HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1926-09-02, Page 2THE STORY OF TBE NEEDLE
It impossible. to state positively cal art, for the manufacture of needloe.
When needles were first used. 'Phe l C'harlec R. Gibson, iu his acuaiuut of.
historians do not agree ou this point, i the eutotuatic uescjio-ntaker, says:.
It was way back in the dim past, how- I "We find great • reels, of steel wire
ever,; for stone needles have been from which the sewing -Machine need-:
found, remnants, probably, of the les eve to be made. The wire ie fed.'.
Stone Age, which had a hole le the op- luta the machine which straightens it I
1 posite end from the point. The very , anti cuts off one inch at a tame, while'
I earliest needles did not have holes in a *tittle metal aria with two flng•ere ;
i them at all, They were used like awls' catches the little bits and places theiei I
1
1 to make holes, through which the in a miniature rolling -mill. The one-
1 tread was drawn or pused. I incl' wire is rolled out to about 1%.
1 Metal -eyed needles were made with lathes, leaving at one end a small
1a stamping machine, during the early shank of the original thickness of the
jkr part of the eighteenth century, and. wire. These pieces are then pulled out
then finished by hand. They were not of the rolling mill by tbe little fingers,
made entirely by machlne until some
which deposit them in the collecting
50 years later. i box.
"Tile next proeees is to cut a groove
Soto steel wire, cut into lengths of Ifor the thread on both sides of the
about 8fleet, is used to make the or ! needle, so the little rolled pieces are
Binary eeWing needle. The wire is handed over in bulk to the grooving
coiled in such a manner that there are ; machine. This machine feeds the
exactly 100 pieces in each half of the pieces forward one at a time toward
coil when cut. a little arm, which closes its two fin -
These bundles of 100 wires are then
out again to the length of two needles, gore upon the slianitod end of the
During the calling process the wire j needle and lifts it over to a. pair of cut -
becomes somewhat curved, and it must ;
ters. While these cutters are makingbe made exactly straight. This the groove, the little arm has returned
straightening Is den.e by making the to fetch a second needle, and while it
abort lengths of wire into bundles and is: doing so a second pair of fingers
placing them In two iron rings, which takes hold of the first piece and lifts it
hold them loosely together. The -next out of the cutters, placing it upon a
sloping tray, and releasln:g its fingers
step i to soften them by beat until
they t r , red, and then put them u tea sea that the needles roll down into a
collecting box.
an in aJ plate. There they are rolled "These partly formed needles are
back rel forth, by means eta carved
now handed over to the slabbing ma-
bar wlee e his called a. smooth file, until chine, in which there are no less than
they :: c thea then which
straight. The eight grindstones, against each of
anedles are taken to a grindstone the shank of the needle is press -
and both endo of the wire are pointed. ed in turn till the Rat slab is completed.
A Splendid Machine. After this, the needles are entrusted
Two grooves are then stamped on to the machine that puts thepolnte on
each side of the wire, by means of a them, and the needles are kept revoly-
die and counterdie, The needles ars ing during tis grinding prooess.
pierced under a press with two holes, I "It •till remains to pierce the little
which make the eyes, and then cut in eye in the groove near the point, The
two. Being still in the rough, they have needles are fed along by a spiral
to be polished and tempered, and then • screw, so that they ile• side by -side at
their heads must grow into shape. I a little distance from each other.
All the processes which a needle The first difficulty is that the machine
'Hunt pass through until it has reached ' must not merely pierce a hole in the
its finished state are now done by ma-' naedie, but this eye must be through
cbinery. An enormous quantity can:
from one groove to the other. The
be turned out in a day. I needle is caught by a pair of fingers,
Needles for use in machines, suoh-(which turn it around, so that it lies
as . the ordinary sewing machine, and i with the grooves in their proper posi-
for coarser work, are made by a pro- tion. A second pair of fingers place
cess similar to that of the hand -sewing ' the needle absolutely straight, so that
needle. A special machine was in- the hole is pierced exactly where it is
vented, which is a marvel of mechani- required.
