' loving wives, Tells us that the years are passing And it's autumn. of our lives; That the time of our departure And our gathering in is near; Still we hail with growing pleasure The autumn o' the year. 1 Inspection of Fruit. Of late years great improvement leas taken place in the handling a classifying of fruit in Canada intend ed for shipment. Twenty-five year ago there was danger of our lash). our export trade, particulaady in ap pies, owing to icarelessness, first i sorting and next in packing. In 190 the Fruit Marks Act wets passed b the Dominion Parliament, its objec being the _elevation of the standar or the commercial output of frul The administration of the Act fell t the Fruit Branch of the Dominic) Department of Agriculture. Eight inspectors were appointed whoe work was confmed ahnost entirely to ports of export. Tesitimeny as to improvement was almost immediately forthcoming from brokers and in inter ket imports. For eleven ea. twely years the work was practically eon fined to the docks at Montreal, St John, and Halifax, and to the larg consuming centres like Toronto, Win dpeg, Regina Calgary* and Vane BY MARY T. WATTS- , Marked one husky hammer as he gathered up his family of Wife and five, ehildren for the hundrecitenile journey home, For these people eame frona all parts of the state and as one ; man said, "There was but one family from our town this year but you can get ready forfilly a dozen faznilies next year, Entrante were to be scored B and 0 or ,below. Forty of the Mai-. viduals examined scored B, fifty-six were in class A and a few did not quite finish the test. There were no C's mm the whole group. All' grade A families received bronze medals. All entrants complete ing their exammations were given health oertificates by the Kansas State Board of Health, officially certifying the grades attained. The family ,receivi.ng the highest grades for all its members was A new department was added lest year to the Fall Fair held at Topeka in the State of *mesas, which might well be copied in this province. It was tailed the Eugenic Department and was listed in the program (or fait! book) between the milk goats and the pouter pigeons. Amongst the prizes offered in this department was a handsome sneer trophy, the gift of Governor Allen, to the "fittest" ICerisas family. The. con- test was open to all healthy Kansans, and as the rules declared that the contest was "not a clinic," no person obviously ill was admitted, In this "Fittex Family" contest as it was .called, entre families were tested and scored according to a score card prepared for the contest by a group of experts. This scoring. included hereditary history, psycho- logical and mental tests, a tholsough awarded. the governor's handsom,e sil. ' physical examinee -ion,- ineluding sight, . ver loving -cup with an appropriate hoaxing and teeth, besides the special . . laboratory tests for adults • The examinations were made in a bending on the fair grounds. This building was divided into eight small rooms, opening from a centre hall, thus giving easy aelcess from one room to another and securing the de- sired privacy for the individual tak- ing the examination. . t The examining stair consisted of zed eight specialists, besides their assist- ants and clerks, making in - all a force s of eighteen people who ga.ve their g time and talent free, because of their - interest in the plan. n As the physiciarte examined each 1 person, they interpreted their find - y inge so that the examinations would t be as instructive as possible. Defects d were pointed out and constructive t. measures advised, so that the greatest o good possible to both the family and n the individual might result from the expenditure of time and effort. e A physician hi private practice would be entitled to a large fee for an examination of this kind, but in this case not even an entrance fee - was enquired. The money value of e the examination was a big inducement - to enter the oontest, but it was not , the oieltr one. Parents realized that e it was a wonderful opportunity to - obtain expert advice not only from couver. In 1913 additional inspecterea were appointed, and! a year hater the system ef inspection rm.& been extend- ed to all commercial fruit -growing districts. This year no fewer than sad" y inspectors have been woelcing among the grewers laid -packers, not only inspecting the fruit 'after pack- ing, but .alio givng -Inge-tic-tow , in the prepeitinethecie of picking, grad- ing, and shipping, thus - preventing loss in. marketing and protecting _the bonsumer. If fruit shipped is found not up to standard, thte packer is noti- fied and given a demonstration in grading. If the grade is not lowered by the packer, the inspector may ma.rk the package "below grade" or place the proper grade mark thereon: If a shipper requires it, he ie supplied with a copy of the official report re- ferring to hie fruit. Inspectoes are also authorized to Maned cams, thus insuring prompt settlement of die- putes ;between .shipper and consignee. Experienced traffic men are stationed at several points to give ,adviee on long distance shipments; complainte of improper loading