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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-09-15, Page 2As eotin as the bre ipreeason over the fowl that avenet intended to be retained for . /attire•beeeders etteetnen:ete'tne--- . should be dieposed Pf. The birds should be either put into a yerd or se:tercel* eemniunicatlens to hip ononnee 13 Adelaide et Ween Terontok eonfineel to pert of the yard, the rest di 'being limed, Plowed or spaded, and entet etnntnet Incli4seYussile:alrh top igc.r vopf ztelnidtealiVteajd H Lag g It is not eo mach the question of ' the "Me tin'e 14Ying on Producing mere perk to the are but 13°rk a 'in rather one of producing the most et Inos satialaciP"V' lnal161.with very little attention Sewn their boss, the lowest test. Hogging down the corn %Tears to be the answer to the; , Large Crops From Fell Plowing. Problem, espeoially if we considee the value to the other crops of the labor; There is difference 'of (Minion saved in handling the eorn harvest. among farmers M regard to fall plow - The advantages to be gained from mg. Some claim great advantages, hogg•ing down earn may be briefly while •others say that spring plowing summed up under three heads. Fiest gives the best results. Both elassee of all, and one that is of utmost im- may be right. In some cases there seeded to green erop such as rape er Tye, All litter should be removedfrom the house and the ceiling, walls and floor thoronghly sweet, Movable fix- tures should be taken out and the whole interior give t a theroUgh wash- ing, The hest way to do this is to use the hose if you have one, after the hose give the building a good flooding and scrub it down with a stiff brush. If there is no hose, be even more care- ful ebout the scrubbing % After the portenee at the present time, is that may be no decided difference in re- house has been thoroughly cleated, the practice is ideal from a lanes,- sults between fall er spring plowing. give it a soaking with a good strong saving ,standpoint, Every farmer is The differences are due mainly to disinfectant. One of the coal tar pre - aware of ' the amount of man andvariations in Soils anft seasonal con- paratioes will be found satisfactoey horse la.,ber that is required to cut, ditions. for this purpose, this .eheuld be ap- husk, haul and erib eore, and then feed Sells are claseified as sands, sandy plied with a epray pump SQ that it it out to the hogs in the pen. The loaens ;Gams, silt loams, clay loams, will be force& into all the cracks and expense of these eperations may be and ciays, as the case may be. As we crevices of the building. If there is largely saved and at the tans of the go down this Est the quantity of fine no spray pump, use a brush, but be year when there is usually a greet material or clay increases •and. the sure to get it into these cracks and rush of out-of-door work. !soils become heavier or more difficult crevices. Then there is the fertility problemto work with tillage implements. The house should be left standing that must be considered. In feeding' This heaviness or sticky nature of for a couple of days to dry out, leav- corn in the pen there is almost pegays soils, caused principally by the am- ing it wide open to allow the sun and a waste ef valuable fertilite any ount of elay present, is offset to a of the manure made is retain to the great extent by good drainage or IV sell it is ,aecomplished at quite an' gravel, seed or vegetable matter which ex_ ense and 'only after many hours oft they may contain, so that e well- lantrious and not altogether Pleasantndrained clay -loam soil, well supplied wain . When harvesting their own, with vegetable matter, Tnay not clod or corn the hogs are making manure and: bake to any great extent, and may depo.siting it direetly .upon the land. be quite easily pulverized by imple- They aeie also leaving 'cornstalks mental another clay -loam soil un - where they may be turned under with- drained and low in vegetable matter out first being hauled out to the field. may give serious trouble. The general health of any lam ani- It is not unusual to find a sandy - mat is always to be considered. In loam soil, low in vegetable matter, hogging down corn the animals re- ceive a great deal of exercise which keeps theta contented and vigorous. Instead of rooting around in sloppy pig yards as is often the -case, they are workin,g in clean fields which, air to enter freely. It shoald then be given a good application of whitewash.' The fixtures, nest boxettehroosts and dropping boards which have been re- moved shoulcl be treated in a similar manner. At the time of this annual .house cleaning it is a good plan ta rote what repairs to the houses, fixtures and fenees are eeeded and have them made as soon as possible. Also clean up and burn any accumulation of rubbish, leaving nothing under which. venin that will clod and bake considerably. may hide. A clean house free from Since puddling, baking and clodding lice and mites is