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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1925-07-16, Page 7` $E PRESERVATION N. FOOD Some Interesting Facts for the Housewife. Fond spoils because germs grow in --except the disease producing kind it. To prevent this growth of germs that are very harmful. we put food to be preserved through This does not apply to foods high a process that will kill the germs in acid content becausebacteria will, whicia spoil food., not grow in the presence of much acid Fruits and vegetables 'f es should foods, and aremore easily killed in acid be a /canned as soon as Bible after they are picked. One of the causes of spoil- THE POISONOUS BACTERIA. age is letting them stand for several Bacteria in canned vegetables may hours in a warm place, in bags or in form extremely poisonous compounds. covered containers. This is especially Some of these cause food poisoning true of berries, cherries, peaches and and botulism. other fruits. It is therefore necessary that such It is best to can a few jars at a foods be carefully selected and packed, time. When a large canning is done, and thoroughly sterilized so that all it is almost impossible to work so fast germs are killed, and poisoning will that'some of the food does not have not occur. to stand for a Iong time. The temperature necessary for such Conditions may then arise which sterilization depends primarily on the are suitable for the growth of these germs Le be destroyed as well as on germs which later spoil the food. We the composition of the food. Foods A tribute to the `late Rt. Hon. William F, Massey, prime minister of New find these to be due to several causes high in acid are easilysterilized;those r —some harmless to humans, some g Zealand; was the great mess of beautiful floral wreaths pyramided over his harmful. The harmless . spoilage low in acid are difficult to sterilize, grave comes from molds and yeasts as vegetables of low acidity, such as ' peas; corn, pumpkins ar. d beans. Food often and readily ,becomes This group may readily be stern- moldy. In some cases, the food is ized by heating in cans. or jars in boil - completely spoiled; in others; the de- for one hour on each of composition is not enough to make the ing waterd food useless. These molds are float- ing in the air all the time, and are present on -the surface of all fresh foods. They will sprout when condi- tions are favorable. THE YEAST ORGANISMS. When fruit juice stands for a few days, it begins to sour and ferment. The sugar changes to alcohol and car- bonic acid gas. This change is caused by another group of organisms known as yeasts. They are present every- where, and grow in and spoil sugary liquids, crushed fruits and jellies that do not have sufficient sugar, as in products containing from one to sixty- five per cent. sugar. More sugar than 65 per cent. pre- vents their growth. This is the rea- son for syrups, jellies, candies and marmalade not spoiling readily, since they contain enough sugar to prevent molding or fermentation. Leaky jars become infected with yeast cells from the air, and the house- wife thinks the loss is caused by the entrance of air. It is in reality caused by yeast cells coming in with the air. Air alone will not cause souring. The spoiling of jars or cans of fruit usually means imperfect sealing and leaky containers into which yeasts or molds enter after sterilization. As the jars or cans cool after steriliza- tion, the contents contract forming a vacuum .through which air with mold and yeast cells is drawn if the con- tainer has a small leak. Yeasts and molds are relatively harmless and are killed by the tem- perature of boiling water. Bacteria, which are our third group of germs that spoil food, are even less resistant ree successive aye. Between the first and second heat- ing, most of the bacteria spores that have survived the first heating will germinate because of the softening effect of the heat. These will he very tender and will be easily killedwhen the second heat- ing takes place. The third heating will kill all the spores left from the second heating. Food should not be packed too close-_ ly when it is to be sterilized in the hot water bath. The cans should be so packed that when the hot water is added, it will penetrate and circulate among the contents. If the vegetables are too tightly packed, the heat may not get to the centre of the jar and destroy the organisms there. Use hot water in filling the cans. The hotter the contents when it goes into the sterilizer, the quicker will the material heat through. When the cans are removed from the sterilizer, they should be closed immediately to prevent entrance of air. Turn upside down to detect leakage. When they have been wash- ed and labeled, store in a cool, dark place to preserve the color. Remember, the reason for all this fuss in canning is to be sure that the foods are free from all germs that will spoil the food after the cover is clamp- ed on the jar and put away for win- ter consumption. Care in steriliza- tion, from pick of the things to be canned through the steps of heating and packing will assure foods that will keep their flavor, color and body for years. The Care of Milk in the Home. Milk should always be kept clean, covered and coo'_. These three points THE 11 ITS OF