Zurich Herald, 1921-07-21, Page 2Addrese gommunications to Aorent7nalst, 73 Adelaide st. west, Teroete
The following rtles, are warthra
$ careful etudy by every person who
e owne or works herses. A good Plan i$
to tack the rules up in the teable
where they can be referred,' •te,fret
quently.
1. Load lightly, and drive slowly.
- 2, Stop in the shade a possible, .
3. A sponge on tap of the 'heed, Or
even a eloth, is good if kept welt If
dry it is worse than nothing. • '
4. Water your horse as often as
- possible. So long as a horse is werk-
ing, water in small quantities will not
hurt him. But let him drink Oesly
few swallows if he is going to ',stand
still
5. When he comes in after work,'
sponge Ziff the harness markes end
sweat, his eyes, his nose and eteuthe
and the deck. Wash his feet bet •;net
his legs, •
6. If the thermornenter is eeyentyd
five degrees or higher, wipe
lover vrith a damp sponge, using' yjne
Dt1
gar water if possible. Do riot 4ish
the horse at night.
7. Saturday night, give a
mash; Itikeivatme and add te -tablet
spoonful .of saltpetre.
•
8. Watch year Irdrse. If he stops
sweating suddenly, or if he .breathes
short and quick, or if his ears, droop,
or if he stands with his:_legs 'tittared
sideways, heis in danger of adheat
or sun sSroke and needstattentiendat
once •
dl
9. If the horse is overcome by heat,
get him into the shade, remoiser-
nem and bridle, wash out his.tinentle
sponge him an over, shower
and give him two ounces of amniotic
spirits of ammonia, or two ounces of
sweet spirits of nitre, art e: Stiltof
•! Ail growers who have not yet
i(h
iispteeetionrs,ewlvehisehoef rliev
lfurseeirshee; fl.eeof
Charge, are invited to comineeidste
with the Domieion Betanist. •
The Times a Day to Milk.
How many times a day a cow should,
be milked is a vexed question and
seemingly will ever remain so. Before
the spirit of inquiry ancl investiga-
tion became as rampant as it is to -day
a settlement waa thought to have been
reached at twice a day. Now it ap-
pears that some COWS can be milked
with success as to yield three and
even farm times daily. Nor does it ap-
pear -that the question of quantity
and quality can be definitely decided
by rule or rote. By Record of Per-
formance report No. 12 issuedby the
Live Stock Branch at Ottawa it would
appear that of 61 mature Ayrshires
28 were milked three times daily, a
certain. numbee of days, eleven of
them below 1003 eleven below 200 and
over 100, four over 200 and under 300
and two over NO. Of the four-year-
old Ayrshires one that was in milk
365 days was milked three times daily,
producing 12,608 lbs, of milk, 519 lba
of fat, a percentage of 4.11 of fat.
Another was milked three times a
day for 321 days out of 332 in milk,
rroducing 11,529 lbs. of milk, 434 lbs.
C fat, a percentage of 3.76. One
other was milked thrice daily for 252
dzys and three for a very limited
tranber of days out of a total of 24.
Of 31 three -year-olds only .five were
milked thrice daily and of these but
two over 100 days. Of 63 two -year-olds
and under three, three were milked
daily for less than a hundred days,
five over a hundred, and less than 200
and four o.ver 200. ,One only exceeded
300 and she was milked three times
a day for 346 days out of 365 in milk,
yielding 10,500 lbs. of milk, 428 lbs.
of fat, a percentage of 4.05. 6f 71
mature Holsteins, eleven were milked
three times daily, for under 100 days,
15 for 100 or over up to 200, ten foe
over 200 to 300, three for over 300 up
to 365 and eight for every day they
were in milk., which in the rnajority
of the cases was for every day in the
year. One was milked f our times a
- day for 313 out of 325, nother for
266 days out of 365, a third for 129
days out of 350, a fourth for 257 days
out of 365, a fifth for 298 days three
times and 67 four times out of the
365 a sixtleefour. times daily for 145
„oirt of 332 and two four times daily
.:!or ,evesestday.Seetre year, one having
of d 1,024f fat, a
• d the other 33,-
ke$S.