The Town of Violins. The Deer.
Lombardy, where the silver poplars One without looks in tonight
grow and music Is in the air . . . and IThrough the curtain -chink
the yellow sunlight falls 'upon you,— From the sheet of glistening white;
in Lombardy, fabled and sung by a 1 One without looks la to -night
thousandpraising tongues, — there l As we sit and think,
brooded and hummed, worked and I By the,fender-brink.
dreamed, a busy thriving town four
centuries ago,—the Town of. Violins. We do not discern those eyes.
Its came was Cremona, and the Heart • Watching in the snow;
of Music was the heart of the world Lit by lamps of rosy dyes
to the men who worked there. . . We do not discern those eyes
On one side was the River Oglio, on Wondering aglow,
another ih•e Adda; on the south the Po Fourfooled, tiptoe.
ewept by, blue -purple under the warm—Thouaaa Hardy.
sky, running down, down, down to
where the Adriatic waited for it. On ,
the other side of the Po were Parma
and Piacenza, dreaming the year
;may; one could erase over by a bridge
if one liked. . . .
It was very old., this Town of Viol-
ins, and its name, . . . from the
Greek, meant "Alone upon a rock." . .
A very pretty, happy Italian city it
was, with . . . golden light splashed
upon roof and street, the music I In, that small area he saw seventy -
of children's voices, and magical south- three different kinds of mammals, In
ern skies RItering through This the whole of New York tate-1b0,000
from the year 1620 was the world's
centre of violin -making. the Town of times larger = there are only 811
Violins.—Anna Alice Chaplin, in "Tho l He found also that the various birds
Heart of Music:' !were more numearoiis than in the Bre
In Nature's Backyard!
The amount of life found to exist in
a quarter of a square mile of tropical
jungle at leartabo, British Guiona, is
almost incredible. In one hour Mr.
William Beebe, a naturalist, jotted
down two bundred and forty-six obeer-
vations on five 'hundred and thirty-six
living animals.
Columbus's Maps to Be bold,
tish Isles, there being four hundred and:
sixty-four distinct species, By digging
The purchase of a collection of up a square yard of soil he came stress
manuscripts, maps and documents a thattseud different forms of insect
which onco belonged to Clhrietopher life.
Columbus has been sanctioned by a
royal decree of the Spanish Govern-
hent, according to "The Dearborn In-
dependent." They were in tbe pos-
session of,the Duke of Veragu, a direct
descendant of Columbus.
This douse mass of life --ranging
from any insect -eating bats to the
huge cow Tike tapir weighing huudreda
of pounds—is the result of ages ot
evolution, as is also the prolific vege-
tation that ec mprises the jungle itself,
FINER THAN A SPLIT HAIR
A surveyor's steel band tape 100 feet frontage often reaches a value of see-
in
ewin length can be measured with an er- eral thousand dollars a foot.
I The standard Tulsa of the Topogre-
mr not exceeding one one -thousandth ; phlcat Survey for oalihratlilg measures
of an -inch. This is an interesting fact of length are kept at the Physical
mentioned in a recent report of the Testing Laboratory. There is equip -
Physical Testing Laboratory of the anent here for determining lengths to
Torpographieal Survey, at Ottawa. 'the .finest limits of accuracy. While
How is this dons and what is the under observation the rules .'re kept
In a bath of distilled water to ensure
purpose of such. accurate measure- uniform temperature and measure-
ments, the layman may
ask, The tines- events are made with the aid of special
tion can best be answered by consider- high-power uticroscopes^ In order to
ing the origin of some of the stand-; avoid neeti�pileatioe cf error in eat.
nerds of length of the past and itna;gin tending the tent' measure • over the
ing the diMcelties that would result; iongee or 100 fest, %measurements of,
were ,euryeyors 9n C n-1da to survey i the single unit may be made' to an ac -
"valuable city,, cote wih the statutory' curacy of one fifty thousandth of an
units of length of.eariier times. j inch.