CHILDREN p.Mnpgt �ywr. The Home is the Workshop Where Habits Foran Character.. "Habit" is ouch a cont o 7, every- formation of habits into the person he will be in adult life. All these tendencies toward think- ing and acting in certain ways, which are called habitual, are the outgrowth of training and experience. Trey are not inherited. We begin to form hab- its at birth and go on through life forming them quickly and easily in youth and more slowly and with diffi- day sort of term that it hardly seems necessary to discuss it at all. It is in the very fact that habits are so conn monplace that the fundamental im- portence of.forming right habits in early lift is minimized or overlooked altogether. Such Is the gist of an article by Dr. D. A. Thorn, director of habit can- eulty as the years advance. The les in Boston. Dr. `Thom says that the oftener the act is repeated or the health, happiness and efficiency of the thought is ipduiged in, the more last adult man and woman depend, to a ire the habit becomes. Since habit very large extent, on the type of formation begins early and is more habits they acquire from their train- or less constant throughout life, it is ing and experience during early life. of great importance that emphasis be placed on the establishment of desir- able habits. A young child has certain character - 'Habit is the tendency to repeat what has been done before. One de- velops not only habits of acting, but habits of thinking and feeling. Habits isties that make the acquiring of new in regard to the care of the body— habits easy. For one thing, he is eating, sleeping, eliminating, bathing suggestible; that is, he accepts with - health. Our manners are a collection conies from g about it anything which are easil formed and vitallyaffect out reasons a person he looks up to. bottles have been exposed to much of habits;we do a rude or a courteous "My father said'so," or "My mother handling and- to dust during delivery thing almost without stopping to did it," makes a thing absolutely right that it is wise to rinse the mouth of think. If we did not learn the mus- for a little child. the bottle before milk is poured. After, eular movements which become Again, a child naturally tends to are 'a.s important to the producer as the cap has been removed, it is better : habitual through repetition, we could imitate the words, actions and atti- to the consumer. Regardless of how to cover the bottle with a glass tum-' neve:' play the piano, run a type- tudes of the people around him, and well milk has been handled and cared bier before replacing unused portions' writer, or gain skill in ath�etics, this makes it of the greatest import - for till it is delivered to the consumer, in the ice box. If you do not think habit. forma-. ance that older people furnish him the it cannot be expected to remain sweet Where ice is not available during) tion is important, just put your right kind of models they want to have and have a good flavor if it is care- the summer, milk should be kept in: hand in a sling for one day and then' copied. Furthermore, a child wants to lessly handled in the 'home. the coolest place in the house during! try to do with your left hand all the I please those he loves and wants to In most -towns and cities, milk may be purchased in bottles. This is the. best way of buying it. The dairyman who bottles his products should be encouraged by the use of his milk, other conditions beim; equal.. Milk in bottles is more easily kept clean and cool during delivery and is more easily handled in the home. PASTEURIZATION. Milk may parry the germs of'tuber- culosis, diphtheria, typhoid and scar- let fevers. The simplest way to de- stroy such germs is by pasteurization. This is simply a scientific parboiling. In modern community milk supplies pasteurization is .always employed and is a sanitary safeguard that should never be neglected where the health of a community is valued. If milk is not efficiently pasteur- ized at the dairy, the housewife can and should do it herself with a sauce- pan or double boiler and a dairy ther- mometer. The milk is heated to a temperature of 145 degrees Fahren- heit and held at this temperature for thirty minutes but not boiled. The milk should then be chilled and kept cool until consumed. Pasteurized milk is just as reliable, just as nutritious and much more safe than raw milk. There is no more objection to the pro- cess than there is to the cooking of Carlessness means spoiled food meat. " that causes waste and possible illness. Where milk must be purchased in The Reason. I bulk, not in bottles, it should be meas- "You know I would be quite a marks - hot weather., It will keep sweet long- est in a covered -vessel resting in a shallow pan of cold water and covered by a clean cotton cloth whose edges hang down into the water. This keeps I ordinary things—such as writing, counting money—that your right hand has been in the habit of doing. FORMED IN EARLY LIFE. have them say so. At first it is only father or mother or someone in the immediate family whose good opinion he wants. Then it is the kindergarten or school the cloth wet and promotes evapora- The morals of most of us, our atti- teacher. Finally, at 9 or 10, the praise tion which helps to keep the milk tedTe toward drinking, the taking of or blame of his playmates or of the cool. others' property, or the problem of gang leader concerns him more than These are a few • suggestions on sex, as well as toward other people,) anything else. When this stage is caring for milk in your home. They whether sincere or deceitful, friendly reached, parents should not be dis- should interest everyone, and they or antagonistic, are, to a 1 arge, extent, n , •heartened and think that their bay is developing into a black sheep. It is fectl natural st a which chit will help your milk dealer to supply the result of habits of thinking, form - good milk for home use Milk is the best single food—but it requires care in the home.