HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1921-06-02, Page 2Address communications to Autonomist, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto.
The use of dry mash is becoming
mare generally used to develop rapid
growth in chicks. The mash may seem
costly but the amount of dry scratch
grain can be greatly 'reduced. Some
of the eormercial growing mashes are
very desirable in promoting quick-
Cultivation of Growing Crops. the, potatoes being spaced twelve growing broilers. Of course, the cheap -
The inches apart in the row."The system est rations are produced at home, but
The cultivation of crops reqbof cultivation outlined above hatinng
reasonable care. There is seldom if home feeds are lacking the poultry-
gain from deep cultivation after the
crop has been planted, Such cultiva-
tion is necessary in preparing the soil
for all hoed crops, but if not done
then, later cultivation will not make
up for the neglect. Summer eultiva-
tion should be shallow: sufficient to
destroy weeds and produce a fine sur-
face mulch one to two inches deep,
It may be possible and is then ad-
visable to narrow the cultivator and
cultivate deeply the space between the
rows not occupied by growing roots.
It should be remembered, however;
that these roots penetrate the soil
towards the centre of the row very
rapidly and frequent observations are
necessary to determine whether the
feeding roots are being disturbed or
destroyed by cultivation, as so very
often happens. The moist soil below
the loose surface soil covering is
where soil bacteria are most active,
and consequentlyy where the most plant
fcod is being liberated, as a result of
which roots will be found in this soil
area in greater abundance than any-
where else,
'Although there seems to be no good
ret Eon for using care in .selection of
seed, preparation of the soil and fer-
tilizing to grow a goad plant --only to
destroy the roots as soon as they have
grown =yet this is what is very often
been followed..
Care of the Chicks on Range.
The care of the chicks while in the
brooder stage is most important, for
at that time the largest mortality oc-
curs, yet the subsequent oare of the
chicks that have lived through the
man can often use a few sacks of
commercial gnash to great advantage
in growing a large per cent, of the
chicks into vigorous birds.
Hens that are laying eggs for hatch-
ing should not be forced for a large
number of eggs. It is better to have'
a few less eggs and have them strong -
brooder stage has very much to do • ly fertile and able to produce many
with the success or failure of the birds
later.
Plenty of heat—Do not cut down the
heat too soon until the chicks are well
feathered, and even after that if the
weather is cold and changeable, they
will require a certain amount of heat,
whether they are raised naturally or
artificially.
Naturally raised chicks—The hen
will probably leave the chicks to them-
selves by the time they are feathered,
sometimes even before, and it is well
to have the chicks housed in a fairly
comfortable coop or colony house, so
that when the hen leaves them they
will be quite comfortable and can get
alongwithout her.
Artificially raised chicks—The same
care as to heat and comfortable rear
vigorous chicks. When hens have been
heavily fed to obtain many hatching
eggs the owners have often defeated
their own purpose. They have fewer
good hatching eggsthan as if nature
had not been overworked.
Exercise is a factor in keeping the
breeding birds healthy. That is why
free range flocks often show a higher
per cent. of fertility than special
breeding pens confined • on a limited.
area. When the birds are confined it
is necessary to make thein scratch for
their grain in the summer as well as
winter. A vigorous hen with a large.
range will do a lot of traveling in
a day and a lot of 'scratching. She
produces a profit with the least worry.
The lazy, poor producers are apt to
be last off the roost in the morning
ing quarters should be given to the and first to bed at night. Possibly
chicks that are hatched and reared considerable culling could be done by
artificially, and sometimes even mare opening the hen house in the morninhg.
care is necessary. The reanoval of the and closing it two minutes later. Then
heat, when nights are still cold, often sell all that remain in the house that
do not show interest in the nests.
About. two hours before sunset watch
for the lazy hens that roost early.
After sone of them have gone to
roost, cull them out and save the. -good
hens that are still outside working.
