HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1925-09-17, Page 7DANGER SIGNAISIN T.RPOULTRY FLOGI
BY RALSTON R, IdANNAS.
A certain number of hens will die feet long, it may be advisable to build
an spite of., everything that can be a solid partition from front to back
done; some diseases pr troubles' will every twenty feet, breaking up drafts.
-occur that cannot be discovered'until It may be plug up eraskl
to necessary y er s.
too late. This normal mortality ani- in the side or rear walls of the house,
ounts to about 12 per cent, of the or repair leaky roofs.
entire .flock in a year. Birds will not lay if they are cold,
On many farms, however, the per- and if they are not living under pro-
tentage of mortality is much higher Per conditions colds and lowered vital-,
than this. ity may result:
Often in winter, especially in early
winter, before the birds have found
their laying stride, they will be in ex-
cellent condition and will look as
though they ought to be baying at a
50 per cent. rate, whenas a matter
of fact„ they will be laying only at a
10 or 12 per cent. Tate. It is at this
stage that they need a slight toning
up: ,
This may take the form of a wet
mash 'containing milk, fed once a day,
just about what they will clean up in
eggs apiece had they lived the entire about fifteen or, twenty minutes; or
year. However, as some died early they may be given milk alone; or a
and some late in. the year, we may tonic, such as has been suggested,
safely call the lost production 'five may be given for ten days.
dozen per bird. The wet mash, however, is the best
At an average price of thirty-five method, as . more of the dry mash is
teats per dozen—which is low for consumed by this method. The dry
some sections -the loss in eggs is 300 mash, of course, is kept before them
dozen, or $105. This .makes the total all the time in addition to giving then
loss $225, or forty-five cents per bird the wet mash.
on the basis of 500• birds, It is likely that many of us fail to
A higher death rate cuts deeper recognize the danger signal that ales'
into profits.. behind many of the so-called normal
There • is a further loss to consider deaths. Inspection of a number of the
in flocks when the rate of 'mortality birds still living may show that a
is above. normal. This is because a majority are in poorer condition than
disease or a combination of diseases was supposed.. It may show that the
may be present which.may'not cause individual or individuals that died
many more deaths but which niay so were weak ones and that the flock as
affect the birds as to lower production a whole is in good condition: But it
materially. This is especially true of is worth while to make this examine -
chicken pox, which causes an annual tion and either learn the worst or be
loss of $2,000,000 in one state eerie, reassured.
due largely to loss in egg production.
-There are various danger signals
which show that the, flock is not in
such good condition as it might be The best date for picking fruit
and that trouble threatens. • varies greatly with the fruit, with
First of all is underweight. If birds one's distance from the market and
die, their condition of flesh should be with the type of trade to which one
noted particularly. When found to caters. But there are some fairly
be'very thin or emaciated, the remain- important advantages in leaving the
der of the flock should be gone over, i'ruit on the trees just as long as pee -
or at least part of it, to gee if this Bible. The three most important ad -
emaciated condition was the result of vantages are that the fruit usually
the diseaseor trouble that affected increases very decidedly an color, in
the birds that died, or is an indica- quality and in size.
tion of the condition of the flock as .The last of these three, size, we
a 'who' -e. rarefy hear mentioned in discussions
Handling a number of the .birds, on this subject, and yet it is decidedly
noting especially the condition of the worthy of consideration. With early
flesh on the breastbone, will give a fruits in particular, where one is in
good idea of their health, for if a bird a hurry to get the stuff on the market
is out of condition in this respect She to catch the high price which is apt
is also' out of condition in other res- to prevail the first few days of the
Pets- • season, the temptation is very strong
This condition may be remedied by to pick early. Yet it_ is quite pos-
heavy feeding of grain. Itis unwise sible that inthis single item of in-
to feed so much grain that there w'i11 grease in size we might, by deferring
be a great deal left over on the floor our picking, gain in the added quarts
after each feeding. If, however, the or bushels far more than we, lost yin
birds will not eat more grain than the decline in price.
they have been accustomed to getting I recall the case of an apple grower
and we wish to induce a greater cone in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Sco
- sumption, a wet mash may be given, tia, who one season picked some of his
corn meal and semisolid buttermilk. Gravensteinafor an early shipment to
A dull and listless appearance is the English markets. He went over
another indication that something is all his trees; selecting the largest and •
wrong. This will generally •accom- best -developed specimens. He thought
pany underweight, though not al- he was doing quite a stroke of busi-
ways. Here again the trouble may nese in thus .getting on the market
beein the feeding. If the birds are early when the price was high.
in good flesh, overfeeding may be the There happened to be a half bar -
trouble. The quality of the .feed may rein of these early picked apples left
not be what it oughtato be—for in- over in the packing house, and when,
stance, if there are a good many hulls pater on, the balance of the Graven -
in the droppings, this may indicate steins were harvested at the normal
that the ground oats may contain too time, he was surprised to find that
'xis early stuff, though it looked fairly
good at the time it was harvested,
did not average more than half the
size of the fully matured apples.
