HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1926-02-04, Page 3SIE SURVEYS 3000 YEARS OLD
BY G. N. RUHNKe, DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY, O.A.C.
Two thousand years before the
birth of Christ, the soil was recogniz-
ed as -"the foundation of agriculture,"
and an organized study made of its
nature and properties,;
According to early Chinese records,
which are said to be .authentic, in the
Yao dynasty, from 2357 B.C. to 2261
B,C., certain parts of that , country
were so thickly sett' -ed that the em-
peror directed that there be made
what was probably the first soil sur-
vey in which there were established i
nine types of soil.
Ther were the yellow and mellow
soils of Yung Chow, which formed the
first ekes and the rich red clayey song
of Su Chow, which were put into the
second class.
The third Blass comprised the whit -1
ish and rich salty soils of Tsing Chow,
while in the fourth class were placed
the mellow, rich, dark and thin soils
of Yu Chow.
In the fifth class were the whitish '
and mellow soilsof Ki Chow, in the
sixth class the bladkish and rich soils
of Yen Chow, and in the seventh class
the greenish and light soils of Liang
Chow.
The miry soils of King Chow and
the miry soils of Kiangsu, were in the
ninth class,
On this classification were establish-
ed"•the size of the . holdings of each
farrier, the amount of taxes payable
to the state, and the "system of educe -
tion rcgardings agricultural methods
and procedure, •
The Unite' States, to the south of
us, has . been promoting soil surveys
for tvrenty=five years or more, and
has made .excellent progress in the
classification of her soils, and ., the--
utilization
he"utilization of • this information. The
soleness of the soil survey has develop-
ed wonderfully in that time and a vast
amount of• data has been collected,
Farmers are apt to' remark .. upon the.
wonderful advance being, made in the
study of the soil, bat when we realize
we are merely, beginning where olden keesegeees--...ws.see
nations let off thousands of years
ago, we have a long way to go.
In 1914 the work of surveying soils
was first begun in S. W. Ontario and
in 1922 a complete report with map
was ready for publication. This bul-
letin number 298, Preliminary Soli
Survey of Southwestern Ontario,
contains a complete account of the
formation of our soils, a description of
the different sails, and their proper-
ties while an accompanying map
shows their extent and distribution.
This publication is unique in that it
is the only complete treatise ever pub-
lished on soil conditions in south west-
ern Ontario. A'copy may be obtained
free, by writing the Dept. of Agricul-
ture, Toronto.
griculture,-Toronto.
Removing Old Canes. + Eggs for the Hatchery.
We are often asked, "When is the
best time to remove the old canes
from the berry patch?". The practice
seems to vary in different•sections and
with individual growers. Some' re-
move the canes as soon -as the fruit is
harvested; others leave them until the
ground is frozen in the fall or until
the following spring; and occasionally
we find ane who never attempts to
remove them.
Except in the case of the latter all
have some good arguments in their
favor. Iii northern sections where
there is a heavy snowfall or in places
where there is likelihood of high winds
the old canes act as a support for the
new and thus prevent considerable
damage from breaking over which
might otherwise occur. In the case of
the black raspberry the old canes can
be removed without disturbing the
root system much better when the
ground is frozen. This is particularly
true when the plants are grown on
dight sandy soils.
From the standpoint of disease and
insect control it is muchbetter.to re-
move the old canes as soon as possible
after harvest. ' Cane blight and crown
gall, two of the most common and the
most serious diseases of the raspberry,
are typical! "wound diseases." That is,
they gain .entrance into the tissues of
the plant elargely through wound's
made by insects, tillage implements or
in other ways. Undoubtedly many
abrasions occurthrough contact of
the new shoots with the stiff prickles
of the old canes which are left.. -
The possibility of at least partial
control of cane blight and crown gall
alone 'should be sufficientargument
for the prompt removal of all old
canes after harvest. Furthermore,
there is good reason to believe that the
old canes act as parasites on the new
shoots as long as they remain alive in
the plantation.
Butter Making on the Farm.