easy to keel; clean. of a soil increases the difficulty of Then see that the pullets anerhealthy prepahing a good ,seedbed, and may! and free from lice, when ,they are put be harmful to crop growth, the ten -lin, and the problem of winter eggs is dency of a soil to puddle is a most' more than half 'solved. . as one may observe. is of 210 Salan important factor in determining the benefit to hem. best time for plowing. Diseases of Potatoes. Before turning the hogs into the The purpose of plowing must he corn field ...hey sl -;.,),,k; h fee some taken into aecount. The prineiple Late Blight ef the potato is one e corn in the dry lot. At first only a' l'enr-l-e derived from Plowin" re: 1.1 of the diseases the causes serious Ioss small am cunt, WI' u all y i nerea s'ne To bery vegetation and mailers eel to the grower. How serious the loss the supely until they are aceustemed that they will decay and be added to may be is told in a newly issued bul- to the feed Hogs should not be permitted to cover too large an area at one time or they will not do r, clean job of pastur- ing and hence a waste of good feed results. The number of hogs that an acre will carry depends largely upon the yield of the corn and the size and vigor of the hogs. A fifty -bushel erop of corn will carry ten one -hundred - pound pigs from eighteen to twenty „days. Three fall shotes and six spring ,pigs -may be counted upon to clean up an acre of fifty -bushel corn in fifteen to twenty -days, One ehould epprexinnate the amount cOrn that' will be hogged off and lay plans to keep them -on that area until they have cleared it up. letui prepared by Paul A. Mruphte the soil mass. 2. To pulverize the Plant Pathologist in Prince Edward soil in order to foem a desirable seedbed for the crop. To conserve Island in connection with the Dorein- water. 4. To kill in.sects. Light soils that blow, and soils on steep slopes that wash, lose fertility when fall plowed, because the fine soil particles are removed by blowing and washing. The uneven surface of fall -plowed land catches and absorbs water result- ing from Mill and snow, while the soil mulch. formed by plowing con- serves this water against evaporation, and more moisture will be mailable for the„speing eropi - An. experiment performed at the Michigan Einerimett Station showed that fall -plowed land contained more water available for an oat crop than A method conunonly used, M the spring -plowed land, and the yield of torn belt is to roll down a portion of oats was increased more than nine the field. The hogs seldom bother the bushels an acre by the fall plowing. tanding corn as they fli.xi the knocked Freezing and thawing of fall -plowed gown corn so much easier to procure. land helps to break down clods and tends to put soils in a better condi- tion of tilth for spring crops. One of the great advantages of fall plowing is that this work is out of the way ef the spring rush, thus giv- ing a better distribution ef labor. This is an important matter, especial - After the portion of the field that was rolled down has been cleared up an additional amount should be rolled and the hogs will find this new ready feedj . short time. Some practice the system of stretch- ing a temporary fence through the corn by weaving hog -wire in between the stalks. It is not necessary to ly should the following spring be late, make this fence very substantial as necessitating hasty spring plowing or the hogs seldom attempt to go beyond working the ground when it is to wet. it r.zi long as there is good corn left Fall plowing buries many weeds be - within the enclosure. Some 'believe it fore they mature seeds, which gives revisable to knock down .some corn better control of these pests and W; en using the fence system, e,spe- causes them to decay and be changed daily at first.when the idea is rather to plant food before seeding the land. than in the Maritime Provinces (*Imre new to the hogs, When that part of If done at the right time, fall plowing the losses have also been considerable the field that has been fenced off is rna.y destroy insects and worms by in some years), and the Curley Dwarf cleaned up the fence is alloyed over exposing them to the elements and with its relatives, which are found and the animals allowed to enter the the eyes of the birds that feed upon more frequently in southern districts on Ontario than in the more eastern ion Experimental Feelers. le prinee Edward Island the potato crop covets around mow acres, the yield from which is about 200, bushels, se aere and the total production 6,000,000 bushels. Were it not for late blight the yield per acre, according to the writer, would be 290 bushels qf sound potatoes, meaning 'nearly ,..e. third More. The extent of the lesfrat 475c kittLettegivn per bushel is $2,925,000. o ' ve eatJAhand ItTn.VWolie7nie ss. I atinrated reePectively at 0 per' cetut. and 25 per cent., which entails% sacra, - flee of something like $5,600,00Cte or . eight millions and a half