or handling are investigated; improved methods of oar loading are demonstrated, and ad- vice given on distribution. The Welfare of the Home PLAY -UTILITY OF THE CARDBOARD BOX By Mrs. Richard IC. Thomas, Have you a card -board boic in the house? If you have two, all the bet- ter, a half-dozen, 'better still, for whether you are a mother with one child or a half-dozen, ranging from six months to twelve years old; you will never find yourself at a lose when the old toys pall, or the day is rainy. Of course the box mug have qua - /fleet -ions; and a few accessories are necestsaey, according to the ages of your children. The accessciries are so simple that any household may have them or the children may make them. As early as six to twelve Inentlis, babyq-lres of his rattle. Give him the lid of a clean whitetbox, or make two slits and tie his rattle to 41t. It will never cease to amuse him view. Do not forget the qualifications, 'clean and white. Then if he puts it in his mouth it will do him 710 ha7M. In his second year the child will enj oy a whole box or several bores, which he can take apart. Also give him a large lid, into which his toys may be piled and turned out again The child of two or three rears be- gins to want accessoriee. A string attached to a box makes it into a fine wagon or teach. No wheels are nec- essary. Pulling and carrying are fhe first activities stiggesting theinstelves to a child and a little girl. likes is few rovers with the boxes, such as clean cloths to make arted for dolly. With the new experiences of the fourth and fifth yeate whieh are going to be eeproclueed icontinually, the box gains additional value.' A half-dozen boxes joined With strings makes et trate, a few enools provide wheels stiqualliktivakr tAt, ignd otaek A letand a few small ones make a tea table and chairs. The painttecit engine and the real tea table may have lost their charm.' The box toy is your alter- native, At the pre-schooi age a pair of sciasors, at your suggestion, and a few paper fasteners, which you help adjust, awaken new possibilities. Boxes of less stiff and heavy card- board are more adaptable to the scis- sors. Wagons with wheels that turn, or tables andchairs with legs are a result. One big box itt which to Rut the furniture serves as the doll house. The suggestions that follow the idea of a "house for dolly" Will be amply forthcoming from the children them- selves. With another and another year, while hands grow better trained, pos- sibilities widen rapidly. All kinds of furniture (made without your assis- tance), rows of houses, stores, a whole <Immunity in fact, may be the out- come. Your big boys and girls can find endless amusement hallows or out, making their own accessories, and collecting the boxes themselves.. Further euggestione are inineces- ear'. y. T,heg are for the thildren them - elves to make. You will find they are able to make them much more rapidly than you can yotunelf. What I wish to impress upon you who are mothere or even you who know children whose play- materials are limited, is the value of weighing the "play -utility" of an, article before throwing. it away. Do not discard things Which hold possibilitiee for the trailing or entertainment of your child. And saee, at least, the oarela board leer. OM specialist but from several, and tie%y were not slow to take advantage o it. 'Twenty-five families, comprising 101 individuals, competed fee the gov- ernor's trophy. Of this number forty-. seven were parents, one a grand- mother, and fifty-three were children. ,Seven families Were turned away be- cause there was not ,sufficient time to take care 13f therm The time required for an adult to pass through the entire test wai about three hours, and -.although the un- avoidable "waits" prolonged the time needed for the examinations, there was no eomplaining. "I missed the ratrees this year," but I this health test is certainly worth more than a good Many races," re - inscription thereon. When all scores were he, it was found that- three families tied for the trophy. Two of these families consisted; of father, mother and one child under. two years, while the third family included three children in their teens. After -careful eonsidera- tion the judges awarded the trophy to the larger family, the Ford Robin- ette family, living on a farm neart Topeka. Mr. Robiaette comes of a family whose members enjoyed long lives. All four of his grandparents lived to nearly ninety years of age. His father was killed accidentally ab seventy-six and his -mother is enjoy. ing good health at eighty-six. Mrs: Robinette's family also show e a fine record of longevity. The immediate family of the Robinettes consists of two daughters, aged eighteen and fifteen, and a son just entering his teens. The Robinettes have never suffered serious illness and may be called out. door people. All three of the chil- dren have done well at school, the eldest daughter having wen' many school honors before entering college' where she is now a sophomore. There are many healthy families in. every community, but there are like- wise many that are decidedly belowl par. This "Fitter Family" conte.sd plan was