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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-06-30, Page 2' Address communications to Aare/lomat. 72 Adelaide St. West, ironta How I Remodeled My Old Poeltry are of the roll type. They are eel- . Housedom used except during the two or egnen 1 1,,.8.1.d my tam in south_ three severe storms that come from ern. Optario i eontained only one the 90Uth every winter. Very heavy poultry houee of the semi -monitor storms from other directions do not type. It was built of matched lumber cause the snow to blow into the house on a stone foundation, and had an and ereosecluentlY the eurbalns do not open fame. have to be lowered. . We could find no serious fault with I find that there are mariY Poultry interior was not modern. It was not ' because a faulty equipment. The give good service the outside of the house. But the houses which do not arranged for the satisfactory mane actual needs are so small in that res - agement of poultry. The roosts were nailed to the walls of the house. This furnished an ideal breeding place for mites, and when the roosts were pried out we found plenty of them. They hung in clusters beneath the roosts. We painted the old roosting poles with kerosene, then added the roosts to the kindling -wood pile, to make de- struction doubly eine. The house contained no dropping boards, which made the condition of the floor bad, and reduced the scratch- ing area. So we built a dropping improved Seed. The Dominion Department of Agrie eultute, throoglo the Seed works in active co-operation :with the provinces in the matter of improving grain and field seeds. Money es pro- vided to pay prizes in. sbanding field ' erop competitioaa sed far ande provincial seeds exhibitions, aud in combined seed erop and cleaned seed I competitione. The last denied is a recent introductien. It has two dise: tiled phases, the first. consisting of al standing field erop .eampetition and' the second of threshed and ' eeed in which, the Peed' prodaeed:from the fields of the first phase is 41,14ged in the granary of the :competitor. The 'm ' competitions 'must have at leapt fif- ' teen entries hi oath, and the fourala- ' don seed need must be of •approved origin. The minimum quantities of peet that it pays to build the necese cleaned seed that competitors must be sary portable equipment. Then reap prepared to soonat to gooey , foe the steady reward for your work, which is bound to come if you have a laying strain of hers and feed them properly. Tip Burn of Potatoes. A trouble which is widely distri- buted and very prevalent in some sea- sons, and to which the name "Tip Burn" has been. given, is to be found. among our potato crop,s. This trouble takes the form of a gradual burning platform of smooth lumber along the and drying -up of the leaves of the back wall of the house, Roosts were plants, often commencing at a com- made by planing the upper edges of pareatively early stage in their two -by -three pieces untilthey were rounded and smooth. These roosts wore then nailed in sections of three rousts each, and eaoh section was hinged to the back wall of the house. A hook placed in the middle of each section permitted the roosts to be raised easily, and hooked to the ceil- ing when the dropping boards were cleaned. It also made it easier to paint or spray the roosts on the under side, where red mites are not likely to appear. The nests were boaes tightly nailed to the wall. Now, I have found by experienoe that nests must be loose, so they can be taken outside the house for emptying, followed by sun- ning and spraying. Nests that are tightly fastened to the wall form breeding places for mites and lice. I find also that open fleets may lead to the egg -eating habit. In winter the birds may scratch in the litter of the nests after eggs have been laid. Eggs kicked against the side of the nest are apt to be broken and then eaten. Open nests also become un- clean from the hens roosting upon them it night, or sitting on the edge during the day. In remodeling my house I built the nests in portable sections. If the top of a section slopes sufficiently, the birds will not roost upon it. If the top does not have enough slope it pays to stretch aaki,stripieof poultry wire above- the nests in such a manner that the hena cannot roost there. Poultry nests must be so built that the eggs will be clean. An egg that is washed loses the film provided_ by however, to be disputed by the fact nature to help keep it fresh. Dirty that the trouble is not found in the eggs look very bad, and the producer hot regions of the Western States with a select trade cannot include where the temperature often becomes grovrth and, in mi any eases, f allow- ed to go unchecked., slowly but surely involving the whole