The above method is not a- scientific
way of culling hens, but we honestly
believe that a lot of slackers could be
quickly marked 'by that method.
done. Root pruninghas so far never • results in the chicks becoming chilled,
crowding into a corner and a number
been shown to be desirable and, as the ` of them being smothered. Those that
root development is a big factor in j survive are more or less stunted be -
crop yields, the better chance they. cause of the chill.
have for development without being Give them fresh land—It is never
disturbed the better use they can make advisable to rear chickens in the same
-- of the plant food the soil contains. yard or upon the same soil that the
The object at this time is to -point out did heed have used. Give them new
the desirability of surface tillage by, soil that is sweet and free from dis-
shallow surface cultivation and wain h ease germs. Such a place as a culti-
against deep culture in the area tee- voted orchard, potato patch, root or
cupied by the growing plant. corn field, or in fact any place where
Another reason why roots should there is a growing crop of such a
n d p nature that they cannot destroy it,
is because injured roots may not be will be an ideal spot for the chicks.
able to take up the full moisture re- Plenty of shade—During the warm-
quired and wilting may result, bring- er months shade is very important.
ing about premature maturity; par- This can be provided by the growing
ticularly is this the case if the wea- crop, orchard, shrubs or even the rais-
ther is hot and accompanied by drying ing of the house and in some cases,
winds. along with this, artificial shade made
A depth guide should be used on from boughs or cotton .screens is an
the cultivator to avoid too deep cul- advantage.
tivation and as the plants grow to- Feeding—The feeding of a flock of
ward the centre between the rows the chicks during, the growing season
cultivator should be narrowed: The should not be laborious. Though plenty
advent of the horse hoe or hiller has of feed is required it may be given
marked the greatest advance in econ- in such a way that the minimum ami
oniie potato culture of any implement ount . of • labor is entailed. For this
on the farm. This implement has purpose, hopper feeding is very much
made it possible to distribute around to be recommerxded. A home-made
the potato hill .a fine earth mulch suf- hopper in which mixed grains and
ficient to kill the weeds, if done when mash can be placed and to which the
the weeds are young; and not in any 'chicks can have access at all times
way disturb the growing roots in the insures plenty of feed for the chicks
hill. The tooth cultivator should fol -with very little labor on the part of
low the horse hoe, setting it as close the attendant. If the chicks are late
as possible, to loosen the hard centre and it is necessary to hurry them in
between the rows in order to protect order to get their growth in plenty
the land from drying out, form a loose of time for the fall, a moist mash fed
soil to quickly absorb rains that may once a day will help them, and milk
fall and give fine soil for subsequent before them at all times is a decided
hillisig;
In potato culture the point above
mentioned indicates the necessity for
at be distnrbe more than assible
advantage.
In feeding and caring for the grow-
ing chicks it should be borne in mind
reasonable distance between the rows that the chief aim is to have matured
in order to grow this crop with the pullets so that they will commence to
least amount of hand hoeing for, if lay before the winter season comes on.
the rows are narrow, there is not the The feeder should keep this in mind
sauce from which to draw the soil and feed the birds accordingly. Early:
for hilling purposes and the row can- chicks may be fed so that they will
not be cultivated without doing dam- mature too early for best all-round
age to the feeding roots as there is production, and though this is an ex -1
n: t space enough for the cultivator
to work without doing such damage.
Thirty-three inches apart seems to be
the distance most suitable. Tests made
at Kentville covering a period of five
years, including 16 tests, show that
rows thirty inches apart yielded an
average of 265.6 bushels and those
thirty-six inches apart 293;1 bushels,
ception, still it is well to keep in mind'
that the pullet that starts laying the •
latter part of October or the first{
of November is usually the pullet that,
gives the best yearly production and.
certainly yields a better revenue than
the pullet that does not start laying
until after the season of high prices.
for eggs is over.
This Might Help You
in. Your Painting.
Much of our paint now conies ready-
mixed—that dis, the pigment is ground
in oil and tempered with oil and tur-
pentine and drier. While this paint
le supposed to be ready for applica-
tion, I find that after it hag been in
stock for some time the heavier in-
gredients settle to the bottom. A
casual stirring is not enough to insure
a uniform fluid for application.
The quickest and best method of
mixing such paint is to .pour off zrearly
sill of the top liquid. Now stir thor-
oughly, with a medium paddle, the
. reen aiming liquid into the heavier pig-
ment, stirring so that the motion is
from the bobboan of the container.