e ,0 2,94.01114-Year-
:Of-dat, a
d • one was milked four
times -a daY—forevery day in the year,
producing 19,935 lbs. of nnlk, 747 lbs.
of fat, a percentage of 3.74, another
four times 191 days and three times
for 40 days, another four tines for
114 -days and three times for 233 days,
a third four times for 51 days and
three times for 204, and a fifth four
times for 163 days out of 346. Fifteen
were milked. for a certain number of
days three thnes. One three-year-old
Holstein was milked four times daily
for the whole year, producing 18,371
lbs. of milk, 658 lbs. of fat, a percent-
age of 3.57, another four times daily
for 32 days and three tinies for 333
days, a third four times daily for 74
days and three times for 149 days out
of a total of 223 in milk, a fourth
four times for 26 days and three times
for 106 days, a fifth four times a••• day
for 40 days and three times, daily for
108 days, a sixth four times a day for
830 days and thrice daily for 23 days
ent of 360 in milk. Nineteen others
-"-ere-ere milked three times a day for a
number of days and two thrice daily
for the whole year, one producing 16,-
215 lbs. of milk, 624 lbsof fat, a per-
centage of 3.84, and tlatitother 18,262
lbs. of milk, 588 lbs. of fat, a percent-
age of 3.22. One 'two -Year-old was
milked four times a day every day
in the year, producing 21,795 lbs. of
milk, 842 lits. of fat, a percentage of
3.86, another yeas milked four times
daily for 103 days and three times for
252 days out of a total of 255 days, a
third was milked four times for 72
-clays and three times for 274 days out
of 346, a fourth and a fifth were each'
milked four times daily every 'day,
making three two -year-olds so
l
handled. One of the latter produced
12,168 lbs. of milk, 539 lbs. of fat, an
average of 4.43, and the other 11,266
lbs. of milk, 448 lbs. of fat, a per-
centage of 3.98. One two-year-old
that was minted three times daily for
every day in the year produced 15,707
lbs. of milk and 536 lbs. of fat, a per-
centage •of 8.04. Thirty-seven others
of the 70 two-year-old Holsteins en-
tered were milked three times daily
for Yorkist perk& up to 850 days.
Thus, it would appear that the nura-
ber of daily paintings must depend
Mainly upon custom, type, condition
and judgmend.
Green Manure for Orchards.
The tvto principal functions el green
Manuring are the ase of cover claps
in the orchard and asi a blanket for
the land during winter. The plants
best Suited for this purpose are un-
questioningly the legume drops.
Per fruit trees of all kinds the Moat
important fertilizing element is nitro-
gen. Through tletr nodule forming
bacteria the leguminous plants draw
Into the ground and make quickly
available for the trees, large omit!.
titri tho fret ilitrogatt of the air.'
And not o:Cly do tht legnshes in.
eSeaee the amount el nitrogen in the
<
Isoil; they are as good humus former
as can be planted. -It should also b
noted that practically all legumes are
deep-rooted plants and hence bring up
mineral food from the sub -son. While
the soy -bean, the field bean, the field
pea, the crimson clover, and the lti
pines, all give good results in the
orchard, the best of an legumes for
this purpose is the red clover.
The value of green manure haslong
been recognized by Canadian fruit
growers. Neverthelets, there is quite
generally throughout Canada a dearth
of cover crops. Fortunately there is
at hand an immediate and economical
remedy for this situation.
Withinseoent years there have been
countless experiments by various ex-
periment stations and practical feint
growers as to the 'best method of in-
creasing the growth of legumes. Al-
most without exception these experi-
ments have demonstrated that the best
legume food known to rnan is agricul-
tural gypsurn. Indeed, its t tic
,
use has time and again increased leg.
ureinous growth as much as five
hundred per cent, and even more.
Soils in which leguines are grown
are ne-arly always deficient in sulphur.
Legumes, of course, must have 'sul-
phur, tremendous quantities of it.
Unless they get it in easily available
form they simply starve to death.
Agricultural gypsum, which is an
untreated, ground, natural rock fertil-
izer, furnishes sulphur in an immedi-
ately available and neutral form—in
exactly the form that sulphur is sup-
plied to nature.