Dairy farmers who have no cream-
ery or cheese factory near enough to
be available to them "will find a new
bulletin on butter making on the farm,
just issued by the Dept. of Agricul-
ture at Ottawa, of great interest. This
bulj-etin gives detailed instructions for
the production of high class butter on
the .farm. It is pointed out that much
of the butter produced on the farm is
of inferior quality. The main defects
as compared with creamery butter are
staleness, bad flavor, rancidity, too
many shades of color, and the fact
that it is often placed an the market
in packages that are neither attrac-
tive nor convenient to handle. The
annual loss to the farmers of Canada
as represented by . the difference in
value -of farm dairy butter and cream-
ery butter amounts, it is stated, to
several million dollars per year.
The bulletin, which was prepared by
the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch
and is distributed free by the Publi-
,c•ations Branch of the Department,
emphasizes the observance of a num-
ber of rules as being necessary if the
best results are to be obtained in_farm
dairy work. Only good cows should
be kept and they should be fed liber-
ally sand kept comfortable and clean
when in the stable. Cream should be
skimmed of such richness that it Will
show in testing about 30 per cent. of
butter fat. It should be cooled to
' under 60 deg. Fahrenheit and kept
cool until about twelve hours before
churning. The churning should 'be
completed in .from twenty-five to
thirty minutes. For washing• the but-
ter clean, :pure water, not varying
more than three degrees from the
temperature of the buttermilk, should
be used, finally the butter should be
put up in neat, clean and attractive
packages.
Far a change when cooking pork or
mutton chops, trim away all fat and
bone, dip in egg end roll in bread or
cracker crumbs, Fry in deep fat (like
doughnuts) and when nicely browned
drain, and'serve hot with minced pare-
ley or esteem pepper and chopped pi-
Menlo
i-MMento sprinkled inkledd on top,
In many sections of the country
there are baby -chick hatcheries that
depend upon farm flocks for their egg
supply. These 'afford a splendid mar-
. ket through a fairy long season for
farmers and others who have well-
bred flocks.
As time goes on the•hatcheries that
, are looking for permanent business
• are becoming mare and more critical
l_of the -flocks Irons which they secure
eggs. This is always in the interest
of producing the best possible kind of
chick.
The supply of really suitable hatch-
ing
atching eggs is quite inadequate, so the
owner of high-quality stock should
havet little difficulty in arranging a
satisfactory connection even though
it may be necessary to ship his eggs
'by express or parcel post in order to
get them to the hatchery.
Get in teuch with the hatchery oper-
ators Located near you and find out ex-
actly what they want. If you • can
meet their requirements you will find
them ready to meet you more than
halfway, and the premium of ten cents
:or more a dozen over prevailing mar-.
feet egg prices during the hatching
season is well worth working for.
! To get the highest prices for eggs
sold in this manner some grading and
sorting must be done. The eggs must
also be delivered regularly and,
promptly. It is well for the producer
Of such eggs to remember that the
chicks that hatch from them will very
likelygo to make up some other farm
flock.. Delivering good eggs, there-
, fore, helps the other fellow as well as
the first flock owner. •
Shrinkage of Cattle En Route.
The Superintendent (Mr. W. H.
Fairfield, of the Lethbridge, Alta.,
Dominion Experimental Station, has
been keeping tab on the shrinking of
cattle in rail and ocean shipping. He
records in his report for 1924 that fat
battle lose more than thinner cattle;
that the short -keeps lost 38 lbs. per
steer from Lethbridge to Moose Jaw
or 2.9 Per cent.; that from Lethbridge
to Winnipeg the loss per steer was 43
lbs., or 3.3 per cent. and from Leth-
bridge to Montreal 88 lbs. or 6.7 per
cent., while on feeders the loss from
Lethbridge to Moose Jaw was 28 lbs.
per head, or 2.2 per cent., from Leth-
bridge to Winnipeg 26 lbs. or 2.1 per
Dent., and from Lethbridge to Mon-
treal 68 lbs. per head or 5.4 per cent.
During ocean travel the loss was very
light. The short -keeps lost 36 lbs. per
head or 2.8 per cent, on the ocean and
the feeders 30 lbs. per head or 2.4
per cent. The former sold in England
at a total loss in weight of 98 lbs. per
head, or 7.5 per cent., and the latter
at a loss of 73 lbs, per head or 5.8
per cent..