Gradually add small quantities of the
liquid poured off, stirring .in each ad-
dition thoroughly before adding more.
The paint will work much better:
From time to time the paint should
be stirred so that it, will not settle
again.
For old unpainted wood or for new
wood, never apply thick paint. Alvrays
use a paint well thinned with raw lin-
teed oil and turpentine in the propos-
tion, of about five to one. The wood
Bibs obs much. of the oil, and if the
paim.t is thick too much pigment will
lee' left on the surface, leaving a
tiliialky or dry appearance.
i'oay home -mixed paints, pigments
gnround in oil should be used as far
possible, as 'they will mix far
easier and better than is possible with
itee piteeettte In n ieriftg etich paint,.
start withthe pigment, adding the
oil slowly as in remixing ready -mixed
paints. This method will consume
much less time and will give a better
paint far the trouble.
White lead ground in oil requires
the addition of about seven or eight
gallons of linseed oil and one geillon
of turpentine .for priming coat, while
for finishing coats four to five gallons
of cal and one quart of turpentine
make a satisfactory mix for brush ap-
plication.
The pigments used in paintimg are
either mineral: or metallic, The prim,-
cipal metallic pigments axe lead, zinc,
and iron eompounds. The lead and
zine are used chiefly as the base of
white and lighter tinted paints. The
iron gives reds and browns. Mineral
tints are colored earths .mainly,. and
furnish a barge variety of colors and
tints..
To Scald Milk.
To prevent milk from sticking to
the bottom of the kettle or the 'pan
When you •staid it, first bail a little
water in the pan for a minute or two
tjust before .
and hen pour it out y+au
put the milk into it.
Public prosperity is like ra tree:
agriculturre is its roots; i,ndniatry and
commerce are its branches and leaved.
If the met suffers, the leaves fall, the
branches break, and the tree dies.
---Chinese Philosophy.'
Ffand epinnieg-wheels are still trade
n on pre or export Far gas en i ih a
Raising; hobbits for Food.
For a long time it wasdifficult to
get the rachet Men to handle rabbit
meat; and even now many of them de-
cline to do so, thinking perhaps that
it would interfere with 'their regular'
sales'`of beef, mutton and pork. Still,
in the large cities one hinds dealers
who advertise for rabbitsof all kinds,
and who pay a price which compares
well with that paid for live poultry.
A surprisingly large number of peo-
ple have taken up rabb'it keeping, and
yet the available supply is very small
compared with the supply of other
meats. There is no kind of meat which
can be produced at so low a cost as
rabbit meat, especially if one has a
vegetable garden and a patch of
ground where a 'little hay can be had.
" A hutch made out of a dry -goods
box will answer for the rabbits' home,
and about the only expense will be the
purchase of a little grain, of which
oats is the best. Some people raise
their rabbitswholly en green food and
vegetables, with the addition of hay;
but less rapid growth is made, and the
flesh is too soft to be of the highest
quality. On the other hand, too much
grain makes the meat too hard.
While oats are the most common
grain used, whole corn makes a good
ration, and is sometimes boiled.
Crushed oats are best for young stock;
and can be prepared by means of a
simple hand-niui. Hay is a necessity
in climates where green food can not
be obtained the year round. It is best
to keep the hay in a little Tack at one
end of, the hutch so that it will not be
wasted, although a little hay is also
used oftentimes for bedding. It is
easy to make a rack by using a few.
laths or poultry netting.
Some breeders urge the use of 'cab-
bages, while others say that they
should never be given 'to rabbits. In
any case, it .must be said that cab-
bages should not be allowed to freeze,
nor should they be fed when decayed:
Moreover, if the hutches are indoors,
it is best to avoid oa'bbages because
their use results in rather unpleasant
odors.
Of all the vegetables which the rab-
bit keeper can grow in his garden,
Comforts on the Rented Farm
Last summer it was my good fox
tune to visit a college friend who had
lived on a farm all hex life, had taken
a college course in home economics,
married a man who had graduated
from the college of agriculture and
gone to live en a rented farm. Know-
ing the good modern house .in which
she had lived on her father's farm,. T
wondered haw she would enjoy a rent-
ed farm. She had two children and the
usual number of hands to hoards
the usual' lack of help in the ;liouee.