Seed Certification of Potatoes.
The measure of success attainable
in the growing of seed potatoes de-
pends not only upon the practice of
best cultural methods, although this is
a most important consideration, but
also upon the amount of attention paid
to the several diseases to which po-
tatoes, both plants and tubers, are
subject.
To assist in this later phase of the
work, a number of inspectors special-
ly trained in the identification of po-
tato diseases and in the application of
control measures recommended, are
again visiting the fields of all growers
who have made application for such
assistance this season.The accom-
plishment of several, purposes de, the
objeA of thisassistanceb•Onfl,ren-
dated,Ilief ninoV.g.swhitknSaY be saeo-
tiOneciS (1) the groWeris definitely ad-
vised by the inspector with regard to
the condition of his crop and of the
nature of any disease found to be
present; (2) the grower is 'assisted
in the eradicatien of 'all diseased, weak
or otherwise undesirable plants from
his fields, if he so desires; (3) grow-
ers of crops which, after critical ex-
aminations have been made of the
plants during the growing season and
of the tubers after harvest, are found
to measure up to the standards set
for No. 1 seed potatoes are put in
touch with prospective purchasers;
(4) direct information is obtained
with regard to conditions prevailing
in the potato fields throughout the
country year by year; (5) records,
which are available for the informa-
tion of any one interested, are main-
tained of the history and behavior of
all seed inspected.
In furtherance of this work, and in
the event of the grower, whose 'crops'
have been found up to the standard,
desiring to sell his stock or certified
seed, a final examination is made by
an -inspector at the point of shipping,
upon application by the grower. Pro-
vided the stock has been graded so
that a shipment of potatoes for seed
purposes contains no tubers under two
ounces or above twelve ounces in
weight, a sufficient number of tags to
cover the number of bags or other
containers necessary for the shipping
of the amount of potatoes inspected
is issued by the inspector and placed
by him upon the shipment. These tags
certify that the contents of the bags
or other containers to which they are
attached have been grown by the per-
son whose name appears on the tags;
that they have been inspected by an
officer of the Department of Agricul-
ture and found to be sufficiently vig-
orous and free from serious diseases,
other pests and foreign varieties, to
warrant them being classed as No. 1
(or No. 2) grade seed potatoes.
, An enhanced price to the grower
over that paid foe ordinary stock, sat-
isfaction to the purchaser, the general
distribution of a high grade of seed
potatoes throughout many parts of
the country, and the acquirement of
a eonsiderable seed trade with the
United States, have been the results
toted during the several years the
work described has beee in progress.
By any one desirous of growing
seed potatoes with a view to certifica-
tion, the following points should be
particularly borne in mind; (1) plant
only clean seed (partiealarly certified
seed); (2) do not Mix the varieties;
(3) Ina/dice seed treatment; (4) keep
the Colorado beetle and other insects
under control; (6) use Bordeaux IniX-
ttire. Strict Attention to these points
will provide reesotable assurance that
the resettiting 'crops will figure well in
the inspeetioll and certification re-
cord, and, other conditions being
equal, the grotver who entees sud
crops in nany of the fiedcl 'MI) compe-
titions Will secure a high percentage
of points et the band, of the je.,cigel.
water; or give lira a pint 'of rem
warm. Cool his head at tace,etusing
cold water, or, if necessary, chs
toe, wrapped in a cloth. I ,
10. Ifthe horse is off •his" feed
him with two quarts of pate
with bran, and a little water; and dd
a little salt or •sugar;Or giv,e rn
oatmeal gruel or 'barley watts tto
drink. ,
11. Clean your horse at nigh so
that he can rest well, and deers kttri
thoroughly. The salt d,ansieuff td
on his skin makes him uncomfott le,
and often produces sores underethe.
harness.
12. Do not fail to 'wale
night after •tie• hes 4:eaten., Ids -
you, don't heetill'bo: thirty
,13.',1140,,WitsiT thatt the ,horse
sweats in the stable at iti*t,Itesitim
outside, with bedding underthien. Un-
less he cools off :daring the!4night, he
cannot well stand the next day's heat,
'bcperimental and Research
Work in Grain and
Field Crops.