originated by Dr. Florence' Brown Sherbcm, Chief Child Hyj giene of Emus, in connection with the writer, as a follow-up of the Baby Health contest, with the hope that all paxents would- be made to realize their responsibility for the he.alth of their offspring. The periodical health test is quite as essential for growing children and .adults as, it is for babies, and eugenic,' records are of valuable assistance in circuraventing bad heredity say our human stock experts. , There is splendid' scope for a sini- ilar department in the fall fairs held throughout Ontaeio. Here is an ex. cellent work to be done by public- spirited citizens who have the true welfare of Canada at heart. Butter Scoring Contests. This is the tided year of the Do - =MOIL Edneatonal_ Butter Scoring Con -beet conducted by the Dairy and Cold Storage Blench of the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Ottawa. Last year and the year before four cream- eries in each province contributed a fourteen pound sample each month from May to October inclusive for the t competteen. This year six creamer- ies in mai province are competing, a different creamery each month from May to October sending in a sample. The scores for the first three months, May, June and July, of this year show Manitoba -and Alberta leading with an average of 96.7 points, Quebec next with 96, Nova Scotia following with 94.5, Saskatchewan with 94.3, British Columbia -With 94.2, Ontario 93.7, New Brunswick- 93.6 and Prince Edward Island 98.3. Manitoba leads in flavor with the others according to score ex- cept that British Columbia is eighth and Ontario -ninth. The average per cent. of salt added at churning was 2.37 pounds, the average per cent. salt in the butter was 1.45. Testing shows that from 1 to tee. per cent. salt is about right for the export trade. In the opinion of the judges, the texture, incorporation of moisture, and salting, so far this season, are more uniform then in previous con- ests. The average per cent. of mere- ure in the butter, it should be stated, was 14.05. The color, however, varied from almost white to a deep June shade. But God has made no better things In all the stars that rise and set Than life that grows by cherishing And cannot falter or forget. Courage is helped by eneourage- ment. Help others by giving it. freely. "Whatever his trials, the farmer dime not know the horror of having no food in his cupboard."—Vivian. Saskatchewan Farm Revenue, 1920 The Province of Saskatchewan is the acreage and the yield are the n.oted for the vast quantities of grain it annually produces, and the figures for 1920, which have just been issued by the Provincial Department a Agriculture, not only corroborate this, but also reveal the fact that besides being a grain -grower it receives a creased phenomenally. In 1916 the to - largest since 1916. The value of creamery products, owing to an intensive ednoational campaign eonducted by gOvernment and othee offielels interested among the farmers of Saskatchewan, has in - large revenue from livestock activi- ties. The official figures give the total value. of agricultural' products and livestock as $549,997,969, of which sum the value of agricultural products is -$308,967,214, and live- sbock, $241,030,755. ' Of the agricultural productspro- duced in the province last year, wheat leads all other grains in velue, itt fact, as 11111th as all other products eombined, Slightly over ten million ELCITE1 were planted in wheat, front which 118,135,274 bushels were pro- dueed, valued at 175,859,674. This compares very favorably with the preceding year when the crop WEIS much sandier. Of 'the ether .graine grown, bate stand out predominately, 141,549,000 bushel% valued at $58,035,090, Wag grown on 5,106,822 Ser6S, Thieve figures indicate, to a large extent, the estimation in which this grain is tal value of dairyapredncts was 81,- 888,180, inctseasing to $2,221,403 in 1918 and to the reeord 'figure of 823,- 048,048 in 1920. n. Honses and erzulee, to the number of 948,280, were valued at $151,72'4,800, which is Mere than half the total value of livestock and more than the combined value of all other livestock. Cowe were eeccied in value with $85e 450,700, followed bY other cattle, $26e, 673,075; swine, $7,125,600; steer% $7,1 191,140; calveet $6,526,160; bulls, $4,a 130,100; and theep, 81,600,180. Last year there were ia °Penal throtighont the provinee a total . "8,600 grain elevatora, tangieg in size from. tlm gnat 85,000 bushel ,standa to the mammoth government ele tor, with a oapaeity of one hathele and intone. Those elevator, large prOpertion of Which 0/0 OWn and operated by faxenerta' °eta* tone, have a total Sbotatete e.apateit held by Seekatcheatent fanlike's, Beth of 110,000,000 buabehe Vartat Qom Racia Bourc am, thoug Gover Gaeli name 1VIaoG Iii sox Th able Freu it de Is Iri famil As tion far scum espec some ,some sona tons the ' .amh ton. "Mac does that Ing a r'es "Ma . ly A parr num But s.pee bbs E "S clan mor give the Li pert ems stro plum the the the met the dus rise ate ace 112, 980 exp Wel* lux Inv the gat reel 420 A ma sod mix lint eel sul the mo exe sm nit $50 anc 191 be son Ini COE