Perhaps the most curious of these i t)ominit n Land Surveyors are rot
old standards• was the Inch in the'relgn ; quired by tat.uie to htive a el eel band .
Of Henry T1!. of England. In 1224 the t tape, of which the length has been da
rule was laid down that three barley- terminad, • A certificate Is supplied by
corns equal . one inch. The barley- the Physical Testing Laboratory tor
corns Were to be dry .and wore to be each tape tested. This tape must, In
taken from the middle of the ear and (tach tele,, be handled with oare and
th t 2din lea a end. qual one focontinued eet to ►r of altering io eccoent tsdfor i .lengthd work fot
by getting
q �
equal one ell or ultra; 6.. ulna equal bent or twisted, With this tape the
one Perch; 40 perches• loiig and 4 in sttrv'eyor check* his hissed • tapes from
breadth equal one arse. The taeaituro- time to time, It le therefore ri :essa'ty
meat of land therefore depended on lit these days of very high :land values
the tundan5•eiital unit of. a barleycorn, that his fundaineatal'hilt et length be
(line can readily see the tttultliitieatloza known with a high degree of accuracy
^cf error which Meet result in the 'thee- and 'the 'seting of tapes he therefore
aurerneft el! laed end the trouble:'it site ot` the lmport*nt firnations of the
'cud eatitee in this ago where Citi'' lal .>rat+ iy4�`
ST. DUNSTAN'S CHUSCH, STEPNEY, LONDON
In which all tuarriages: erfarmed at sea are registered, the certificates being
sant there by the Oaitain or chaplain of the'vessel. Marriages at sea in
United States vessels have just been declared illegal_
In 1641. • 1 The Fireflies.
ONE
WINDING ROAD
One feelrs It meet be winding still, little columbine an a corner, and run)
that little react. That is an interesting nt"g a rase with the spreading golden-
thing about roads, like the brooks they rod and purple aetev6, and silken inlllrt
seem to go on forever, As the wind weed; On the other side, the old stone)
sings .along with thein they seem to be , wall hobbles along, tumbling down in.i
saying: "We are going—we are going differently at • various stages, peepingg
--and you can't guess where." Title . out here and therefrom behind elders
element of mystery is one of the and blackberry Voiles, the ruggedness;
charms of the coed. It starts from no-; of its surface softened gracefully with
body -knows -where, and when one i a mantle of clematis. Now and again
chances upon It, it has been going for old apple trees lean over its friendly,
nobody -knows -how -long. 'stretches. -
This one bee hardly gone a quarter i Occasionally, in open spaces first on
of a mile from the forks when it eude • ono side and the on the other, quiet,
denly seems to .end"in an old green well gray -dimmed farmhouses beckon one
running across its path, with waving to enter. At the top of a hill, where,
green grass stretching beyond, dotted the road sseme to meet the city,y, onei
all over with tilting white daisies. ! discovers in the hollow below, snug -
When ,one reaches this elbow of green •.gl•ed into a bend, an old sawmill set
meadows, sparkling with the gold' against a partially denuded wood with
faces of buttercups and wild mustard , stumps moss -grown and crumbling
and marigolds, he finds a brook scurry-, away; with underbrush and logs 'Meg-
ing across• Its pebbly bed to the old ling in lazy confusion over the brown
stone wall which stretches away up loam. Long strings of moss trail over
the hill, dividing the playground of the the ancient wheel, and ane diecevers
deletes from that of the buttercups. again the little brook which so harm -
Then all of a sudden one discovers, the lessly raced across the meadow con
road again, stretching away to the left, Her, now quite noisily but futilely
flecked with purplish shadows going scampering along, trying, perchance,
and coming, playing hide-and-seek to waken again the echoes of the time
from one side to the' other, until they when the wheel turned surely at its'
are lost in the haze of the two high bidding. Then, as if refusing to worn;
hills that meet the blue in the vista at this lack of •response, it gurgles
ahead. along over its pebbly bed, ,growing•
A meandering rail fence, nonehal- quieter and quieter until it slips hen
antly let iiing against the green banks neath an old atone wall into the cool'
for support here and.there, its mellow, woods beyond. • -•
purplish -gray rails colorful with ripen- As one tarries there in the peace
ing lichen beneath the patches of wil- and quietude, the little road runs.