—R. G. 1054 CHARM AND FLARE HERE UNITE. Consistent with the junior's ten dency to imitate her "grown-ups" as far as fashions are concerned, is her adoption so the two-piece frock as. expressed in this version of the sus pender•skirt and blouse. The material; of -the skirt is powder -blue flannel, and this deep oval neck-line, large armholes and top of the patch -pockets are.bound in 'a darker shade of blue. Blue and white " dotted muslin was used for the blouse, having short' rag- lan sleeves and round boyish collar opening in front. Sines 8, 10, 12 and 14 years. Size 10 years requires :2 yards of material for both the blouse and skirt, 32 or 36 inches wide. Price 20 cede, Our new Fashion Book contains many styles showing how to dress boys and girls. Simplicity is the rifle for well-dressed children. Clothes of and individuality for the junior folks are hard to buy, but easy to make with our pat'te'rns. A small amount of money spent. on good ma- terials, cut on simple linos, will give children the privilege of wearing ador- able things. Price of the book 10 cents the'ropy. Each copy includes one coupon good for five cents in the used into a clean glass jar with a man if it weren't for my husband.,. purchase of any pattern. HOW TO ORDER. PATTERNS. Write your name and address plain- Milk should be kept at a temper- ly, giving number and `size of such ature below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. patterns as ;you want. Enclose 20c in Clean milk will keep sweet at .this stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap temperature for 24 hours after 'it glass lid but with no rubber. . This "Why, how does he interfere with jar should be used for no other pur- your marksmanship?" pose than receiving milk "Well, he ducks every time." A Corsage for the Cook. Thne was when my hands and it carefully), -for each number, and reaches the consumer. Often milk is arms were frequently hurt and made address your order to Pattern Dept., ' delivered as early as 4 o'clock in the to look uglier than was their wont by Wilson Publishing Co., 73. West Ade-! morning and remains in the sun until coming in contact with hot pans .and )aide St., Toronto. Patterns sent by 8 or 9 o'clock. This is a bad practice kettles. Aprons and dresses, too, were return mail. Exports of Buand Cheese. From statistics given in the most and milk so treated cannot be expect -1 ed to remain s•eet. If the milk can-, not be brought into the house soon after delivery, a covered box or shel-, recent News Letter of the Dominion tered place should be provided and the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch, it is delivery man asked to leave the milk gathered that in the twelve months there. .A rise in temperature of milk ending with April this year, 25,062,757 for a short time will cause the de - lbs. of butter valued at $8,904,924 velopment of bacteria leading to early were exported from Canada, compar- souring, while the growth of bacteria ed with 13,611,902 lbs. valued at $5, is held in,_ check by keeping the milk 090,883 in the previous year, an in- cool. crease of 11,450,855 lbs. in butter and In the household refrigerator the of $3,854,041 in money. Of cheese milk should be kept at the bottom of there were exported in the twelve the refrigreator, for cold air settles months ending with April this year, rapidly. If for any reason milk does 127,406,600 lbs. valued at $24,267,169, not stay sweet in the ice box during compared with 116,677.100 lbs. valued hot weather, it. is often advisable to at $23,388,924 in the preceding year, place a thermometer inside and close an • increase of 10,7291500 lbs. in the door for a few minutes. If the cheese and $878,245 in money. •temperature is more than 50 degrees Fahrenheit the fault cannot be laid entirely to the quality of the milk. A great ninny refrigerators are poor- ly built and will not cool foods placed in them. When milk is placed in the ice box it should be, tightely covered to pre- vent the absorption of " odors. Ml1k Every farmer boy is a man hi the making. No right-minded man is sat- isfied unless his boys and girls turn out better than he himself has done. To make the best sweet clover pas- ture, keep plenty of stock on it. often injured. That was before I learned the value of good lifting pads and a handy towel on which to wipe soiled fingers. A trim little teacher of domestic science taught me the value of what I would term a corsage for the cook. ' She had as a part of her cooking equipment three of these hand and ed in early life. Most of our preju-, a per Y b dices are the outcome of habits of dreg pass through and which calls 'thinking formed in