Zurich Herald, 1925-06-18, Page 7RENEWING STRAWBERRY BEDS
.Mr
BY RICHARD BAXTER ADAMS.
The practice of strawberry grower a plow. A furrow may be .plowed
differs 'considerably as to liow many along eaelr side of eaela ;ow, towing
crops of berries they will take from a the soil aeay from therm and leav-
bed before it is •abandoned and a new ing the centres, Or one or two fur-
one started, . - rows mal?' he ,owed from one side o
The decision hinges 'largelyrp n s.. e -s
g o i two each row, retzeiaring a strip of plants
questions: First, as to the relative along the opposite side of the roe.
eepense .of renovating the old bed and The former method has the
advan-
lnttrlb it in shape fo.anothai
crop, tag.. that .one usually finds fewer
as com`pa'red with the cost of setting weeds to contend with, sines they were
anew bed; 1, aizd second, as to whether shaded out during the previous sea -
the fruit from the old bed will be son by the strawberry plants. But it
satisfactory after the renovation has has the disadvantage that one retains
been done. the old plants set the year previous
Probably more growers take two and which ate now staring their third
crops frern a bed than more or fewer; season,; whereas in the second method
but many growers nevertake but one the plants are all of them one year
crop, and a few take as high -as three, old and- therefore more vigorous :and.
four or five. .o likely to be more fruitful.
As a rule it costs much' less to reno- In addition to this plowing length'
vete the old bed, generally about •half wise of the rows manyrowers re-:
as much, though this depends largelyow well the plantation has been along duce somewhat the retua g ingp tants
on -hthe strip g of row which has nett
cared for during its first season. Oc- been plowed under. This niay be done
casionally one finds a bed which gives by running the plow crosswise of the
a larger crop the second season than bed and thus checking it of into small
it did the first, but usually the crop squares a foot or so on a side. Or
is sot rewhat smaller, the berries not it may be done with a hoe. In this
quite so latige and the fruit ripens way some growers reduce the number
somewhat earlier than similar var- of plants to not many more than were
ieties in a newlyset bed. originially* set out, though usually
If the bed is to be renewed it may there are several . times this number,
be done in various ways, but the fol- The soil of the bed should next be
lowing is the usual practice: Just as worked over thoroughly to
g y get it back
soon as possible after the`erop is off, into fine physical condition. A culti-
the bed is gone over with a mowing vator with large teeth, may be used
machine. This is usually followed by to advantage to start the work, follow -
a hay tedder to stir up the old mulch ed by one• with spike teeth. Or the
on the bed and thus scatter it evenly whole surface of the bed may be work -
over the surface and allow mulch and ed over with a smoothing harrow.
leaves to dry out thoroughly. This Iatter is rather heroic treatment,
The bed is burned over, selecting a but surprisingly good results are often
• time when the material is fairly dry secured by it, and of course it has
and when there is a good ivied so that the advantage of being quickly and
the burning will take place quickly. cheaply done.
The principal`. advantages of burning Lastly the bed should receive a good
are that most of the diseases and in- dressing of fertilizer. Quantities and
sects and ` weeds are destroyed; the forumias will vary according to w,he-
objections to it are that a lot of ther the soil is more or less fertile
- humus -forming material is destroyed and whether it has been well cared
and that occasionally the csrol s of•,for or not, but for average conditions
the; plants may be injured. Bursas a the following per acre will be found
rule the advantages more than out- satisfactory,: 100 pounds of nitrate of
weigh the, disadvantages. • soda, 250 pounds of tankage and 400
Some method is usually adopted to pounds of acid phosphate.
reduce the number of old plants on Or if tankage cannot be had, use
the bed, though occasionally a grower 250 pounds of nitrate ofsoda and 400
is found who merely cleans up the pounds of aeid phosphate.
bed as just described and lets all the This should be scattered directly on
old pants remain, .in this case he the rows, but unless it is applied ins -
does not plan'for `many new'runners to mediately after the bed is turned over,
set that season, but depends on get- so that there is no foliage on the
ting his fruit as a 'seeend'crop from vines, it should' be applied when the
tete old plants. Most of this work of leaves are dry, otherwise they may be
outting out the old plants is done with injured by the nitrate of soda.
Making Good Biutter.
It i not diffieult to maitre butter,
but scrupulous cleanliness must he
observed at every stage, All utensils
should be washed and eealded befor,
and after churning.