Experimental and reeearch work
promoted by, and under the guidance
of, the Dominien Department of Agris
culture, has made greet strides in
Canada during recent years. It is
estimated, for instance, that the <US..
• covery of IVIerquis wheat by the Cereal
Division of the Experlinentai Fawns
braneh has ,ermiched the wheat grow-
ers of the three Prairie Provinces. by
$20,000,000 annually, and that the in-
troduction of Preston, Stanley and
Huron wheats into the ether provinces
has brought about a gain of at least
half a million dollars yearly. But
wheat is not the only grain that has
profited immensely through the work
carried on at the Experimental Forms.
By the introduction of Daubeney,
Vic-
tory, and in pakticular Banner oats,
a gain has been made of over $9,000,-
000 annually, while other new grains,
such as barley, flax and peps, have
Proven responsible for an increase in
value of $3,000,000 annually. All of
these must and will develop in still
greater profit to the country'. Experi-
ments in plant breeding work with
garden and field crops have led to the
diseovery of many new varieties, such
as the Melba apple, Early Malcolm
corn, Alacrity tomato, etc. Hardy
varieties of tree fruits have been
proven of good growth in the Prairie
Provinces, while some valuable dis-
coveries have been made in forage
crops, notably a perennial red clover.
Immensely valuable research work has
been done by the Division of Chem-
istry, and by the Division of Botany,
and by the Health a Aramis, Ento-
mological and Seed Branches. Can-
ada has been shown to be the health-
iest of all countries in live stock, a
fact which must he attributed in large
measure to the excellent system of
supervision and control adopted and
followed by the Health of Animals
Blanch. Byeits precautionary meas -
ire and other activities it is cen-
ts/v.1y calculated the Division of
etanY*has saved the country $32,-
6000 annually, largely by its cru -
e against smut and its centre' of
- %light and rot of potatoes and
other diseases to Which plant life is
subject. Research work in its labor-
atories by the Seed Branch has result-
ed in_approxIneately 100,000 tons of
screenings being made of maximum
value to the live steels feeder and this
is but one of the profitable results
that have been achieved,. Turning to
the EntemologSedIsberaiele when it is
.statect that to fieltterope alone a justi-
fiable estimate isAliat the depreciations
def•inseete eetteeielt-toss each year of
f1,25;0001000 Sante idea of the 'coleMal
work inrolvecb 'n1e formed. In field
husbandry, by greater use of crop
rotatjons and ,the ascertaining of the
most profitable rotations for each dis-
trict, it is estimated that Ontario is
benefitted annually to the extent of
$32,000,000, while by sununer fallow-
ing, a •system urgently encouraged by
the 'Experimental Farms branch, the
Prairie Provinces are thought to gain
$90,000,000 annually. These few facts
will illustrate the advance that is be-
ing made in.,the development of Can-
adian agriculture.
Experiments by the Ereneh Array
Veterinary Service show that dried
seaweed makes an excellent substitute
for oats in a horses menu.
If sheep raiiees only realized the
benefits and satiefectiord filen dipding
their sheep, no compuleory Lew would
be required to make them e,nthusiastie
and persistent in the practice of dip-
ping. •
• Good pasture cannot be expected.
after two or three years of hay, for
by,that time the clovers are all killed
out and even the hardy grasses are
becoming thin, hence ,a light growth
of grass is all that can be looked for.
•
The Children's Hour
The world has little use for the hey
or girl whodoes not, in his hearti of
hearts, want to win out in the things
that count for most. A shoe string is
a pretty poor sort a thing to depend
upon, but it is a steel cable compared
to a young man or -woman who has to
big dream of su,ccess in some line :or
other.
Ask a hundred men of the present
day what, in their opinion, is the
greatest need of the tants, and nine'Ser-
nine of them will tell you, "We need
men—good men and wornen, women
that ean and wit11 do everything • they
un,dertake, right," The oneehttndeedth
man :no doubt would say, "We need
men with lots of money, Men :of
means can do everything." 'With these
men, "money makes the maee ge."