In other words, he had cut that
part of his crop in two by picking
earay. And though he gained consid-
erably in . price, hie did not by any
means doub:e the price.
If we add to.this gain in quantity
the fact that we are almost certain to
get better color, and with most fruits
improvement in quality, the case is
fairly strong for deferring the har-
weaks, will help to bring the birds vast somewhat.
around again. it may be advisable to
give a tonic in the mash also, if the
birds are in good condition of flesh,
Let us' see bow this Loss runs into
money,' taking a normal mortality of
12 per cent. in a flock of 500. birds.
This means a loss of sixty birds in a
year—worth at least two dollars each
when they start laying. Often they
are worth mere, pedigreed birds much
- more. This means that $120 has been
lost in stock.
But these birds would have laid
• eggs had they lived. Let us suppose
that they would have laid ten dozen
Do Not Pick Fruit Too Soon.
many hullsand a good deal of food
s> is passing through the intestines to-
gether with the hulls.
WHEN A TONIC HELPS.
This latter trouble can easily be
remedied by getting finer ground oats
if possible, or eliminating them en-
tirely, substituting rolled oats in their
place. In this case, probably not the
same ,quantity of rolled oats need be
, used as of ground oats—perhaps one-
half, perhaps two-thirds.
A dose of Epsom salts, followed by
the use of a wet mash for a'couple of
On the ; ether hand, we must not
oveitopk the probable losses from
drops,' if we delay tco long, Thor the.
otherwise wait until sthey put on more certainty that if left till it is over
flesh beforegiving the tonic. ripe the fruit will arrive on the mar -
A good tonic is this one recommend- ket in bad condition. -F. S.
ed by Pearl, to be given at • the rate
. of two tablespoonfuls to tee quarts
of mash:.
One pound of powdered gentian,
one-half pound of pulverized iron sul
phate, one-quarter pound pulverized.
ginger, one-quarter pound pulverized
saltpeter.
Of course a number of mortalities
at one time indicates that something
is wrong somewhere. But don't wait
until the deaths occur to diagnose the
trouble. Try to -forestall it.
Frequently during the cold and raw
days of late fall and winter, the birds
will stand around- all httnch•ed up and
many will stay on the roosts,'giving
every indication of, being cold. In
this case there is something wrong in
the house. It may be too shallow for
winteruse; the ventilation may be
'"poor; windows near the floor may
be open too far, causing drafts; the
length of the pen only be too great.
"without sufficient break or partition
in it, causing drafts,
Make the house warm and comfort-
able. Perhaps all windows near the
floor should be kept closed all winter,
Perhaps it will be necessary to keep
the muslin curtails dawn all day dine
in the cold weather, theybe
or may
raised ,just during the middle of the
any, • If the pin is More thaa} twenty'
Banding the Tree..•
In Pamphlet No. 47 of the Dominion
Dept. of Agriculture, Mr. 3. J. de
Gryse of the Entomological Branch
deals with the banding of trees to
prevent` insects crawling up. The
simplest method, he Saye, is the appli-
cation a
ppli-cation'ef some sticky substance in
bands, about four, inches wide around
the trunks at a height of 6 or 7 feint
from the ground. The mostcommon-
ly used preparation is known as tree
' tanglefoot and can be bought in seed
stores. A home-made material can
be prepared by mixing resin and cas-
tor oil. In warm weather the prepar-
tions should be five pounds of resin
and three pints of castor oil, but in
cool weather five pints of the oil
should' be used. The resin and .oil
are together slowly heated until the
resin is meted. The mixture is then
stirred and al:owed to cool, when it.
is ready for smearing on the bands.
The bands should be renewed or thor-
oughly combed whenever their effec
tiveness is lessened by clogging with
dust, sand or the bodies of insects.
ro
i oruingflesh, it takes even
pounds 02 skins n'ulk to equal one The oldest aplalo'tree in the northwest, pltiited in 1526 at bort Vancouver;
pound of lean beet Wash., by Da eche .11casou hlin of the Hu a iis nay company.
Sanitary Aspects of Farm
Water Supply.