The ere*ani should contain about' 3
per gent. butter fat. A gallon`„
cream of thisstandard
will!e
Y
about 3 pounds of butter. It is bet
ter to churn the cream; not the what
I milk: *The cream should he Nola
im
tie r
eel i d ti
a y after it' comes from 'the
separator and kept as .cold as pos
-
sible' until t l t he time for riperiin
which should be done at a temperature
between 6i deg, F. and 7 deg. F
When the cream is mildly sour, i
should be cooled to churning . temper
attire or below and held so for at
least' two hours before churning ,be-
gins,
waters of the same . temperature eel
the 'buttermilk, 'Phe theztnometer is
essential for this, as for all the other
accurate` ostiniate. of temperature in
the various steps of butter making.
th
Three -fours of an. ounce of salt
worked in per pound butter.• Work
-
0 ing of the butter is a very important
part of the process d should p an h uld receive
careful .attention, Overworked butter
- is sticky, greasy in appearance and
o has a gummy grain. lenderworked
d i butter is very apt to be mottled be-
cause of the uneven di tribution of
, the salt.
1_Pag .tabilty of Feeds,
t, It is pro bably,• true that a hen does
rot have a very keen sense of taste,
but she doesedislike certain feeds, and
if these •ere used to make up too large
a proportion of hepetation she will
oat less than elle would consume of a
more palatable mixture. The praeti-
i cal result is that egg production is
' not kept at a high level.
Among the feeds that are particu
larly distasteful -to the hen should be
listedb'-oo-d meal and rye, either whol
er ground.
I The protein of dried blood seems to
1 be of poor nuality, at least in so far
s its use by the hen is concerned,
and this fact may partly account for
, her tendency to 'cave it alone.
I Similarly, in the case of rye there
seems to be danger of rather serious
digestive trouble if any appreciable
quantity is eaten by poultry.
Some feeds, such as red dog flour,
are not readily'.eaten when offered to
the hens sing but will actually in-
crease the palatability of certain mix-
tures to which they may be added.
It is because hens show a marked
ability to distinguish between differ-
I ent mixtures that we should be very
careful not to make sudden or severe
changes in the make-up of the mix-
tures fed. Such changes are likely to
is
The Junior Women'e Institutes
went to Macdonald Tnstitete at the
O.
A.C. for ,.four glorious days thus
spring, Ainong other things they dig-
cussed how to attain physical fitness,
and here is a summary tie the made,-
sions at which they arrived:
1, Physical fitness is the highest
standard of, health which we can at-
tain, 'so that we'enay be of the great-
estservice to humanity.
2, Objective Signs of Physical Fit-
ness (How'we look).
A. Good 'sture -erect• carriage in
� g
standing, sitting or walking,
B. Clear complexion, good color.
C. Clear, bright eyes.
D. Glossy hair.
E. Firm, white, regular teeth.
F. Well proportioned body—weight
- not more or less that 10 per cent,
above er below standard for height.
e G. Hygenic clothing.
H. Personal cleanliness:
I. Enthusiastic manner.
3. Subjective Signs of Physical Fit-
ness (How we fee.).
A. Energy and zest in work and
play, kept in sensible proportion and
balance.
B. Enjoyment of wholesome food.
C. Feeling of rest and refreshment
on rising.
D. Feeling of healthy fatigue at
bed time.
E. Freedom from persistent worry.
F. Freedom from persistent or
regularly recurring pain.
G. Endurance.
H. Self confidence.
4. If 'you are honestly intent on be-
ing physically At you must: (1) Eat
regularly, (2) eat slowly, (3) eat
some hard food for the sake of the
eeth, (4) eat some fresh, raw or
green food every day, (5) avoid over -
' In . the Garden.
The most important work now fac-
ing the gardener is cultivation. Make sene. The kerosene thinsthe oil so
a point of stirring the soil -between Lthat it will paint or spray on readily.
the rows and around the plants once ilt, ives a mixturethat
>' penetrates the
a week. - Such constant stirring of wood, but does not grease or soil the
the surface hastens growth, conserves
the .soil moisture and keeps down all
weed growth.
But never cultivate as work among
the beans while the foliage is at all
wet, either with dew or following a
shower; delay until the leaves are per-
fectly dry. Anthracnose, that" hor-
rible disease which destroys the fol- One or two applications during the
Inge and marks the beans in the pods, summer are sufficient, butdo not let
is always present while the weather the mites get ahead of you.
is moist and evarni, and the germs
are scattered beeadcast when they are.
Summer Roosting Shelters.
disturbed under these conditions. Now that warn weather is with us
live near a garage, ask your garage
man to save for you his refuse oil.