foeethe three Marithn.e Provinces. Spraying with home-made Bordeaux Mature, cam- pesed of two. pounds copper sulphate or bluestone, two pounds quickliine and 40 gallons of water, is recom- mended as a remedy. Late Blight is not quite so serious in Ontario:and Quebec, but there are other diseases that are troublesome, such as Leaf Roll, which is more or less widespread in Canada, and the loss from which. in southern Ontario in one year is, esti- mated at two and a quarter million m dollars; Mosaic, the loss frowhich in a single year in New -Brunswick and Quebec is ealculated to have been 5 per cent. or 1,525,000 bushels, and in Ontario 2ee per cant. or 500,000 bush- els; Black Leg, from which the losses in Ontario are recorded as greater previecen The bulletin goes deeply into the resulte of the invettigations, deseribing symptoms, the soils pritit' cipally effected, and the methods that should be emPlered in ehoelting And suppressing potato diseases, Pruning Berry •Bushes. Respberry,'blacloberry, and dewberry plants are usually peened in the fell, as soon as the crop i$ harvested, but it can be done any time before cold 'weather. If the raspberries or .blackberries are in hills remove ail the canes that fruited 'apt season; aleo, all the weak canes, leaving frorh eight to twelve strong <lanes. If they ere growing in rows thin .out the canes to eight inch- es apart. The blaelebernIr es reqUe mere room than the raspberries; therefore leave fewer canes. Be sure to remove all canes that will interfere with cultivation next sarnmer, Lateral branches should be short- ened by cutting them back from one to fourefeet, depending upon the var- iety and the bud development, The idea is to reduce the amount of fruit to such a quantity as tan be properly developed. It is simply a thinning process. , 'Unbranehed red raspberry canes should be cut 'back to a height Of four or five feet. Remove all diseased canes and any in which tree crickets have deposited eggs; such canes will be weak. Burn all prunings to prevent the spread of insects and diseases and also to get the brush out of the way. . v....--...-....--44.-....-................. Quarantine of the Corn Borer. ... As a result of the scouting Work for the European corn borer carried on by the Dominion Department of Agri - !Culture, it has been found that this insect has spread into new territory this year. On account of the danger of carrying the pest into 'uninfested districts a Ministerial order was pass- ed on August 26, 1921, prohibiting the removal of corn, including sweet corn and seed corn on the cob, corn stalke, ete„ from the following townships in the Prevince of Ontario: Charlotteville, Houghton, Middleton, Townsend, Walsingham north, Weis - Ingham south, Windham, Woodhouse in the County of Norfolk, Cayuga north, Dunn, Rainham and Walpole in the County of Haldimared, and Raleigh and Romney in the County of Kent. The order is supplementary to the order -in -council which was paused oa ! May 1S,..1921. All persons desiring detailed information concerning this quarantine .should apply to the De- nartment of Agricultiu.e, Ottawa. The Advantages of Stacking Grain. Recently a test was. conducted on shoeltect-threshed and stacked grain which .hadegrrei in the sametfielel lir' the' same centlitione. The shock- ed grain was threshed as usual, while 'thestacked grain was allowed, to stand for six weeks. The -tests were then made en fifty bushels of each kind a grain. The shocked grain tested nearly fifteen per cent. moistere, weighed feity-five and a half pounds per bushel and graded number two on the mar- ket. The stacked grain had only a little mere than thirteen per cent, raoisture weighed fifty-nine pounds per bushel and graded number one. Seedmen and growers of pure-bred grain also are practically unanimous in their agreement upon the advisabil- ity of stacking. This is rather signifi- cant and their experience must be con- sidered valuable. In one county, sixty-eight culled hens kept five days laid just one egg. At least a fifth of Ontario's flocks are of that kind. Cull 'ern! new 'clean pasture. The fence system eateessitates a little more work but is thought by many to be the hest. Although the hogs are apparently glad of the opportunity to obtain their own food in their bevn particular man- ner it has been the experience of feed- ers that they should he provided with other things besides corn, which is high in carbohydrates, but does not meet the protein requirements of the hog. This protein element may easily be supplied and the hog allowed to ob- tain it as his appetite and body needs require. We are likely to -consider the hog as at animal devoid of all sense, however, he hat often- shown better judgnient concerning the choice ofthis food than some of the so-called higher animale. Some farmers pleated soy beans in their corn last spring and thus have . provided a very good protein supple - meet for the corn feed whieh may he ef eonsiderable value this fall