•s a we -k own ac t is w
the introduction of public water` sup-
plies in cities and towns which had
previously' been dependent on. domestic
wells, the . death rate from typhoid
fever, the most serious of water -borne
diseases, has decreased to a remark-
able extent,
In our country country districts, however,
whereethe scattered population makes
the establishment of a pidbic water
supply ,system impossible, the farmea.•
is forced to depend upon his own do -
irestic source, which is, in most cases,
THE AFTER-SCHOOL
LUNCH-'
A FORGET-ME-NOT SUPPER
13Y EFFIE ,MAIJRINE PAIGE,
BY MARION BROWNFIELD. There must be a good-bye party of
some sort. for the girl who is going
"I want some meat, I want some
meat!" came the wild 'Indian tones
of e bdy as he rushed into the living
room after school, much to the die-
comfort of his mother who was enter-
taining a caller,
"You can't 'have it," the retorted,
"Be quiet."
i°Bt ,h
the shallow wellboy.u
. That such a` well hungry, persisted the
"Well, then, go and get some erack-
ers," said his mother, glad of the ex-
cuse to send him off. • s
A'il children are beset with an after-
school hunger that is perfectly na-
tural. The problem is how to give
them something wholesome that will
not inteafere with the regular meals.
At another time this :same boy with
both hands full of cake passed through
the room where his sister was prac-
ticing her piano lesson.
"Why, Ted!" she exclaimed half
enviously, "you know you can't have
that cake. Mother made it for sup-
per."
But Ted, delighted with his prize,
rushed out before her protests should
can be a source of positive danger
from typhoids, dysentery, diarrhoea
and other disorders has been athply
proven, but still many farmers do not
realize fully the importance of a pure
unpolluted water supply, or the dan-
ger to their families and their stock
lurking in contaminated water.
The location of the farm well is
frequently faulty and denotes a ;leek;
of knowledge of the danger to health!
from water when there is any chance,
of drainage or . leaking from such
sources of pollution as barnyards,
cesspools, privy, manured fields, sink'
drains, etc. Not,,, only should the well
be placed at a reasonable distance
from such sources of filth (say 40-50
yards), but also, if possible, on high-
er ground. The mare porous the interfere with his enjoyment of the
ground, the greater should be the dis cake,
tante from any contaminating source. Raids on the ice box, cupboard and
Even when the well is removed i'am-Jar ere all the results of thought-
Teem
hought=
rj'rEv any source of pollution, the' lessness of either Mother or the chi'-•-
ground water shou:d be made to filter dren. The child who knows he can
through at least 12 to 15 feet of soil
before entering the well. Soil tends
to remove germs and impurities frons'
surface washings. The water, how -
always have something to eat after
school does not resort to such lawless
measures.
One clever mother has solved the
ever, should be mads to really. altar'.prob:em. She does not insist that
through the soil by insuring that 'the these between -meal snacks shall be
sides of the well, for a depth of 12 to' bread and bu£ter or an apple; she
15 feet are tight and impervious o .`has •a little •system of surprises. In
water. The top, naturally, should be a certain place in the kitchen there
so constructed that no contamination
are three paper plates awaiting the
can possibly enter.
Water may be seriously : polluted
three children each afternoon. Often
there is fruit there:. a bunch of
without showing this by its taste or ,grapes, an orange, a banana or some
appearance. A bright, sparkling water figs. Frequently there are a couple
is by no means a guarantee of a pure of crackers. Sometimes these are
supply. When however, water from. spread with peanut butter if they are
a well becomes cloudy or•turbid after plain orackers. Perhaps they will be
a heavy rain .there is evidently some of different kinds; there 'may be a
defect for this conditionindicates' fig bar and a graham cracker. Per -
that surface washings are entering; haps there will be an apple, and a
without proper filtration.
walnut to crack. Even left -overs are
The Division of Bacteriology and enjoyed as a surprise; bread pudding,
Chemistry at the Central Experinient-I an ear of corn, a tomato or scraps
•tinteresting
al Farm will aa water
hea!etimes greets the yongsters. As by farmers living
reasonable distance. Application for a real treat, the _eft over may be
instructions as to taking the sample cake!' Because it is understood that
should first be made. the luncheon must be eaten "as is"
with no requests for more until meal
time, the plan relieves the mother of
Worms in Hogs. a -_great deal of teasing and it also
rites : "M prevents the temptation to dip into
N. D., Truce County, w
y food prepared for a coming. meal.