Mr. Fairfield points out that when
it is considered that it is customary to
sept cattle in Canada for so much per
hundred based, on farm weights, less
3 per cent, shrink, the shrink for
which the aniinals sold for in England
was only 4.5 per cent. greater than
this en the' shortkeepa and 2.8 per
cent. on the feeders.
Keeping Down Harness
Expenses.
A little care adds much to the ser-
vice of a harness. The dirt that col-
lects on the leather shortens its life.
I have formed the habit of keeping
mine clean. .A damp cloth, or sponge,
will readi:y remove the ordinary dirt\
that collects. A light application of
oil once a month for new harnesses,
and about three times a year for old
ones, goes far in keeping them in good
condition ,and pliable, The oil keeps
out moisture and protects the leather
filen rotting. A cool, dry place is
best for storing harnesses. Drying
the leather out slowly When wet, is
also good practice. -R. D.
The winter months prove, ' more
than does the summer time, what
manageeriai ability a farmer has.
DISCOVERER OF FAMOU,g ROUYN GOLD FIELDS
It's tho search rather VQia,n the fid that is the glorious thing, believes
Ela, IIIorne,.New Ir`i ierear'd prespector, discoverer of the eainons' Rouyn gold
Melee. After 17 lean yearns of prospecting through Labrador, Ontario and
Quebec, Mr. Harn•e'e judgment led• to she Rouyn fi•na, 'With his partner, Eki.
Miller, financed by a group of New. Liskeard man to the extent of $5,000,
11Ir. Horne seccoeded le : finding the Rouyn vein. It was love of the weeds
and so) elides, and life in the open, rather than the lust for gold that inspired
hie eZorts, Ed. Horne says• -a statement borne out by the fact that even now,
when comfortably well off, he still spends much of hips time in the open.
IN O ARITHMETIC I D
BY M. P " HANDY.
Arithmetic, he would have told you, • other habitations in the town, it was
was the worry of Rob Henry's life, quite a stately dwelling, being a double
His other studies were, as -.a rule, easy tog -cabin, with a loft above each part.
enough -perhaps because he found A rudely -fashioned table was set for
them more interesting, and so liked dinner in one of the rooms, and in
them better -and he stood well in his this room were the wife and children
&asses; but in arithmetic he was al of the little man. They were an as
ways foot, and, at twelve years old, queerly dressed as he was, in clothes
was stuck fast in the multiplication that were made wtihout the least ef-
table, which could not be persuaded fort at regularity.
to stick fast to him. "I suppose," thought Rob, "it is be-
cause they have no tape -line or yard-
stick, and so cannot measure. Dear nie,
I He had been. kept in one afternoon,
iov-er a long sum in fractions, and came
home late, to find a cold dinner and who would have thought that •arith-
his mother out. fnetic was so necessary to the comforts
Indeed, a cold dinner was always of „life?"
part of the penalty for being kept in. They sat down to table en benches
School was out at half -past two, and
the dinner hour being three; allowed
plenty of time for Rob to be punctual,
so Mrs. Henry never suffered dinner
to be kept hot for him.
This day, cold mutton and cold po-'
tatoes, with cold batter -pudding, were
not inviting to even a hungry boy, and
Rob went up to the sitting -room thor-
oughly out of, humor.
He threw himself down on the table`
and himself on the lunge.
"I hate arithmetic," he said: "I wish
and stools and a singular meal it was.
Fruits and vegetables were plenty, and
there was tea, made in an earthen jar.
But there was no' bread, only hominy
and thick'molasses, instead of sugar.
"We have no bread to offer you,"
said the host. "Only those few of us
who have traveled have ever seen it.
We can have no millsto grind our
corn, as nobody can build then with-
out machinery and many calculations.
Bob stared, but helped himself to
the hominy in silence. When his tea
there was no such thing in the world'.", was handed him, he meekly asked for
"Good -morning!" the sugar.
said a strange ' "I do not understand you," said the
voice at his elbow. ' • 'lady, but her husband carne to her -
He Looked round, and there stood : assistance.
ttue `oddest -looking little man he'live ewe have none here" he said: "This
Syrup is the nearest
ever seen. It was not himself, ,but : '
his dress that was so queer. One sleeve approach:we can
Make to it. But then this is an that
was long and the other short; the legs is needed -something to sweeten the
of his trousers were not matches, and tea. Think of the freedom we enjoy!
his coat looked more like a bag than No -multiplication -table, no hard sums,
a coat. no fractions!"