But while the mare is going, the
money is usually going, too, and pre
fast; for the man who depends solely
on his money to win him success vtill
not win any success that is worth
winning. '
• What,then, is success that is suc-
cess? Shall we leave the money entire-
ly out of the question? Is it not -a
help it life? It surely is. The Than
who would say otherwise would not
be speaking the truth. We •need
,rtioney. Primarily, our efforts in
this World are directed toward the
acquirement of money or something
that can be ixinned into money. As
the social world gees, money is a pow-
er. But it is not the • highest good ir
lite. Rack of the money trust be the
determination to use what we get
wisely and for the best good of our-
selves, of those wile are dear to us
arid of mankind.
Now, it is suceess to become a good
farmer. A boy told me the other day
that many thought he wet a fool for
quitting sehool and going to work en
a farm. "But," he added, "/ am learn-
ing every da X 'will get to be as
good an all-round fatanee right heee
the farm, so that I know as much
about how to do faint work as X Would
if / went to school, 1 can't go to an
agnicultural school now, hut I can
laarn aa X
Prai4t wa,sa 'fine dediatation of pries
ciples and it will, if put into practice,
bring success as a farmer.
. leis su,ecess to be an ieterested, up-
to-date member of a good cattle club,
or a sheep club or a poultry club or
any kind of a dub that is working for
-the betterment of any of the farm
creatures. A boy or girl m,ay put the
very best there is in him or her into
his work in any of these lines. All
that is done to develop the finer qual-
ities of the cows or the hogs or the
sheep has a tremendous value in work-
ing out for the young person thus en-
gaged a character worth more than an
the money that could be staked up
under the blue dome of 'heaven. Char-
aeter eounts, for character teaches the
right use of the material things we
gain.
So this is the chief thought. Re-
member it, if everything else is for-
gotten. Success is manhood and wo-
manhood—genttine manhood, gertuine
wolnanhood. All the rest we get out
of the farm, or anyvihere else, is con-
tributory to success or detrimental to
ecoording as we put it into service
in the building of real manhood.
Now, there are a few stepping
stones to success such as we have
been talking about, In the first place
the right kind of thinking. You neve;
can think low and reach up high.
And then, good books and •papers
have their influence—and it is a
mighty influence, too—in working out
true success. The book or the paper
that /hakes one think things and do
them is a big boost ap the hill of con-
quest. Show me the booksand thee
paperi'a boy or a girl reads and I will
Soreettet his futm:e for him.
Best of .all, keep your heart true and
honest tweed: Father and Mother.
Love them Think with thein hi all
right ways. Be to them a support and
a totter of strength. They are worthy
of it and you' eannot aiTord to leave
any Spot ot Diem unguarded iri your
love for them and the old henna. Love
honte, love those in it, tovo the 61.11-
mo/14,6y, lottfa the nation. Defend tnern
all with might and main! Do this and
you ate bound to succeed!
The Home Life of Birds
BY ELSA G. ALLEN
Any one who welshes a Pan: ef
birds at their nest can scarcely fail
' toiboeveir caro th
iv given with
ho tthee y
tlereelver
and
dte,
Itt-
deed, both poet and se en s , a
the moat, disinterested' observers,
agree that in the nesting season 11103t
birds furnish a beautiful example of
devotion to the offspring and fidehty
to each other,
' There are many popular beliefs,
however, which exaggerate the affee-
ten of a bird for its mate. For ex-
ample, that the wild goose, having
lost its mate, will never mate again;
' and that the eagle, once deprived of
its first love, will never choose an-
, other, While it is undoubtedly true
that the same individuals often nest
together year after year, it is prob-
ably thew attachment for the nesting
!site, rather than any hove for each
, other, which causes them to remate;
' for it is merely the homing instinct
which impels them to seek the same
place at the same time each year. It
sometimes happens, of course that
one of the pair has been killed and
does not return to the old home. The
other one may then haunt the nesting
area in seeming grief, and if unable
to find another mate that season, such
sentimental stories may aa.sily arise.