in hog- ging off the cor., Alfalfa fields ad- joining the torn may be utilized to supply the protein, Probably one of the best systems is to pIa.ce self - Isadore in the corn fields and use tttnicage, shorts, or earl -lean Plenty of good fresh water should always El)e available. Troughs May be placed at tonvenient phices in the field and daily attended to. Ptovided with the corn, water, mid protofir ±ood, the hogs May be de- pended npo to balilliCO their on rae tion. They will work in the ee00, iay frequent visit to the Watering 4atengit teed eetationally deetn Otfer to 0 adat4e6cler for thoir protdt Untie Otte 'Me veloolltdot of the tires they them. In regard tst depth of fall plowing, care should be taken not to go too deeply into the subsoil at any one time and turn too much of this raw toil up toward the surface. It is safe to plow as deeply as the surface soil will permit, especially for beets, po- tatoes or corn. Lower freight rates help the cattle business some. Feeders, to, are cheaper this fall, and if broad, short headed steers are purchased, the buy- er should make out a lot better on the deal than he did a year ego, The Welfare of the Home Controlling Children—By Margaret Wright North. The adage that a man is not fit to command others until he can connnand himself is never more true than ei the training of children. A mother who has acquired self-control has more Iran half won the struggle of -control- ling her children. In the eouTse of a conversation the other day, a mother remarked, to me, "I don't see why Charles has to pick just the time when I am busiest to be the most exasperating.” What a pin - titre that gave me ef the mother! I could see her im the afternoon sit- ting quietly with her mending basket, answering Marks' interminable ques- tions with tact and patience, entering into Inc "pretends," and making the child feel that his mother was a real pal and playmate. Then I could tee het a little while later, bustling about the kitchen get- ting supper, Charles etill asking gees - Vets. After a few half-hearted ree Pave, mother tarns 01) %rein FRU an la -oat -lett, "Charles, if you deriit stop aelt-ing me questiots seta you to bed; you drive me wild," There is moment of silence and then another question., "What dict I tell you? lelow netextettetset4,atathtee vete,* -Xel&liiena heeitta, "Say, +thatlesi Go Tight `upstairs, take yolir clothes off and ge to bed." Neve *here Was the feta? WM Honey for Horne Trade, If the colonies are thoroughly overhauled in September,' and found to be strong with bees and heavy with winter stores, little if anything more needs to be done this month. Care must be taken to store all sur- plus extracting combs away from the ravages of rats and mice, and get things about the apiary and honey' house in shipshape for the winter.. By all means cultivate the home and nearby market, rather than to send to eonnnission men, and if one produces a really excellent grade of 'honey, either comb or extracted, a local trade at top-notch prices can he established, and all disputes, with far-awan coin - mission men will be a-voisled. Attractive illustrated folders oh the food value of honey, with some photo reproductions of the apiary and pro- eessal of extracting, will do much to establish a trade. Glass containers are the best for liquid honey, and for this purpose some beekeepers have found it both eonteniettit and econotni- ad tons° the ordinary Jan, which can aftetlearelbe nttilizedtlmhthe howler& at preserving time, Orlirtetabefo/ other purpOeas. Are you being robbed by a hal Charles being "most exasperating" or was it just that Mother was not in the mood and lost her patience? That another was expecting too much of her child. She wanted him to appreciate the strain that getting sup- per put upon her mind, body, and nerves. Since ceoking was outside his experience, he coent not put himself in her position. Even if she had quiet- ly told him that she could not play with him any mere, giving the reason, lie would not have been shIe to change his play without her help. He was so filled with one idea that a new sug- gestion was necessary. How easy it would have been, when the could not work with his ehatter going on, to have suggested that he go to the front window and count the number of white horses going by While she was getting supper; and' tell how anany windows he could see in the house across the street; ,or that he show her hoev nice a house he colild bun with his blocks. ' Beceuse the Mother expected the ehild to have the self-control which she lieTeelf lacked, displeasure and re- sentment replaced the . sympathetic friendliness of the efterimoon, and Charles was utijitstly -eniniehed. Let US remereber that ehildten are Very much like rivers, it is impossible to stop them, but eomparatively easy to change their course. Getting the Bees Reay for Winter BY 1-11-s1117Y SANDERS 1.4 . The time to prepare the bees for winter varies with the Mon .and the latitude. , The thee