hogs are evidently suffering i> em �° :
worms. Can you suggest a remedy? Rhillc'Erli f0
Ans.-For this .purpose, after ex-
perimenting, the Dominion Animal After the holidays we begin to long
Husbandman recommends oil of chem- for rhubarb. We can have it easily
podium because, he says, of its pene- if we have an old clump we may dig
trating character and destructive and store. It should be left out until
properties with regard to parasitic it has had at least one good freeze,
infestations in the intestines and for this will make it grow off prompt-
lungs. For an adult the dose is one ly when taken inside. Stored on the
half ounce, ora tablespoonful, mixed floor of the cave or cellar or set in a
with the feed. Because of the objet- box first, it 'natters not, just so the
tionab:e odor of the oil the pig should roots are in moist soil. The light is
be starved before administering. The not material, for it must he cut off
dose for young pigs five weeks old •ise by covering if the cellar is not natur-
half a teaspoonful. They too must
be made hungry. Sows 'should be
treated three weeks before farrowing
and again three days before, with the
tablespoonful dose.
Ground pumice -stone mixed to a
thick paste in sweet -oil is an old
,reliable polisher for the horns and
hoofs of show cattle.
Ily dark. A cone made of building
paper is good for this, leaving but a'
small hole at the tip but providing
for the entrance of air below. This
draws the stalks upward. Grown in'
the dark there will be but litt:e leaf
growth while the stems will be tender
and long. Try a clump. It will bear i
stalks for a long time, but the roots
'are` of little value for planting out`
again.L. H. C.
away to college so why not have a
forget-me-not porch supper? With
a few changes here and there in the
plans the party may also serve as
a last bit of entertaining for a sum-
mer guest at the farm or a "good-
bye" to the girl who is leaving home
to iieek employment in another place.
The guests may be boys and girls
from the neighborhood or just a dozen.
girls, dearest and. closest. closest. If a large
affair, of both boys and girls, serve
the supper at a long table on the
verax:dah; if for a few,' make it a
buffet. supper, the meal being served
on a large plate all together, for the
first course, with either' a hot coffee
or chocolate to accompany it.
Set several small tables about the
verandah, convenient for service dur-
ing the meal, on which to set extra
dishes, one's cup, seasonings, salad
dressings and the coffee accompani-
ments, sugar and cream. Use small
attractive cloths for these tables such
as are suitable for a tea table.
The 'lige supper table requires
more decoration, and this should be
of fruits, autumn leaves, • asters or
other fall flowers—perhaps set in a
nest of school books piled to poser a
basket.
HOMEMADE DECORATIONS.
On the little tables, for the less
formal service, set only a very flat
bowl in which a few artificial forget-,
me -nuts are placed. These, being out
of season, will have to be made or
bought. They are not hard to make.
For those who have any gift at all
for painting, it is an easy and inex-
pensive thing to paint place cards on
stiff cards, the tops being a spray of
forget-me-nots festooned an inch -
square snapshot of the girl who is
going away and wishes- not to be for-
gotten by her friends.
These may serve both as place card
and favor if made into bookmarks
with ribbon ends. When using the
small tables pass them as favors. A
nice little way to start the party is
for the hostess, or the girl who is be-
ing honored, to bring a basket of
hunches of artificial forget-me-nots to
the porch, pinning one on .each guest,
the flowers carrying the desired mes-
sage.
For the first course of the supper,
however served, try this: Chicken in
cases, nutted potatoes, combination
tomato salad, hot rolls, sweet pickles,
coffee or chocolate.
Eat leisurely, starting favorite
songs now and then. Take away the
plates and cups and all the accessor-
ies, then bring in trays of little heart..
shaped cakes and caramel custards,.
Make the chicken cases in the morn-
ing of short pastry lined into muffin
tins, pricked well and baked in a het -
oven. If baked the day before, heat
them in the oven just before filling to
server Two parts chicken to one of
sauted musbeexens and•' one of shred-
ded green pepper, seasoned; in a thick'
white sauce, makes an excellent
chicken filler.
Small potatoes or large ones cut
and boiled, dipped in beaten egg and
then in crushed peanuts, again in egg
and finally in fine crumbs and fried
in a hot pan, are delicious and stay
hot some time. Serve these with a
little finely chopped parsley over
them.
Scoop out large, well -chilled, firm
tomatoes.- Fill with a combination
salad, made of cold corn, beets, string'
beans, and chopped cabbage under•a
mayonnaise.
The cakes may be baked in a sheet
and then cut into hearts with a cut-;,
ter. The them in different colors, or ar
color scheme may be carried out by
setting each Iittle cake on a frilled
doily made of crepe paper of the
color desired.
An excellent caramel custard, an'
inexpensive dessert yet luxurious in
appearance, is made as follows:
iirh two cups of granulated sugar
dry over heat until it becomes a'
syrup, stirring constantly so it will
not scorch. Add four cups of water,'
stir until melted again- the water.
causes it to candy temporarily. Place
in the top of a double boiler over hot.
water. Mix together three and a
half. tablespoonfuls of cornstarch,
three-quarters of a cup of sugar—
much of the sweet taste is removed
in maramelizing.