I asked her how she managed to keep
house so , vell and have so much time
for reading and enjoying her children.
She answered, "Do you know, I be-
lieve the reason more women are not
able to make their work easier is
because they do not study it enough?"
Tasked her how she had gone about
improving the place in which she had
to work.
"The first thing I did," she answer-
ed, "was to work as best I could with
the things I had and arranged just
as they were when I "moved in. The
next thing I did was to sit down ,and
•
think.
While thinking, she made a list of
such improvements as seemed urgent.
"We are poor folk, you know," she
said, "and we had to make the money.
go as far as it would. So I made my
plans carefully in order not to have
to spend an undue amount"
The first thing changed was the
sink in the kitchen. It was in a
cori+.er and the men using it had to
cross the working space which she
was using in preparing her meals. At'
least three twines a day her husband
and his helpers interfered more or less
with preparation of meals. The sank
was too low and made her back ache.
She had it moved and raised and then
had what she called, "the food end' of
the kitchen and the washroom end."
The towels hung in a hallway near
the sink and thus automatically mov-
ed the men out of the kitchen a little
faster than they might have moved.
A high cabinet and a flat topped
one next were purchased. The Latter
was on casters which made it easy to
move about the kitchen.
Equipping the Kitchen:
coarsely meshed net or hood to pre-
vent his climbing or falling out. These
contrivances can be purchased at
furnitdre stores. These bed's saved
getting out of bed to attend . to the
ehildren's.minor wants... She said that
the baby basket was one of the most
convenient things she. had ever had.
She would put the baby in it, set it
on the. floor of the automobile and he
could sleep on the eight -mile ride to
Mown. She- carried the basket .'into
'Stores with her, which was easier than
carryirg the baby, and more comfort-
able for him.
She showed me the washing ma-
chine
n,a
chine and churn which the titan of the
house had "rigged up" so they could
be run by the gasoline engine. As
they were not intended to be so used,
the width of the wheels had been in-
creased by a wooden piece in order
to make them wide enough to oarry
a belt. By using his knowledge of
mechanics, her husband had connected
these two 'important pieces of equip-
ment with the gasoline engine.
A Home -Made Refrigerator.
very
I was interested to .see her various
pieces of inexpensive equipment to
save work. She also had a fireless
cooker, a disih-drainer and a high
stool I asked her if she had ever
bought "equipment that she did net
find useful and at this point her hus-
band had great fun telling ore of one
dish -drainer that emphatically did not
do what had been claimed for it so she
bought another. That was the only
piece of equipment she had purchased
which was not satisfaotory, but. she
had thought veiny carefully . and in-
formed herself well about each article
before purchasing it. Although this.
was a tenant house, I have never
seed a more convenient kitchen con
sidering the feet that conning water
was not available.
This bright -minded mother carried
her baby in a large market -basket
enameled on the outside, lined and
softly padded, The baby slept roost
of the tune in this basket which was
set on a bench something like a piano
bench, only lower, elose beside the
bed in which; the mother slept: For
the three-year=old boy she had a bed
Which swung over the foot of her bed,
high enough .not to interfere with
i f tothePleat v t'lat'on and covered by ry
The problem of keeping perishable
food in summer was great until this
ingenious woman worked out this de-
vice: For a wedding present somebody
had given them a breachbox much too
Large for their family use. They put
a wooden frame around. this non -rust -
able metal 'box and hung it in, the well.
Her huaband •constructed a frame ti�tith
a pulley over the well. A pail filled
with stones was fastened to the end
of _ the rope which almost balanced' the
weight in the box and made it pos-
sible to raise the box with little
effort. When she took food out of
the box she put a stone in to make
the box sink into the well. There was
a shelf in the box so she could keep
cons!ideea+ble food in this cool place.
A heavy snap had been atbached to
the wires running cross -wise under
the :box and I asked her what that
was for and she said they hung the
cream can to that when they wished
to put it in the well. It sounds clumsy
but it saved lots of food and helped
appetites as well as pocket books..