Add to this an equal quantity of kero-
birds' feathers. To lubricating oil
and kerosene add from 2 -to 5 per cent.
of a good disinfectant.
One or two applications leave the
woodwork dark brown ie color and
slightly oily to the touch. Mites never
bother a poultry house where this
preparation is used.
This disease is so prevalent in some again, ft -is time to think about giving
gardens that to prevent it •from get- our growing chicks, which spend their
ting; a start on the young plants pre- days on the range, all the fresh air
ventive measures must be taken in we can at night. Toa often fifty or
good time,spraying at intervals of a hundred growing pullets or cocker -
six to ten.. days with' -Bordeaux mix- ,
ture. Spraying may be discontinued, els are put in small enlony houses,
open only a little on the front, and
once the plants are well set with tiny,
compelled to roost there throughout
Anticipate the attacks of the potato I the hot summer months.
beetle by spraying with a Bordeaux -1 Chickens have an ch means
high
arsenate solution. body temperature, which means that
(they require greater amounts of ox
y-
• The potato beetle is partial to the y -
Other form of anis
leaves of the eggplant; therefore, ! mai thAnsno 1l, any
ghtly inclosed colony
keep`the foliage covered with the poi- house does not admit of their secur-
son and so 'eliminate all danger of • ing a sufficientcient amount.
,these and other leaf -eating insects. I The tendency n poultry farms is to
The striped . cucumber beetle seems build so-called open-air roosting shel-
to know that seed of his favorite tit tees,. These consist of a roof, sup -
bit is underground, for his Whole fan's: ported on •four or more stakessides
sly is on the patch as the first leaves of inch -mesa wire netting and are
are breaking through the surface, Be' filled with perches.
prepared with tobacco powder, or land 1 • The roof protects the' birds from
plaster to which a Iittle Paris green storms, yet there is .ample fresh air;
has been added—say one part to one and they'
hundred parts of land plaster --and are practically - y under the.
dust each hill thoroughly. Sarno conditions -as they ,would be if
It may be necessary to repeat the I roosting under a tree Furthermore,
these open-air birds are"much more
application two or three. days later, i easily kept clean and• free from mites,1
a
land always fo.dowing f. shower, This' The wire netting makes it possible to
also applies to melons, ptunp1 ins and shat the birds in at night, and to pro -
squash. As the plants become larger tect thein against aniirrals. It is also
and begin to vine, use the Bordeaux -
arsenate mixture regularly.
Watch Out for Mites.
easier to catch them if necessary.
A good open-air shelter is a build-
ing about 8x1:0 or 1.0x1.0 square , with
cornier posts about . Elise feet high,
This is the time to expect mites to board floor, and a board roof covered
appear in Considerable numbers. No with 'iote:lg paper. • Let the roof ex -
matter how carefully the houses have tend about a' foot over the south side
been cleaned and disinfected, there is to protect the fdwis from driving
always the danger of seine mites lurk- storms. The' entire area of the coop
s,
lng oeez from the previous season. can be fitted with perches ': setting
:Examine the nests; perches and these about eighteen inches perches,
perch rapports,frequently, : If signs Such a shelter can be built for about
of mites appear, the perches should be half the cost of an i
taken outdoors and with a ozdi eery colony
paintedhoose.
mite -eradicating soluticn. Perch stip
-
poets. creeks atomic!! the dtoppings
hoards and the nests should be treat-
ed in the sante Way.
Ma lite paints and sprays can be
used: Some are aommereial mixtures,
many aro homemade mixtures, The going, Those who are recruited to
sscret of a good eradicating prepares agriculture through ignorance or de -
tion is that- it contains oil, which ception add Nothing to the uailt. of
1, ,. quaint'
eaves the surface ,greasy so that the rural society. The greatest of human
,Mites oaninot travel over. it, tragedies is that in which the worker
It is of no advantage to agriculture
to, haye :folks pursuing that vocation
who are dissatisfied with it. 1'f they
want to go to the city to live, nothing
should be placed in the way of their
Lubrioating oil, suet, as is used .in failys to find pleaeuro in his work.
en eutymobilei' is excellent.. If you -••I'1. J W.
Successful buttermaking depends
largely on the temperature at which
churning .is done but there is no one
temperature proper for every season
of the year. Chuning is a mechani-
i:al process, and if it is done under
the same conditions on one -day as on
another the results should be identi-
cal: The temperature is the factor
which must be varied to get uniform
results. If the temperature is too low,
the churning period is unnecessarily
prolonged, or it may be impossible to
obtain butter. Too high a churning
temperature is also to be avoided be-
cause butter fat will be lost,"the but-
ter will be soft, and will not keep well.