"Would you like to take a walk?"
said this queer little roan.
"Walk? Where?" asked Rob, rub-
bing his eyes, please tell me what o'clock it is?
There was no sitting -room, no The 'whole family looked aghast,
lounge, no table near. Instead, he and the host whispered anxiously:
was lying on the ground, just outside "For pity's sake, my young friend,
of what seemed to be a town of 'some speak lower! Such a question is for -
sort.. bidden by law, and there may be spies
"Where am T?"
as No„ under the window!"
Oh, this is Arithmetic Land! "But," said Rob, "have you no
answered his companion. "We have means of telling the time of day? How
no mathematics in this country, and do you manage?"
everybody is forbidden by law to count "Oh, that is easy enough!" answer -
more than ten. Corrie) let the show ed the little man. "We have day -
you our city." break and sunrise; n when the
shadows fall directly under us, and
sunset. What more do we want?"
"Oh!" said Rob, not knowing what
else to say..
"Yes, sir," answered Rob, who was
beginning to feel doubtful about the
blessings of such liberty. "Will you
City, indeed! Rob thought of the
tall, regularly -built houses at home,
the well laid -out blocks and smooth
pavements. This place was all a
jumble. "I have been thinking," said -the lit -
'The houses, if houses they could be tle'madi, "that perhaps it would be a
called, were of an sorts -wigwams, good thing for you and my eldest son
log -cabins, • cave -like dugouts in the to exchange 'places. He has a fond -
side of the hills, and brush shelters,
nese .for figures, and gives us much
'for all the world like those built for anxiety and trouble by his vice in that
the cattle on his uncles farm in the direction. Now you hate thein you
country. I say, so we will' send him back in your
"What funny -looking houses!" he place, and you can stay here lin his."
exclaimed, with more truth than po-1 He made this proposition with the
liteness. "What makes you build them air of a person conferring a great
so? Why don't you have them like favor. Rob was horrified
other people?" I"No, I thank you!" he cried.
The little man looked at him in , "What!" said the little man, making
astonishment. I a gunge at Rob, who fell from his
Pray, how could such houses as stool in ids effort to esc
you are used to be built without arith-1 Loi and behold! he was sprawling on
CONTESTS FOR THE PARTY
NOTED PERSONAGES,
The names given here are to be sup,
peed by the guests.
1. Masterful artist -Michael An-
gelo,
2. He made search -IL M. Stanley,
3.Terrible complainer -Thomas
Carlyle.
4. Noted words -Noah Webster..
5, Manic canfident:•y - Christopher
Columbus.
6, Best broadcloth -Beau Beumnlel,
7. Rabid iconoclast ---Robert Inger-
c'oa.
8. Beguiling traveller --- Bayard
Taylor.
9. England's bright bard -Elisabeth
Barrett Browning.
10. Recognised wisdom everywhere
-Ralph Waldo Emerson.
11. Joyous wondrous genius -Jo-
han W. Goethe.
12. Her books sell -=-Harriet Beecher
Stowe.
13. Always loyal -Abraham Lin-
coln.
14. Naturally belligerent -Napo-
leon Bonaparte.
15. Rustic bard -Robert Burns.
16. Wonderful sapience -William
'Shakespeare.
17. Feminine nobleness -Florence
Nightingale.
18. Opposed cavaliers -Oliver Crom-
well.
19 -Hard-working brother -Henry
W. Beecher.
20. Universally successful General
-Ulysses S. Grant.
21. Wit meets tenderness -W. M.
Thackeray.
22. Makes travesties -Mark Twain,
23. Brilliantly nonsensical -Bill
Nye.
24. Fighting whiskey - Frances
Willard.
25. Narrated horrors -Nathaniel
Hawthorne.
26. Left many admirers -Louisa
M. Alcott.
27. Attuned trumpeter - Alfred
Tennyson.
28. His works live -Henry W. Long-
fellow.
KITCHEN CONTEST.