low and birch, straggles along one side steadily an, losing itself in a far-off
of the road. It is hobnobbing with the point where it meets the blue. And h
high timothy and clover in the pasture one's thought it is still going—to that'
beyond, gallantly supporting a gay somewhere -one -wonders -where.
Folding the Flocks.
Shepherds all, and 1Vlaidsens fair,
Fold your Flocks up; for the Air
'Gius to thicken, and the Sun
Already his great course hath run.
See the Dew -drops how they kiss
Every little Flower that is:
Flanging on their Velvet Heads,
Like a Rope of Cristal Beads.
Let one Eye his watches -keep,
While the other Eye doth sleep;.
So shall you good Shepherds prove
And deserve your Master's love.
Now, good night! may Sweetest Slum-
bers
And soft Silence fail in numbers
On youe Eye -lids': So, farewell;
Thus I end my Evening knell.
—John Fletcher.
Living Costs Drive
Workers to Fares
The "back to the land" movement
is receiving an unexpected stimulus
from the continually soaring cost of
living. In the agricultural regions of
Central France there has been such an
invasion of factory hands to get jobs
on. the land that many regular farm
workers have found themselves With -
I do hear them say often some men When flrefiys light the mystic garden out employment.
are not witty, because they are not , • spaces, On. the other hand, local labor bur -
everywhere' witty ; than which nothing And heavy -headed roses whitely cat's are having the greatest difficulty
is more foolish. It an eye or a nose ' gleam, in supplying manufacturers with un- -- be an excellent part in the face When leaves are softly stirring in the skilled labor, because workers in this j —the solid ground of reason. HIS,
category, in consequence of the high! soul and hia song
are hi the blue
(should we) therefore be all eye or shadows, heavens—the free, untrammelled, 1s -
nose? I t}tiuk the eyebrow, the faro ; Then lewd and cleat It sings, the hid -
'
cost of living, are finding it more ad -
spiting mug air af hope and jay ell heart.
head, the cheek, chin, Hp or any part' den stream. vautageous to seek employment on p
farms where food and lodging are as- expression. The poet puts his finger
else are as necessary and natural in unerringly upon the just balance of life
the place. But now nothing is good w'h'en firefites swing their }eaters, I cured to them. ,
that is natural; right and natural long- must follow, ----.-. — when he says that the skylark is a ;
nage ;Mere to have least of the writ in Be it through dewy fields or orchard "Freezing" to Kiln Cancer. Type of the wise, who soar but never
this to write ,,,. away, A German scientist has devised a roam.
True to the kindred points of heaven
and home.
Heart and Head.
In this mechanical and scientific age:
we are apt to set undue store upon
things that can be expressed in horse- i
power, and to forget the things that,
can only be expressed by heart -beats.)
Yet it is still true that an ounce of sen-
timent is a greater force than tons of!
T.N.T., a more subtle persuader titan!
reams of arid argument and faultless
logic.
The things that are, in Tennyson's
phrase, "icily regular" are just as
"splendidly null:"
The truth is that we want more
heart in everything—home, pol}tic',
business, even religion. The bard face'
is the vicious product of :a hard heart,
unsoftened by sympathy. It sounds 1
trite and "Victorian' 'to say that `'kind:
hearts are more than coronets," yet it!
remains true for all Re triteness. The'
path of true conquest always lies
through the heart.