of the plants so that they die down a considerable time before the tubers are fully de- veloped. The appearance of this trouble in the fields is often mistaken by grow- ers for Late Blight. There is, how- ever, a marked distinction between the two, for Late Blight may com- mence by attacking any part of the plants—leaves and stems alke—has a darkawateresoaked appearance and, in its early Stages, is damp to the touch, while Tip Burn invariably com- mences at the margin or tips -of the leaves and has a decidedly dry ap- pearance and touch with the excep- tion of after rain. It also appears much earlier in the season than Late Blight has ever been recorded and does not cause the death of the plants so rapidly. Nor has it ever proven 60 destructive as Late Blight, although evidence has been obtained that in seasons when it is severe and where no effort is made to check, a consider- able reduction in the yield of market- able tubers due to the premature death of the plants f-rom t'his cause, may result. • Investigators of this trouble are not yet in agreement as to the cause. The observations of eonee have led to the .belief that a periekrof hot dry weath- er : dutleg the igie e Inge season causes. "the' leaves to throw off moisture more rapidly filian it can be furnished by the plant, the result being the appear-, ance ef Tip Bunt This theory seems, them in filling orders. If the nests are slightly darkened and the nesting litter kept clean, the eggs will be clean with the chalky freshness which customers expect when they pay a premium for fresh eggs. I find that a small wooden table is useful in a poultry house. It should hold the water pail and a crock or two of sour milk. Then litter can- not be scratched into the water and milk, making them a possible source of disease. If there is no time to build hoppers, the grit and oyster shells can be plac- ed in earthen crocks on, this low plat- extremely prevalent, we had several 1 forrn. I find that hoppers are best, plots to which, for the purposes of hoierever, as they hold a larger supply experiment, Bordeaux mixture was and. need filling less often. Hoppers not applied. These plots suffered excessive and the air is especially dry. More reeent investigations lead to the belief that this burning of the leaves probably follows the depreda- tions of sucking insects. These in- vestigations are not yet complete, but enough evidence has been produced to serve as a warning to potato grow- ers to keep these insect pests thor- oughly under control in an endeavor to avoid Tip Burn. We have found irk OUT experimental work with potatoes that Bordeaux mixture will to a large extent control this trouble. In 1918, when it was for dry mash can easily be made of small packing boxes. Sketch the out- line of the proposed hopper on the. sides of the box. Then saw out the box to conform with the sketch, and use the material removed to board up the front of the hopper. Make a sort of lip in front so that the hens cannot waste it on the floor. It remodeling my house I found that the curtains were 'hinged to the top of the windows so they could be pulled back and hooked to the ceiling. I also fouled that the hens had been roosting on the curtain frames mak. ing them dirty and infesting them with mites. 1 took these curtaine out and burned them. The new curtains from a severe attack of Tip Burn and the plants were all killed down, by the second week in August, while other pilots on the same land, and to which., for the control of Late Blight, Bordeaux mixture was regularly and thoroughly applied, suffered, to a very slight extent only, the' plants :remain- eng green until frost came. Bordeaux mixture acts as a repellent to the Leaf Hopper, as well ae a protection to the plants. Many ether eases, in addition to that referred to, have owns to our atte.ntion, beaming evi- dence that regular and thorough spraying with this mixture will ree duee to a minimum the ravages of Tip Burn. • Grow Perennials. July is an ideal time to sow the seeds of such hardy plants as pinks, columbine, perennial larkspurs, felt - gloves, pansies, sweet-williatos, Shas- ta daisies, and many there. These wili intake a nice growth in the fell. teed bed, and will bloom at the regu- lar time next spring, The clumps will not be quite so large as those from seeds sown in May, but the May -own plants will not bloom, the first year, so there is not meth gained by plattieg them. You oari plant the ll -sown plants somewhat thicker, 'arid In traxisplanting have Wale chance to ettt etit inferior plants, Most of these plants like a loose mellow IdEtal 'thab will not pack, or !, pun, Woods sail with plenty of leaf mold le ideal. Sow the: 5:elide in rovve. to not arowd the taws. The "seeds should be ceereted not Over a cparter half an