What a good worman has and to
rent -Skillet.
A poet and a dog -Poe -cur.
A number of mountains. -Range.
Member of a baseball nine -Pitcher.
What men sometimes do with their
money -Sink (it).
The appearance of being ill -Pale.
What some curious people try to
do -Pump.
Impudence and a receptacle for pie
-Sauce-pan.
A football ground -Gridiron.
The branches of a river -Fork.
An affectionate couple -Spoons.
Only questions are written on cards
for guests, hint you should prepare two
i or three with answers ants0 for refer-
ence,
1, An amiable man.-•Nwee't°. Wi1'
Ilam.
I 2. The pulse of the business world
-Stocks.
8. A title for the sun -Morning-
glory.
4. A bird and a riding accessory
Larkspur.
5. A pillar of a building and •a'syl-
lable that rhymes with dine-Caitim,
bine.
6, A flower between Mauntains. -
Lily of ;the vanes',
7. A farewell sentiment, -Forget-
me-not,
8, A dude and an animals -Dande-
lion.
9. A part of the day. -Four o'cock.
10. The result of Cupid's arrows.--
Bleeding
rrows.-Bleeding heart.
11. The place for a kiss. -Tulips.
12. A yellow stick. -Golden rod.
13. A product of the dairy and •a
drinking utensil. -Buttercup.
14. One of the Four Hundred, -
Aster.
15. What Cinderella should have
advertised for. -Lady's slipper,.
16. A wild animal and a bit of out-
door wearing apparel,-Foxgiove.
17. A body of water and a girl's
name, -Pond
FASCINATING DOUBLES.
Each .question must be answered by
two words, each pronounced the same,
but spelt differently and with distinct,
different meanings.
1. I fell from the c' -duds and 1 con-
trol the action of horses. -Rain, rein.
2. I am part of a churei„n, 1 am also
surrounded by water. -Aisle, isle.
3. I am a sweet perfume and am
also under orders. -Scent, cent.
4. 1 work below ground and am
youthful. -Miner, minor.
5. I discharge balls and I am also
seen outside a theatre.-Gue, queue.
6. T am part of a foot, I am also
spiritual, -Sole, soul.
7. I am a road and T am also essen-
tial! for junket. -Way, whey.
8. 1 am inflicted on boys and I am
the product of insects. -Whacks, wax.
9. I am an article of attire and a
fierce wild creature. -Links, lynx.
10. I am a necessity in a house and
am also goodslooking.-Fare, fair.
11. I am 24 inches long and am a
skilful undertaking, -Feet, feat.
12. I am of high social rank hut
also of no value. -Baron, barren.
' 13. I ani a lady's garment and am
!responsible for a clear light --Mantle,
I mantel.
14. I represent an authoritative ae-
sembly and am also an advocate. -
Council, counsel.
FLOWERS.
uretic? How could you measure• the the sitting -room floor, and his mother DELIGHTFUL VERSION 0
doors and windows and calculate the was asking him
size of the rooms? Then the bricks "What is the matter Rob?"
nicker, Price of the book 10 cents the
copy.
IIOW TO ORDER PATTERNS.
Write your name and address plain-
ly, giving number and size of such
patterns as you want. Enclose 20c in
stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap
it carefully) for each number, and
address, your order to Pattern Dept.,
Wilson Publishing Co., 73 West Ade-
laide St., Toronto. Patterns sent by
return mail.
Did You Ever -
Drop a piece of butter into the meat
grinder before grinding raisins or
sticky substances? They don't stick,
Grease your cat: tins cod, and flour
them? They seldom, if ever, stick.
Weigh each layer of your cakes?
Then one is not larger than the other. :.•
Weigh all borrowed articles? Then
you are sure to return the full am-
ount (and add a little for good mea-
sure).
Turn the sharp point of your dough
in and put the cutter over it in cutting
biscuits? I have only a very little to
re -shape. I find this much quicker.
To -morrow is Another Day,
Sometimes when plans go all awry
And all the world seems sad and grey,
A sentence cheers my flagging zeal -
"To -morrow is another day."