Only very few birds are believed to
mate for life and remain mated
throughout the year. The parrots are
a familiar example of this true mono-
gamy among birds, and in their na-
tive lands whole flocks can be seen
flying about in pairs at all seasons.
Even when hunted each bird clings to
its niatie, so that the birds flock to
their fallen comrades.
But whether birds mate for life or
for a single sea -Son, their home life
will always interest us and merit our
study, for it is the highest type of
domestic relationshiP found among
animals. As with all animals, the fe-
male usually takes the. home cares
more seriously; but with a great many
species of birds, the male works with
the female from the time the fleet
is started until the young are fully
fledged.
The xaales usually arrive first on
the nesting grounds, and make ready
for the females by driving away rival
males froin the areas which they have
selected for their own. The females
seem to decide on the actual nesting
site, however, and when this greet
matter is -settled, both 'birds, in many
cases, set about building. Some do it
leisurely, as - if they found pleasure
in prolongingthe task. Phoebes, for
Metiers* cense back early, in spring,
and althagh 'they do not begin to in-
cubate until the beginning of May,
they are busy every warm, sunny day
carrying material with which to reno-
vate the old nest under the eaves of
some. rocky 'ledge. Other birds allow
only a couple of days for building, and
then work indefatigably until the
home is complete.
It must not be inferred, however,
that all birds lead the touching home
life that we see among most of the,
common song -birds. Some, especially
game birds, are normally polygamous,
and, after mating, the males desert
the females without even assisting
with the nest. One of the most cur-
ious forms of home life among birds
is that of the phalaropes, a small
group of shore -bird's. With „them the
whole order of domestic affairs is re-
versed, and the female enjoys the free-
dom Which is usually amorded the
male. Her One duty is to lay the
eggs, and this accomplished she flocks
with the other females of her kind,
leaving the male to incubate the eggs
and care for the young. The farniliar
American cowbird and the European
cuckoo are the most aberrant of ail
birds in their nesting habits, for they
build no nests, but lay their eggs in
the nests of ether species and never
see their offspring.
But the great majority of birds are
monogamous; that is, they have only
one mate each season, and it is their
home life which offers unlimited op-
portunity for individual observation
to boys and girls who love dee out --
doors. There is a great deal to be
learindel about the home life or hirds,
especially the care of the young. Most
of us, at aortae tnue'have attseeptect to
raise an unfortunate little neelling
deprived of its parents, and have
',melted how difficult it is, foe,unlike
mammals, no bird can be raised on
milk.* Indeed the amount of food and
the great variety ...needed by birds to
maintain growth is 4 surprise to mast
persons. When we el:insider that it
requires only from one to two weeks
for a young bird to transform from
a naked, squirming bit of life to a
fluffy little fledgeling, we must realize
that they need an almost pheeoneenal
amount of food, and we can appreciate
that the parents? life is a constant
search for food from earliest ray of
light until dusk.
It has been found that a young ,
robin renuires its full weight of earth-
worms daily in order to grow, and all
young birds require from one -halt to
their full weight of food daily. This
makes it necessary foe the old birds to
feed the young probably hundreds of
times a day. A pair of grosbeaks
were seen to feed their yeeng 426
times in one day, and a single house -
wren whose mate had been killed was
seen to feed her young '1,217 times
in fifteen hours and forty-five minutes.
Young birds may be said to fall
into two classes, precede' and altri-
cial. Precocial young, for example,
these of grouse, plovers and sandpits -
ere, follow the parents about in a few
hours after hatching; but altricial
young of such birds as the thrushes
and sparrows remain in the nest for
several days and must be fed every
few Minutes. It seems to us, perhaps,
that young birds are always hungry,
but if we should watch a family o/
nestlings obesely, we would see that
the parent bird feeds each one until
it is satisfied. The food must be
placed far down in the threat of the
young bird so that the motion ol
swallowing will be made reflexly, and
the mother bird continues to etuff the
food down until the nmscles refuse to
net. If a youngster fails to swallow
the last inorsel, she these with house.
wifely economy, takes it back and
gives it to the next one.