inch, and kept Moist until ; up, which Will take ten days or two ' Weelae let moat a thoe oariltiOn Vat- SO,Phe areeloWer to germinate and older seede ate slower than fresh ones. Thin the pants in the *rows if too thick, but a half-inch space will serve until transplanting time, except for such strong growers as hollyhocks. •The seed bed should be well culti- vated to give the little plants a. chance to make a good growth. As cold weather &ales near, let them get pretty dry to harden them up. Water the bed well before giving pro- tectior, if it ie not already moist. This mulch can be any coarse material, but tree leaves are probably best. Straw free from fine chaff will serve, or coarse hay. Anything that will pack Will shut off to much air A good water -tight of should be placed over all. The bed should he high enough to secure good eireliage. With the packing kept dry, there, is little danger of evinter-killingt have ket theni by turning ari ein 1*y box of* them, making the bottom, of tho box tight ero it would eted the inter. A little care Will Wake your Weide -thrift, arid they will rewata you with aletnalatt bloom •next opting and sarerner. awards are: wheat,. barley, peas, buckwheat and corn each 100 bushels, oats 200 bushels, field beans 25. bush- els, clovers and timothy 15bushes, and potatoes. 150 bushels. The awiares, except in the ease of potatoes, are made on a basis of 65 per eent...en the bin score and 36 per centi.on the field score. In the eaee of. potatoes the method is reversed, theeeweirect be ing based on 35 per cent. on th . bin score and 65 per cent. on the field score. All agricultural aseociations are eligible to conduct these eiempeti- tons, provided the, association enter- ing does not conduct a field crore com- petition in the same season with the same kind of crop. To the prize money under subvention agreement the Dominion eubseribes $200 in each instance and the province $100. North America has a white popula- tion of 100,000,000. ,liata for.. the Kiddies. Simply adorahle are the little am - mer hats for the kiddies made a white pique. What child would not love one eepeeially if it were deeorated on the eppee brim with a row of Pack - Mg daeks or Chirping ohickens This is a Splendid way for 4Mother to use up the odd pieces ef white pique or rep, The hats are simple te make, They fit the head well and are decided- ly praetieal.. TO make the brim cut two circular pieces of ' pique eaeh 12 inches in diameter. In the centre of each of these circles cut another circle 6 inches in. diameter, The inner circle may vary according to the child's head -size. (It will be best to cut paper patterns first.) Turn the right sides of the brim to- gether and baste and stitch the outer edges. taking a lee -inch seam. Turn the brim, baste the outer edige, and stitch again on the edge. The :crown is made from a :circular piece of pique, 10 inches in diameter. Face the crown and fasten to the :brim with they butanes and buttonholes. The quacking ducks around the up- per front edge of the brim are em- broidered in outline stitch. Six -strand "embroiderer cotton in Copenhagen blue is used for the dueks and yellow floss for the bills and eyes. Brine is em- broidered before it is attached to the crown. --a There are tvro ways of getting a better cow. • One is to put one's hand into his pocket—deep, in these days— and pay for her; the other is to grow her. The last way is the best, the first the quickest. Raise a cow and you understand: her and she knows you. • You make a better team, and team work in the dairy is what counts. ••••••••••••••aiesei.nowszariraritozamosromemmariamtr.s•vesmcsin Better Lawns Make Better Homes There are many mistakes made in the establishment of lawns and in their subsequent management. In or- der to make a good lawn the soil must be fairly fertile or it is necessarY that it be made so by proper fertilization. The regular use of suitable fertilfzers is also necessary. Tht best time to insure a good soil for a lawn is at the time when the excavating and the grading are done. Frequently a good site that is natural- ly fertile is made unproductive or un- desirable by covering it over with sub -soil taken from another location, that is, from basements or sections that are moved in grading. Not infre- quently building rubbish, ashes, cin- ders, cans and other debris are cover- ed with a thin layer of soil, Alia re- sult being a very unsatisfaitery, pro- duction of desh;e4e_grai, ees. )100'61 gotartaine-rd7bIlliev Is, keep at least six inches of rich soil on the 'Surface. This six inches or more of soil should quently overlooked is that the new land should be permitted to pass into the winter with a cpnsiderable growth; In other words, it should not be mowed very closely in the fall. This is done in order to protect the young grass roots during the winter. Many of the most successful lawns are rolled. Especially is this desirable .in the case of a new lawn. 