Ah, comfort to my mind and soul,
' When al my hopes have gone astray
1 stili alba' have my 'chance again -
"To -morrow is another day,"
F THE ,
TWO-PIECE SPORTS FROCK.
would have to be counted, and I have "Oh Mother T have had such sr cur-
lew
Many points of interest centre in 1
already told you that it is against the lour dream! 1 have been in No Arith-'this sports frock. First, the material,
law to count more than ten!" ' nsetic Land, and I didn't like it a bit!" • leaf green and fawn tweed, is the1
"Oh!" said Rob. not!" I
I should think she said, when smartest thing for these essential cos -I
Just then they cane to a stand he was 'throw h "B' h I
g , "Bid
t e wonder is � mes, then there is the deep yoke
where some tempting -looking fruits that they had anvt:hing at ail -ho �n
1
What if today my courage failed
Or yesterday cote deli delay
Caused Inc to miss the goal 1 sought -
"To -morrow is another day."
To-morrow, all, the very word
illumines bright my troubled way,
Thank God for that fair !lope witbin--,
To -morrow is another day,"
-George Elliston..
were piled for sae.'Rob felt hungry they managed to •buy and sell or do •front and back from tv t c i ex en wo I ^ w
anything wttlwui; arithmetic!" box- at s. a Sleeves are g
"How much for this?" he asked. i of
„ "I - I
ered into- tight little wrist -bands
One piece, replied the vender. ` Feeding Grain in Definite ,
Rob took out life whore pocket -
1( contrasting-co:ar silk, this hai monk -
and took up a large red apple ! ' b l 't Th long1 ath
money, a silver half -dollar, and hand- Portions. 6 I nig note being used forthe convertible
ed it to him. To his surprise, the man ' To those who have not had ex peri. II collar and all around belt. It is ob-
i
r ivilus the skirt which is joined to a
coolly pocketed the money, and gave time, I might say that it taller more, ' by .ice_
ulna no change. time to feed each cow definite amounts rantisolo top, gets its fulness
"I want in change, lease" rena.on-1 of grain,than it does to throw it in
eating the box -plait of the over -
him
b ep ,
stratecl he, but the roan shook his any old w�.y. We have found that a 1 blouse. The blouse, No. 1272, is in
head,and his vide hurried Rob off. wart of corn meal weighs one saes 24, 36, 33, 40 and 42 inches bust,
"Hush!" " g , , 1 quart g justj Size 36 bust requires 2% yards 86-
Hush! he card, looking around, t0 and one-half pounds; that a quart of 1 � � , 54 -inch material.
see if any one had overheard. "No- coarse bran weighs a half pound, and; inch, of 1% yards 54 nch
No. 1266 is in sizes 341 36
body can make change here. Dids,1 the seine measure of oats, one and The skirt,
not tell you that we are forbidden to ons -fifth ounds. So the quart mea-. 38, 40 and 42 triches bust. Size 3f
y p t bust requires 1% yards 86 or ,40 -inch
count more than ten?" sure, and not the scales, is the thing r lining for
"But that was all the money I had," we use on ourgrain cart,as it is I material, with 1�!a yards rn g
Y r
said Rob, "and 1 am hungry!"wheeled down the feed aisle,-••
--D, the camisole top. Price 20 cents, each.
patterm
y
Book, illustrating batt.
Our Fashion .iycal styles,
rating
. Bens Can 1�a eggs will
s ori a corn�alono newest and most practi
prid'e, and, indeed,, compared to the t feed. They need •a balanced diet, ibe of interest to every home dress -
"Are you? All right, come in and
have dinner; thisis my house,"
The little man spoke with some
Fargo.
If your hired man shirked half the
time, you would discharge him,
wouldn't you? And yet, you keep two
hired servants, the gasoline engine. es
and the tractor, standing around a
good share of the time. Perhaps you.
get the wood sawed through the help -
of these servants, but that is abouteeet
all. Why not make the engine pump
water, cut ice, etc., and your tractor
run a feed -grinder'! A farmer I know
of is doing just that. He figures that
he saved enough in hued help this "'
fall to pay for a new ensilage -cutter.
Next year he will clear the debt oft'.
Then he will get a thresher. These �..
machines make a man almost indepees
dent of hired help.
New Welt city late more than 21,900
telephone operatoM