They had only „the old-fashioned
outdoor toilet' but behind the door was
a small barrel of lime and hanging
near an aluminum cup with a handle.
In my two days' visit I slaw only one
fly in the toilet, which proved, since it
was in the hot summer time, that this
mother :vias •suocessfully protecting
her family from the clanger of fly
borne disease.
There were many other evidences
of her careful study to do her house-
keeping
oluse
keeping+as intellligentl'y ai possible and
to put into practice her knowledge of
the -laws of sanitation: and health. By
reading, she keeps herself informed
and she says it makes her home-euak-
inug much more interesting and gen-
:mutely isucoeesful to be trying to im-
prove it all the time instead of just
buying things which other people
have.
After all,•this matter of coniforbs,
'conveniences and hone -improvements
is the problem for each ind'ividru�al or
group moot dtn7nediately concerned.
We cannot say it is the man's job or
the woman's, Tewin work, of eoanrse,
is ideal and family teen work the
ver highest ideal cite 1. Community
y g
movements are drawing rural homes
closer together and the spirit of coni-
ni.unity r.dv'ancement runs now, like
grass rite, swiftly from pontvt to point,
The Welfare of the Home
Building the New D:,vellimg,
A ;:tory is told of a poor. Woman
who suddenly acquired wealth and at
once decided to: • build a new home.
Having spent most of her waking
hours in the 'kitchen, she ordered her
architect to furnish her a house which
had no such room. Later, finding that
even people. of wealth must have some
place to prepare tneals, she was
forced to build the kitchen on, and
connect it to the rest of the mansion
by means of a hall. cent, of
In inspecting a large per
the houses in Canada, one is forced
to believe that at least as little
thought was given to sane planning,
as the woman in the story gave to her
home. Certainly. the average home
could be improved upon when it_comes
to convenience of arrangement and
ease of doing work. In the old-
fashioned houses, especially those
built in the days when lumber was
cheap, doesn't it seem as if the one
idea was to see how many rooms of
immense size one could get, without
any regard to the steps women would
have to take in keeping the house up?
Don't you all know pantries large
enough to be modern kitchens?
In planning your new hone, or re-
modeling your old one, bear in mind
the fact that the fewer the steps, the
sooner you'll be through work. Get
your working area all together in as
compact a form as possible.,
The model farm home should have
Diving -room, dining room, office, kit-
chen, pantry, laundry and wash -room
on the first floor, bedrooms, bath and
sewing -room onothe second, and the
bedrooms for help should be separate
from those for the family. If you can-
not afford a home of this -size, how-
ever, combine livingroom, office and
sewing -room in. one, but keep the
dining -room. Many a woman has sat
listlessly through a meal in the kit-
chen because the sight of the spot
where she had prepared the meal rob-
bed her of appetite. Plan your home
so as to get out of the kitchen at
mealtimes.
And do not, unless you are blessed
with help or the children are grown,
plan for a sewing -room on the 'second
floor. Have it down where you can
step into it while the bread bakes and
you'll accomplish , twice as much in
the way of sewing_or mending. In
planning your home consider your
own fancily and your own needs, not
what the neighbors have, or what
some architect tries to tell you you
want.
A wash -room through which help
can come to clean up .arid prepare for
meals before entering Lite house pro-
per is almost a. necessity. Meke: this
large enough to be used for a play
room for the children on rainy days.
If it has a concrete floor they can
play almost any game without worry
as to spilled water or scratched floors.
Stairs to the help's eleepieg room
could go up from here.
Of course, you will have running:
water, This need not of necessity oast
a great deal of mpney. A small pump,
a few feet of pipe, a sink and a little
lalbor axe all that is required. .The
department of farm mechanics of the
,agricultural college will give advice
and help as to installing any water
or power 'system you may select.