'Phis Is done to • compact the soil and cause the grass roots to take a firm hold. Frequently the grass roots are loosen- ed by the freezing 'and. thawing during the winter season and rolling is neces- sary to overcome this condition. • In other instances angle worms leave the lawn in a roughened condition and the rolling overcomes this. • Mistakes are sometimes made in watering lawns. It is better to thor- -oukhltWeliti the soil by laying the hose on the ground and permitting the water to flow freely. on one part for an hour or so and then move it to an - be fine in texture or a loam or clay other place. The sprinkling method is loam material, inasmuch as they, are satisfactory if -continued long enough, the best for the production of moat all but frequently this Is not done. The grasses that are grown on lawns. They dry out less quickly and retain added fertilizers to much better advantage than do the sandy soils. Where drainage conditions are not good they should be corrected by the laying of tile at proper depths with suitable outlets. If the subsoil is very heavy or impervious the surface soil Is likely to hold too much water or become waterlogged, resulting in un- sanitary conditions, and usually an un- satisfactory growth of grasses. •If, on the other hand, the sub -soil is very porous or sandy, the lawn muse be watered very frequently and fertil- ized more often than if it is heavy in texture. In the establishment of a lawn, if it is available, a generous ap- plication of well -decayed or rotted stable manure is desirable. This should be worked well into the soil, the application consisting of about four hundred. to eight hundred pounds per square rod. The use of well -rotted manure is advantageous because there Is much less danger of the introduc- tion of undesirable weed seeds, some of which may prove objectionable later on. •' After the manure has been applied either, hydrated lime •at the rate of about fifteen pounds per square rod or air -slaked litne,-or finely pulverized limestone at the rate of about twenty pounds per square rod or dried Marl at the rate of about twenty-five pounds per square rod should be add- ed to the soil, and worked into it when the land is prepared for seeding. In addition it is advisable to apply four pounds of sixteen per cent. acid phos- phate per square rod. When the seed -bed haa been ex- tremely finely pulverized and •leveled down the seeding may be blade. As a general rule the Kentucky bluegrass makes the most popular and most sec, cessful grass, forming an excellent turf. Sonia seed a mixture of' grasses, however, such as the bluegrass and the English or Italian rye grass. Where three parts of the bluegrasa and one part of the English rye grass Is used in the mexture, about halt a pound is usually seeded on a square rod. A mixture of bluegrass and White clover is also a very popular one. Pre- eautione should be taken in all cases to obtain grasses whose percentages ot germination are high. la some in- stances mixtures of low percentages are plaoed oh the market. .. Following the eetahlighineet of the 'aim for beet results lthouid be care. fully handled and not negletted. •A very good rule to follOw ts tO never permit die lawn grater to go to seed, internal% atil this taw to cause it 16 deterlorate, and row In a pent or un- satioactooilawati nt that la frt. soil dries out with the exception of the very shallow layer at the surface. Only surface aoalicaticoes of fedi', izers to establish lawns are made. Where stable manure is used it should be applied very early M the spring. In some instances mistakes are made by applying fresh manure in too large quantities, there being toe much solu- ble material added for the grass, the result being either the killing •out of the grass, commonly spoken of as burning out, or a decided setback to it. If fresh manure only is available It should. be applied very uniformly over the surface at the rate of one hundred and twenty-five pounds per square rod. As previously stated, how- ever, the rotted manure is better on account of less danger of the intro duction of some of the troublesome weeds. The manure should be care- fully removed from the lawn shortly after the grass beginsto grow in the sprihg. Where the manure is not made use of top -dressings of nitrate of soda at tb.e time growth begins may be used at the rate of from one-quar- ter to one pound per square rod. Pre- caution should be taken to spread it uniformly over the -surface and when the grass is not moist, or when the dew is not on it; -otherwise, the leaves of the grilses may be burned or in- jured by the