Most birds feed their young largely
on insects, caterpillars, plantelice,
sect eggs, etc., end thus render- a
trensendous service to agriculture, for
'countless mil tons of harmful peeta
are gathered each year. The warbler's,
vhowens,• orioleseind theushes, ho -
long he insect -destroying army.
Other) ixds, like the goldfinches and
mourning -doves, feed their young
largely on the seeds 92 weeds, and
thus -do they also help the farmer,
Thesseed-eating birds are fed by
regurgitation, and this is true also of
the flickers and hummingbirds.
But the care of the young does not
consist -only in providing food. Ale
most as much as they need food, de
they need to be kept warm and shell-
tered from storms. Accordingly, the
mother bird frequently broads ifhem,
ruffling out her feathers so that the
young come in ,contact with her warm
body. Most birds also keep their nests
scrupulously clean and carry away the
excrement after every feeding. This
is, in most cases, enclosed in a mucous
sac so that it ean, be easily removed,
and the birds are careful to take it to
a eensiderable distance from the nest
in order net to draw the attention
enemies to the young.
During the brief time that most of
our birds are in the nest, they are
certainly lavished with the most as-
siduous care and faithful protection,
There is no limit to the devotion of the
mother bird to her nestlings in the,
presence ef danger, for no matter hew
powerful the intruder, she knows no
feat*, and many species, especially the.
tiny humming -birds, attack with a
ferocity which one would think could
belong only to hawks and owls. But
when once out of the nest, young
birds are soon taught to shift for
themselves and are then forgotten.
Spraying and Dusting.
Whether dusting gives as good te-
sults in pest control as liquid spraying
is a question that will stand discus-
sion. A leading authority gives the
advantages of dusting from an econ-
omical viewpoint as greater speed in
application; more suitable for the tim-
ing of applications; less waste of time,
the operation being possible in poorer
weather conditions ,than spraying;
lighter weight of apparatus, which is
consequently more portable; less liable
to trouble and breakdowns, owing to
greater simplicity. The doubtful fac-
tors in dusting are, as to its efficiency
in controlling fungous disease, hiting
!meets and stroking insects and as to
relative cost where the objects isimed
at are taken into consideration. The
authority here referred to quotes the
results of experhnehts that point,* to
the conelusion that dusting is equal
to spraying it the control of ttingOrtla
diseases and biting insects but is in-
ferior to liquid spraying in the control
of sucking insects such as Psylla and
the green apple hug.
—et
Sugar Keeps 84.:Proieaux.
That gvanidated ,stagar vflt keep
Bordeaux spray mbcture ,,frola de-
teriorating is the discovery of the
Oregon Agriettihttal Expedite/it Ste.
Mon. It le well ktiown by orchardiste
that Bordeaux beeein,es almost worth-
less unless used shortlyafter being
Mixeid, This trouble can he overcome
by adding one-eighth ounce of gdant
ulated sugar 'dissolsied in water foe,
each pound of copper sulphate (blue
vitriol or bluestone) used. When sugar
is used in the proportion mentioned
the spray mixture will not spoil on
account Of a breakdown or delay on
account of rain.
For i two.hundred-gallon tank of.
6-6.50 Bordeaux,which will require
twenty-four pen& of bluestone, dis-
solve three ounces (item ,heaping
teaspoone) of sugar in a littledtater
and add slowly to the tank of spray,
agitating until thoroughly mixed.
Too much sugar roustnot be wed. For
smell amounts of spray, dissolve one
well-rounded, but not heaping, tea-
spoon of sugar in one quart of water,
then use at the rate- of one-half pint
of this setution for each pound of
bluestone going Into the amount of,
13ord'eatac required.
..........._4,--_,..
Give us, 0 give ties the nian who
sings at hie work! Ile will do nior
:
in the saine throe he vtill do it better
he will persevere longer, Worici.V0
is the strength Of cheerfulness, alto'
gether past ealculation its powers o
endure/ice. Efforts, to be peeinanentS
ly us,eful, must be uniformly joyous I
'‘,
a spirit all sunshine, grateful troini
vety gladness, beautiful becausl
bright»
IrileTe'S Inotej in the dttiry bughieset)
but, bow .est Yhu SVC:it ttany knove
until you keep. book4(7,