when the last flowers of fall are in bloom, whatever time that happees to be, is tho tite when the bees should receive the last attention, except enly that of aarry- iig into the cellar. Where they are Wintered outdoors, they will need no further attention. I The main thing to do at the time of this last round is to avoid starting the beet,' to robbing one another, No- thing will cause this more than leav- ring honey where the beas..can 2.et ao- loess to it, Two piles of supers were accidentally left .about in °lie of Our yards with some honey in them. By the time that the bees foetid their way to it the thousands of bees that came around resembled a swarm. lAfter the bees had cleaned out the honey in these supers they were so flushed with their ill-gotten gains that they started in tied cleaned out every spot .of honey from several weak col- onies near. We applied the usual remedies and heaped each entrance of the nearby hives with grass and then wetted it with water. This so discom- forts the passage of the bees that the robbing was at an end, but the great idea is to avoid leaving the honey about where the bees can get to it, for if they never get started to robbing, the chances are that they will give no trouble in this direction. When look- ing through the hives late in the fall, when the bees have not any natural sources of honey, be careful not to let them begin this plundering, and if a commotion is observed when a hive is opened let it be closed and an at- tempt litade later. Given a warmday, however, and a little honey from the last flowers of the season, the bees may now be pre- pared for the long months of winter. To get a crop of honey next year the bees must enter upon it strong in num- bers and with enough stores to carry them until the first flowers begin to yield them e further supply. So we must consider the population and the feed supply. To take the latter item first, we know that it needs about thirty pounds of stores to carry a col- ony of bees till spring. This may con- sist of honey, or of syrup made from two peens of granulated sugar and one part of water. There are always some loealities where the season pens to be very poor, and then it may be essential to buy sugar and to feed the bees. Where the stores are -eery scarce in this way, it is well to join the colonies up 'till only very strong ones are left, for the stronger the colony, 'generally speaking, the less food in proportion is -required. Where, there has been suffieient yield of honey, the Sees will not need feeding with, any substitute, bet care should be taken that enough honey is left. There is always that temptation to "rob" the bees too far, a foolish pro: cess that rezembIes killing the goose that lays the golden eggs. A eolony of bees that eats up the honey alloeved and then starves is a poor investment. Our practice is to take five well-filled combs and to place them in, the brood' nest, before we take any honey from the colony to go to the extracting house, and with the honey that will be stored at the last in the top corners of the actual brood combs, there 0 1., 71r,, should thetabe ample feed in the hive, Some beekeepers g9 by weight, but this is unreliable for the Weigbt of the combs varies to a great extent. In any mete the hive ought to weigh about fie emelt as an ti-VeTap man eAn com- fortably lift when the time ponies to put it into winter quartere, After the question of food is set- tled, the next matter is to be sure that there are plenty of bees, and ape - dialler young bees, in the eolony. It is impeesibleeto give any hard end fast rule, but (there ought to be at least enough bees to cover eevee or eight combs, and if they cover ten combs so roach the better, . As the weather grows colder the bees gradually draw together, so that the bees that cover ten 'combs on a mild day in Septentloer cover only five when freeeing weather sets in, so the test is not a very de- eisive one, but the beekeeper soon gets to know when there ere enough, when in doubt he will err on the side of having strong colonies. The colonies that are extra strong, with perhaps ,two or three hivebodies full of brood and bees, vvill be able to furnish as- sistance to the weaker ones, arid when- ever a frame of .brood and bees is given, it should be set at the extrema side of the hive and not in the centre; or the strange bees may perhaps kill the queen of the hive to, which they are being introduced. Where there are two weak colonies that are to be united, the ibest• way is to seek out queens, and then to put the two queens, and then to peesthe two hives hives together with only a single thiekness of newspaper between. By the time the bees have gnawed their way throughthe paper they will unite without fighting, and on a later day the surplus combs can be taten out and all the emnios placed together in one storey. As the days get chilly, it is iraporn ant to keep the bees as warm as pos- sible. The tops' of the combs should be eo-vered