nitrate. Subsequent ap- lineations of similar quantities may be made as the lawn demands it. In some instances the nitrate of soda is dis- solved in water and sprinkled on the lawn; usually, however, this Is not necessary, Ammonium sulphate should not be applied to lawns that are growing bluegrass or White cloyer inasnluch as It will cause theta to clisahear and other less desirable ones may come in. It should not be overlooked, however, that if the soil is limed about every four years, topdressings of araraonium sulphate without lime drives out the injurious effect to these plants. In- vestigations on the use of ammonium Sulphate and sodium nitrate on lawns over a period of twenty years or more •shoW conclusively that the use of am- • monium sulphate without lime drives out the bluegrass and clover, as well as several other grasses, "and also a number of troublesome weeds that may core& into the lawn. /1 on is de- siroue of growing such grasses as the red -top, bent grasses and sorae of the fescuei, the annuoniura sulphate should be used and the aoil left aced• , Acid pboaptate should be applied to the lava aloOnt eyery twg rears at the rate of three hundred pioulade pet acre, altholegh finely ground lirnestone tts 6. e'arrier Of phoephoras may be used about twice at the rate or fiVa pounds Per square rode The Wefare of the Howe Making Friends With the Birds ---By S. Louise Patteson. Oneday last spring, a little girl asked nie if it were true that robins liked to eat other things thau worms. I replied that robins would eat fruit when they were thirsty If they could find no water. • "Oh, just when they're thirsty," she exclaimed in a tone of surprise, "Then I had better give them a basin •of water, because , father gets terribly provoked at the robinsawhen he sees them In our cherry tree or In the strawberry -patch," I told her that in the strawberry - patch robins were much more likely to hunt the grubs and cutworms that injure the roots of the vines than to •eat the strawberries, but that they did like cherries. I asked her if she would like to make friends with the birds and fix a place in her garden where they could drink when they were thirsty or bathe and splash about in warm weather. She was delighted evith the idea of making something useful and wanted to •know haw to build a bird bath. I gladly promised to help her make one and accordingly I went to, her home one morning soon after our conversation Together we gathered several baskets full of small stones from a vacant lot near her home, then we selected a spot iu an open space in ter garden where we set up a pyramid about three feet high. After we had finished it we filled a big flower -pot saucer with water and placed it on top of the pyramid. When the warm weather came, the birds used this bath so much that the water had to be changed several times a day! ,But the pleasure of watching the different birds. that Came to the garden to quench their thirst and splash about in the cool water more thaxi compensated for the slight trouble of filling the bath. The other members of the child's family became as much interested in their feathery friends as the little inasen who had built the bath, and the practical father observed with satisfaction that his fruit trees Were less •attractive to the birds. • Some of the other children in the neighborhood became anxious to be- friend the birds and one of the best results of their new intereet was that the small boys were less temptee to rob nests for the sake of collecting eggs, which were perfectly useless to them, and they became more interest- ed to care for the mother birds ia the, nesting season and to protect thelr young, for all the children had be- come anxious to have as many bird neighbors as possible frequent, their •gardens. • • One of the small boys was an only child whose hobby had been the col- lecting of minerals and quartz. •He decided to make a practical use of leis most treasured posSassion, four hexagonal blocks which had been brought to him from the Giant's Cause- way. With his father's help he piled these heavy blocks of basalt one on top of another and made a perfect column about two and a half feet high. On top of it he kept a large brown flower -pot saucer filled with water; thus the use of what had been a souvenir of questionable worth helped to make • a refreshing bath for the birds and added a real ornament to his mother's garden. • And what is more important, his parents were pleased to observe that the chilcVs old desire to collect and possess mineral specimens was becoming secondary to an active, sympathetic interest in the beautiful little living creatures that enjoyed coining to the garden; and deeper love and greater consideration for all dependent creatures became evident. Thus the