Beat this together until smooth in
just enough water to mix, adding a
pinch of salt and a teaspoonful of
vanilla. Stir slowly into the hot
caramel water until clear and thick
and smooth. Pour into low glass
dishes or half fill sherbet cups.
Make a thin custard sauce, using
one pint of milk, one egg and one
level teaspoonful of cornstarch. When
this is cold, fold in a cupful of fine
currants, washed and dried, and a
eupful of finely chopped English wal-
nuts. Serve this sauce over the car-
amel pudding, •,both well chilled.
This pudding is also nice with a
cupful of finely chopped walnuts fold-
ed into the caramel, served under
whipped cream.
Make this supper most informal and
everyone will have a good time. Make
it a forget-me-not supper indeed!
includes one coupon good for five
cents in the purchase of any pattern.
. HOW TO ORDER *PATTERNS.
Write your name and address plain-
ly, giving number and size of such
patterns as you want. Enclose 20c in
stamps• or coin (coin preferred; wrap
it carefully) for each number, and
address your order to Pattern Dept,
Nilson Publishing Co., 73 West Ade-
laide St., Toronto. Patterns sent by,
return .mail.
Rotation in the Greenhouse
Advisable.
In the greenhouse as well as in the
garden, says the Dominion Entomol-
ogist, it has frequently been found
advisable to adopt a system of rota-
tion of crops. The common white fly.,
which deposits its eggs on the under-
side of tender :eaves, for instance, is
very injurious to tomato, primrose
and certain other plants. If new lo-
cations are used for such crops the
control of the insect will be easier.
+
Relative to control of the insect the
Entomologist says hydrocianic gas is.
the remedy commonly adopted by flor-
ists. For tight greenhouses the in-
itial dose should be one-eighth of an
ounee of sodium cyanide for each 1,(409
cubic feet of space. The strength to
b•3 used depends upon the tightness
of the greenhouse.. It should be noted
that hydrocianic gas is one of the
most deadly poisons known, and the
} greatest care should be exercised in its
use to see that none of it is breathed
PLAIN AND GAY into the rungs., Detailed instruction
FRO)CI{S. for its use are given in Bulletin No.
The little tot's garments are al-, 7 of the Dept. of Agriculture, en -
ways adorable, and the group pis- titled "Insects Affecting Greenhouse
tired here are no exception. If the Plants.
occasion is to be gay, the frock worn' Whale oil soap of the strength of
in View 33 would meet ell requires one=half ounces to a gallon of water
meets. Three quarter -inch tucks are is also useful for destruction of the
placed at the bottom, and two rows
{' white fly. The spray should be direc-
of tete insertion are set into the front ted to the underside of the leaves.
of the yoke. The armholes ars trim -
(Ivory soap to the strength of ons:
mod with matching lace, and dainty pound to six f,+aaons of water has
tied in bows on the shout been found offs^five. Several app:i-
ribbon is
dexs♦ Tardered mats sal in a gradu- cations a eveek or so apart nay .ie
ated dot design makes the dainty lit- necessary.
tLo frock in View A., with the yoke
Sow purebred wheat, thoroughly
and short sleeves of plain material.
1?ci y practical is the'froel; in View C. cleaned, in a seedbed well prepared,
Tho tucks have been emitted from the and you will raise good quality of
i
Skirt, the sleeves are long and snip-vvhcat. By thoroughly cleaning I do
tied into a band, and the high neck is not mean to take your seed to an a:e-
trimni.ed with a narrow lace edging. isjust run it over. the cleaner,
No. I154 is in sizes 6 months, 1; 2 1 but cleaning of a geed cleaner and
and 4 years. Size 1 year requites 15/s f using the correct sereon5 with plenty
yards of 82 -inch or 36 -inch materia . I of wind.. Possibly you can c'_ean it
Price 20 cents. , with once over, but I wouldseance!
sean.
Many styles of smart apparel may •rrun it- over two or now that I have taken more times until
be found in ,our 'Fashion Book. Our k out all the
designers originate their patterns in grains and inferior stud' common
the heart of the style centres, and or any grain or seeds I am
their mer ations are those of tested Iltieglisylheat,
"owing:•-••-•A. W.
x
ularit Y brought within w t the e means
P 3, g
Asilvertort u5u 1
�of t.W average woman. Price of the
: v
nC
v
hook '10 oehte..the copra, tach copy for about twenty-seven 'rears,
LITTLE