with a warm quilt, such i'Zs a piece of old carpet, pr a piece of table oilcloth covered. With a second quilt of any -warm cloth. Then the cover should he replaced and should not be removed if possible. The bees will then close every chink and crevice with their glue and so conserve their heat. The entrance ehould be elosed down to a small orifice. In the sum- mer aelarge entrance is good,, but as winter draws near it shodld, be very small, two inches by three-eighths o/ an inch being ample.. The latter width is recommended to keep out theenice, which will get into a hive with a large enough entrance and destroy the combs, honey and bees. It is a curious thing that bees, although well able to deferrl tlaemeelvese against .mast a their adverearies, seem to be powere less against miee. So a small flat entrance, too small for a mouse, is the remedy. We have never had mice nibble their way' into a hive, end when we have had losses from this cause it has always been on accouet ef too large at entrance. Proper temperatures and fresh air in winter are important mattere, but they are of no use unless the bees are thoroughly fit to start the winter right. Good strong colonies, plenty of food, and tight warm hives are the three secrets of getting ready fOr winter. [____HOUR11 „.____ v Once upon a time, longer than long ago Olivet Elephant had ears about as large as a muffin, net one bit hig- her. It was so inconvenient for him to hear 'cause when some little crea- ture went to speak to him tied have to get down on his knees and put his trunk to his ear to find out what they were saying; and as for his ap- pearance, well, it was just ridiculous. One day as he was looking eadly in a forest pool and wondering why his ears were so small for the rest of him, the little old man of the woods came by. And the little old map of the woods is a second uncle to a fairy, which makes him quite magic. "What's the matter, big Oliver Ele- phant?" asked the little man of the woods. Oliver put his trunk behind his ear and got down on his knees, for the little fellow was no bigger than a waffle. "Beg pardon?" said Oliver Ele- phant, politely. The old man ef the woods repeated hie question and Oliver Elephant asked him how it was his ears were so small, when all the rest of him was so big, "If they were target any nose or my trunk wouldant seem so long!" wailed Oliver Elephant. The little man of the woods shook Inc head wisely. "They didn't grow long enough; they must have been picked too sooh," he said slewly and at dowu on a tree stump to think, After a while he began to dance around Oliver Elephant in excited tireles. "I have it. I have it; we'll plant 'em again and then when they are big enough I'll pluek them and wish them lea& en you.' Oliver Elephant was a bit worried, but when the little, man of the woocle assured' him that he could wipe his ears off without thpelng hire he just lieened a big sigh an told, him to go ahead. SO the little mat tlid and the next thing that elephant persoh had he eats at all and the little man of the wOode had dug a hole and planted . THE CHILDREN'S those he had had. Poor Oliver Ele- phant ---he had enormous trials for a whole four weeks, 'cause he couldn't hear a single thing any one said. His enemies slipped up before he could see them and nipped pieces out of him, and his friends were ell mad at him because he wouldn't answer theix questions. How could he, I ask, edth- out a single ear? So filially he just weet camping by himself right where the little man o/ the woods had planted his ears. Evcsy day they grew larger and more shape- ly, and Oliver was tempted two or three timeCto pick them, but restrain- ed himself because, of coureeehe could not put them back, and a disconnected ear is like a disconnected telephone— no use. The little man of the woods had gone on a journey and just as Oliver Elephant was growing, very much frightened at the size his, ears were Teaching he came back. saicrthe little magic man oi the woods, "didn't I tell you they would grow? Are they all right?" Oliver could not heat a word he said, but he nodded hard, and the next thing he was eitting. down three yards of with a terrible headache. The man ef the woods had wishecl his ears back so quickly that the shock had upset OM - ver Elephant, but hayriek% how happg ' he was. He could hear even the grace - hoppers singitig in the grass, and, as for Nis looks, well you know yetteself how becoming they are. Yea, that's the way Oliver tame to have big eare. And you can tisk the little man of the woods, if you do not believe me. •Rich Vein of Copper Found in Shetlands. A rioli coppet vein has been diet covered in the Shetland lelands, ac- cording to reports received in London, Eng. The lode was ,said to We've been peeved to yield a high percentage of 61)1)4'. Exports wto are erecting a platt where the discovery waS oisde• said half a million tone of OTS, were le sight. A London syndicate has so glazed the rights to the Deepest -Ye