childhood. Many only for greater care in the selection persons, during childhood, develop a of wholesome companions. feeling about racial and religious dif- DEVELOPING RIGHT CONDUCT. ferences which may lead in later life This attitude of concern regarding to intolerance and hatred toward their what other people think is a force fellowmen. This same attitude of that parents may use in developing mind is seen in children toward their right conduct. Rarely is a child found. playmates who have the misfortune, who does not care for the approval off of being orphans, or toward the child someone, and training should make a whose mother is a scrubwoman, or child realize that it is to his advan whose father is a garbage collector. tage to win approbation for desirable' Care should be taken to see that dill- acts. Praise for unselfishness, kind-! dren are early taught kindness and ness, and general consideration for consideration for those less fortunate, others tends to perpetuate that type for unconsciously they will form their of conduct. attitudes from. the home atmosphere. Some parents play on a child's na- COMPLEX MENTAL LIFE. tural sympathy for others until it be - A child has a mental life far more comes like a worn out elastic band which has been stretched till it is use - delicate and complex than his physical less. "Don't make a noise; mother's .head aches," may make. a child sorry for mother at first, but if it interferes with every bit of happy play he has he soon learns to be hard-hearted about it. On the other hand, real sympathy for others, which is one of the finest qualities of personality,' may be developed by training and form the basis of a habit of kindness and understanding which will last throughout life. it And—they were not easily laid aside, or dropped to the floor. A pad for lifting, a towel for her hands and a cloth for dish wiping were attached to tapes which she had fastened to one large safety pin and thereby to her apron belt. Of course, it would be perfectly all right to use two holders if you want to or to arrange a corsage to suit! your own fancy. Such an arrange -I ment is to be recommended for the young inexperienced cook especially. -L. H. L. B•e f stovepolishes which etivaf • o p contain benzine or any other inflan - l viable liquid. Many serious accidents i have resulted from their use. body, far more difficult. to keep in order and much more easily put out of adjustment. A child lives a real mental life, full of hopes, ambitions, doubts, misgivings, joys, sorrows, and strivings that are being gratified or thwarted much the same at 3 years of age as they will be at 30. The home is the workshop in which the character and personality of this in- dividual are being moulded by the She—"Do you believe in this theory of relativity?" IIo---"What tl'y'mean? That y'want t'be a sister to me?" --5 The best thing we have heard about the state of affairs in Russia is that the telephone girls, in answering calls, address you as "Comrade." Could anything prove more satisfactorily the fact that the Russians have actually humbled the haughty ones of the earth? spectacular nfi(ita.y dislrlay fuss presented on , shown passing the saluting base ab. 000 %** ''• • • ,..S x ....� � S F , �v 5 •i�£ h+ro. febgft • . r ,.e Laf.fan's Plains Aid ershot,' when the King inspected 14,000 of his trooee. •'1.. =;'. —tory n. Food for Thought. Just a little simple story, but in it there is food for thought. The family were at their summer home at the seaside and little Charles, an only child, was delighted to have other children to play with. One day he transgressed. in something and Mother told him that to make him remember another time, he must stay in their own dooryard all day and not go to the beach to play with the other children. He recognized the justice' of his sentence and acquiesced in it quite cheerfully. For a while he amused himself with his ball, then, hearing the merry shouts of his playmates on the beach, he went and sat on the doorsteps witle his head in his hands and murmured to himself, "I wish I was there, I wish I was there." Then he walked back to the gate, listened, came back to the steps and sat down again very dejectedly. After a few tears had trickled through his fingers, nearly breaking the heart of Mother who. chanced to pass by, and almost decid- ing her to remit the small boy's sen- tence, Charles again went to the gate and climbed up on it. From this van- tage ground he could just see the heads of his playmates. It was too much for him. Ile burst open the gate, exclaiming, "I can't stay)" ran to the beach as fast as his sturdy legs would carry him and joined the children. When he came home Mother said: "Charles, I shall have to punish you.» "Yes, Mother," cams very faintly. "I saw you when you went first to the gate, and I saw you when you ran, to the beach." "Where were you, Mother, when you saw me?" ts,"I was at the window." "Well, Mother, before you punish fine may I ask you a question?" . , " C•ortainly, my son." "Why didn't you tap on the window, Mother, and help your little boy?" Removing Pinfeathers. In cleaning chickens I have found that a stra'w'berry huller is a very use. ful thing in removing the piefeatl erse —M. S. If you would' avoid misunderstands Ings and perhaps quarrels, do not "b( too inquisitive, •