tender, cherishing instinct was developed in several children through a little girl's interest: in. the fare of robins! The Children's Hour. There was once a wise Indian chief who had a brave little son. The boy was loved by all the people of the tribe. The little brothers of the wood stopped often to play with him, and the birds sang their best songs to him. He had a kind heart, and he loved to make everything happy. Best of all he loved a certain, little brown bird that had a tiny nest built high up in a tree and lined with the softest down from fuzzy cat -tails. The 'bird was smaller than other birds, and it could not sing; lout all clay long it stayed near the little son of the chief. The Indian boy had an idea that its - wings Triode music, aria so he ealled it, "The bird with. the sweet wing song." • One clay the wise chief had to send a message to afar -away chief. The message was that the Green Corn Moon was now in the sky, and so it was, tine to give a feast and thalik the Great 'Spirit for all the fruit and grain that the harvest had brought. Would :his friend come to the feast? the wise chief wondered. The wise chief called the little chief to him and saki, "You must take a message to My friend who is far away. Twice the sun will set and twice it will rise before you reach hirn. But the trail is plain; the little brothers of the wood will play with you; the birds will sing to you; the Moon Mother and the stars will guard you; and all night long the little Stara -with -Wings will give you light. Go, my son, and prove that you are the heave eon of a brave chief." So the little chief started. Over his head the bird with the sweet wing song went gayly flying.- All through the day the boy journeyed. Whenever he stopped. to rest and to eat berries the little brothers of the wood came stealing out to play with him. That night he slept safe and sound in the friendly wood. The west wind sang him to sleep, and the Stars -with - Wings stayed near to give him light. When he came to the edge of the wood he found two trails. One led to the chief who was the friend of his father; the other led far away to a chief who never took the trouble to thank the Great Spirit for the har- vest. The little Indian boy could not tell which way to go. He :stood still for a while, thinking,. Presently he said, "Go, my bird with the sweet wing song, and find the trail to the friendly chief." The bird flew off; in a moment or two it was out of sight. All through the day the little thief waited, 'and all through the night At last, just as the Moon Mother was putting the 'stars to 'sleep under the white -cloud blankets, the tiny bird came back. For a long time the birdd and the boy 'talk- ed together; then they took the teal to the far -away chief. It was a long way to travel, but the boy did not mind, because he knew he was on the right trail. The chief .was glad to see the little son of his friend, and he promised to come to the feast. Afterwards the two companions set out for their own lodge fire—the little bird leaddag the way. When they reached the -end of the home trail all the braves eame, eut to meet them. As they led the boy back to camp the little bird, 'swift on his little brown wings, flew' above 'them. The , wise. chief was proud of his brave -little . son, for the bay had aho-wn, that some day he, too, woukl be a wise chief, able to lead his people. The boy told his father that the bird had helped him find the way. "0 wise ,chief, my father," he said, "the little bird is very plain, as you see. Let nee show my love for him by giving him a wonderful suit of feathers!" The chief was glad t� reward his son, and the boy eet to work at owe. He gathered some flowers and grasses that were growing neae at hand, and pressed the color 'from. them. Than with the yellow and orange and red that came from the - flowers and the green that came from the grasses he painted the sober Coat of the little brown bird. How beautiful the new suit was! Ali the other birds were envious. As for the bird with the sweet wing .song; he was so proud that he flew happily sound the little son of the chief,and louder arid clearer than ever he made a humenin,g sound with his little wings. Fie= that time on be hum- med :constantly. Because of the music that he made with his wings he came in time to he called the humming bird. • If the roses or other plants beeorne infested with plant lice, dust the at- tacked portions with pyrethrum pow- der, coating the insects in the opera- tion. Tobacco dust is good also. ,smstizomenzczezz C) • The outlook is for continued low prices. •Ship your lot now and get spot cash. You will be treated right. Wm. Stone Sons, Limited • WOODSTOCK, ONT. •Established 1870. ISESEEMEMEe..Q7:17412a3=MMEEMPY T r e -13e•:/, , • ?yr e1.V VKIt