It is balance we need. Ws sometimes
say of a girl in love. deprecatingly,
that she followed her heart rather than
her head. The instinct is right,. Whet
is wrong is the lack of the right co-onsl
dination between the two. ,
Wordsworth has a fine couplet, one
of the nios't beautiful in our great,
poetic literature, in his Ode to a Sky-,
lark, The bird's nest is on the ground
gentIeman.----Ben Johnson, In "Tim-
ber."
Who Was Cheated?
Ike ---"Say. Mike, how many pails of
cement did you carry up the lathier this
afternnon?"
t, Mike — "Sh---ah---•I'm settiu' even
With the boss; I've been carryin' the
same one up and down alI %lay.
Again a little child, I thrill with rap- method which he claims will cure lep-
ture, , rosy. It consists of "freezing" the tile -
And joyous take the path to yeater- I eased tissues with carbolic acid
day, I "snow."
Alit Thorn.
An Accommodating Lake. o King's Color for Navy.
There is a lake In Alaska where it; For the first time In the history of
is possible to get a bath at any de-' the senior service, the king's color was
sired temperature, merely by swim- recently delivered to the navy at the
ming about a few strokes^ naval barracks, Portsmouth.
AD.A.MSON' S ADVENTURES
say
f, illi, Uy The B&J. 9 mt0cdti,, ti,a.
Watch the Nail.
0
Thus it seems to me that the true'
end of education is to make men and"
women who are good to live with.
Whilst they are efficient, dlecipllned,
orderly, capable, they are also "pil-
grims of eternity," filled with. the soy
ons sense of emancipation from the
f
oold calculations of the brain.
In short, the path through the brain,
Leads to pessimism; the path through,
the heart to optimism. There is a
Middle road between heart and head,
and it leads to the laud where reason
and affection reign "like kings of
Brantford on one throne."
—
Tallow From Trees.- • .. -"`
In South America we fincl: a milk tree,
fruit tree, the fruit of which has the
Mate ot •cream and is very agreeable
to the palate. In Ceylon there is a
breed -fruit tree, from whish a typo of
bread is tna•de. It is said, to compare
favorably with the ordinary article.
In oath America we find a milk tree,
and a tree that grows in Remain is
known as the vegetable tallow tree.
Probably the Eskimos would like to
get this to grow in the Arciie regions,
for tate early Arct•:c explorers bad a
task to keep these people from devour.
leg al'l their candles as dessert after
meals.
Excellent candles are made from the
harries of another tree written grows in
South Africa. anti ,the. Azores.
Fi'om "To a Skylark."
Sound of vernal showers
On the twinkling grass,
Reinuwakene•d flowers,
All that, over was
:layette, and clear, and fresh, thy n111310
cloth atirpass.
---Shelley,
Looked That Way.
There had been an addition 1.0 the
family, and the big enter,. aged eight,
was telling the groat news to a group
of neighboring children.
"I've got a new baby brother," she
said.
They reeeived the news with gratify-
ing intei'eJt,'turd one of them Asked:
"Ts be going to stay?"
"I think so," salt/ cis sister, "Hen
got his things
Arid
The
the roots
using his
lions of y
Probabl
step in th
viewpoint
itite ocean
land.
, Ail life
Man is ju
water as is
Without
!gest our f
of breaths_
'dissolved i.
before we
Creature
absorb the
The fish
gills. The
,through wh
water is al
into the bI
There ha
vasions of
water in th
The first
life. Certa
near the she
'when the ti
At first 1
plants deve
skins whic
more tnoi.stu
thus to exit
the ocean.
Animals ft
dus of the s
Some of th
about the o
SLJMM
No season
,sits to the lif
summer. Th
.the little sto
quickly that
hand, the b
• human help b
he Is ill. Sun
!diarrhoea, cho
!,and colic are
these troubles
''promptly treat
the mothers' b
Tablets, The
sweeten the s
wealthy. Th,
nedicine deale
i box from The
•1o„ Brockville,
1 Holland has
atihina there. is
' gweden a tow'