The method of heating the new
home is .a matter of pocketbook and
personal choice. Every type of.fur-
nace, hot air, steam and hot water,
has its admirers. Much depends upon
installation, so be sure that only a
competent . workman,. installs your,
furnaee for you. Hot air costs less
in the beginning that either steam or
hot water. Such furnaces are easy
to .operate, and if .properly installed
with, an outside cold air intake, they
give .satisfactory heat and insure
fresh air at the same time. On windy
days, however, there is almost in-
variably one room in the house which
is is impossible to heat, the room, of
course, 'being on the windy side of the
house. If you choose hot, air, see
that the registers are set in the wall.
Floor registers are dust' catchers and
often the carpet or rug roust be turn-
ed back to avoid them. -
Steam and hot water plants do not
give heat so quickly as hot air, and
cost more to install. They are usu-
allyconsidered to be cleaner, however,
and to give a more constant heat once
the fire is going. Hot water is said
to give off heat with a lower fire than
will steam.
For your woodwork and floors, of
course, you would like oak. But of
late oak prices have been so high as
to make them almost prohibitive.
There are ivany other woods which
are durable, and while they do not
finish quite so satisfactorily as oak,
owing to its beautiful. grain; may be
stained, or coated with white enamel.
For floors maple is very durable.
Birch is chosen frequently for rooms
to be finished in white enamel. White
enamel woodwork for sleeping roams,
with mahogany doors, are always
good. Mahogany and white stairway
are always attractive, if other finish-
ings correspond.
Floors and woodwork may be either-
varnished
ithervarnished or waxed. Wax is more
satisfactory in ninny ways as it does
not show marks quickly, and its
beauty grows with its age. It is
easileetaken care of. Whatever finish
is first applied can not .be changed
satisfactorily, so make up your mind
to one or the other. Floirs once
varnished must always' be <varnished
in future when repairing needs to be.
done, and floors waxed must always
have wax. You can not apply a coat
of either finish over the other with
satisfactory results.
none is better than carrots, which are
especially good for breeding does.
They seem to create a liberal flow of
milk .and impart a fine glossy appear-
ance to the coat. In England breed-
ers place great value on parsnips, and
there is no reason why they should
not be fed freely here. It is an ex-
cellent plan to grow rutabagas and
other turnips, for they can be stored
in the cellar in the winter and fed out
as needed. Wilting can be avoided to
a large extent by packing the vege-
tables in boxes of sand. If sand is
not available, substitute auttunn
leaver.
Green food should not be given
when wet, and yet rabbits, which run
in yards or have their liberty, eat wet
grass with impunity. Apparently, it
is the sudden change from dry foods
to those which are wet which causes
trouble. It may be that the cause of
the trouble is really more often the
use of moldy greens. If wet hay or
vegetable tops are left for even a
short time, they soon begin to heat,
and are not then in a proper condition
for rabbits.
A great deal has appeared of late
about the valvae of rabbit furs. Yet
it is not wise to bank on any great
profit from this course, as only the
winter pelts are valuable.
Filtered Rahn Water at
Country Schools.
There are countiess district schools
where no provision is made for drink-
ing water, save as it is carried by the
children to the schoolhouse from some
farm -home. Undoubtedly the cost of
drilling a well is responsible in most
instances for this condition.
The trustees of one rural school
have solved this problem in a safe
and comparatively inexpensive man-
ner by using the rain which falls upon •
the roof of the schoolhouse. The water
from both slopes is carried directly
to a large filter, filled with layers of
charcoal, sand and small pebbles.
From the filters the water makes its
way to a underground cistern which
is provided with a tight curb. In case
the cistern becomes filled, a damper
in the pipe above the filter permits the
roof water to be discharged through
another pipe.
Water from this cistern was used
for two days in tnidstunmer by the
writer of this article who used the
school yard for a temporary camping"
spot. Though school had not been in
session for several weeks, he found
the water sweet and .palatable. It was
quite dark in cotior but bore no evi-
dence of staleness. Neither sediment
nor foreign substances were distin
guishable. Moreover, the water a is
as cold as spring water, and not in
the least bit hard.
Linoleum, a preparation of ground
cork and linseed oil, was invented in
1860.
•
Ship your lot to ourselves and
receive immediate cash payment
and the highest market price.
We will treat you right.
Wm. Stone Sons, Limited
WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO
Established 1870
i`illlll! iIllrutl•.
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