'Butter will come in 10 minutes at
too high a churning temperature, or
even in 7, with some patent churns,
but it will not be, such good butter.
In 'summer when the :cattle are pas-
tured and fed on grass,•the best tein-
perature is between 52 deg. F. and 60
deg. P. In winter it will range_,from
58 deg. F. to 66 deg. F. The dry
feed, housing in barns, end approach-
ing end of the lactation period contri
bute to this difference. If the churn I
is uot loaded over one-third full, and
not turned too fast, then butter!
should come, under These respective
temperatures, in a firm granular con -j
dition in about 30 to 40 minutes. Ifi
electricity is available the churn can
be attachedto a motor but the speed
must be regulated to correspond to
the best rate of hand churning, about
60 revolutions a minute. •
Butter color is added, if necessary,,
when the cream is strained into the
churn. When butter granules. are,
formed the size of wheat grains it is
time to strain off. the buttermilk' and
wash the butter in the churn in two'
FOR HOME AND COMM
Are You Fit?
,e particularly disastrous during the
next two or three months.
Chickens need sunlight to prevent
rickets.
I have had a silo for 14 years, al-
ways haul manure direct to fields, and
have never failed to catch clover on.
those fields. Some years --1923 was
one—I had a good stand, Most farm-
ers not having silos failed to get any
clover on better soil thap mine, Fur-
thermore, I have applied twelve loads
an acre ,of manure from silage on
poor, sandy soil and got a good stand,
except where there was lack of lime.
--r•J.M.
THE MOUTHS OF PLANTS
"If you wale very thirsty," said old
Mr. Ewing, "and I was to pour, a
glass of water on the top of your head
would you be very gratefuI'-to zine?"
"No," said Toni, whe was watering
his geranium, "I'd be mad!"
"Well," said the old man, "you are
not treating your plant much better. }
It has mouths, and it likes to drink
when it is thirsty, but you don't pour
the water into its mouths."
"I don't knave where they are," said
Tom, looking curiously at the bush. '-
"Its leaves are full of eager little i
pores and they are choked with dust,"
Mr. Ewing said. "Just put the nose
again on the watering -pot and wash
off the leaves."
Tom picked up the nose, put it on'
the spout of the pot, and gave the ,
bush a thorough wetting.
"It does look better," he said. "Has
it any other mouths?"
"Plenty more," said the old man;
"one .at the end of each rootlet. When
you pour a stream of water around
.the stern of the plant, I think it must
feel as you would if I put drink on
your head."
"Yes," said Tom, "see that fuschia.
I didn't water the leaves nor the ends
of the roots, I am sure."
"And don't " you see you are doing
the same thing by that rhododendron?"
said the irritable old man. "When you
do anything, boy, do it in the right
way!"
And he took the watering -pot him-
self, and every mouth in each plant
got a good drink that time
■
•
MAKES
8,500 -MILE TRIP ON
Just a few days after the new Cana-
dian Pacific B.C. Coast Liner S.S. Prin-
cess Eatleleen entered the Victoria
Harbor after her =idea trip from the
Clyde, Scotland, a little 25 -foot dory
'slipped away from the quay almost un.
der the nose of the now arrival bound
for the Old Country, by the very route
which the Marguerite had just tra-
versed,
On board the neat one -masted sell-
ing .ship fn which be expects to make
the perilous' 8,500'miles voyage to
Great Britain was Commander B stace
B. Maude, R.N., Resident of Mayne Is-
land, RC., who, although severity
years. of age, has not lost that oourage
and daring whtch is so necessary ort dirt
DORY
undertaking of this kind.
All the traditions of the British Navy
are bound up in the ambitious enter-
prise of this venerable Commander.
Ae. a young man Commander aleutle
Was Fleet Lt, aboard the Royal 'Yacht
of Her -Late l4fajesty Queen Victoria,
the Victoria and Albert, tend his first
na`va1 command was on the Tenceraire,
MI which he commanded 'engagements
oft the Mislay Peninsula and in the
China Sesta against nautical pirates.
The ' Halt -moon, as Commander
Maude has maintained, has. sn auidll-
ary ±eonsieting of a five 11,1s, engine
on which the gallant eCotinmander will
fall back in case of eah s or •adverse
weather.
eating, (6) avoid undereating!, (7),
eat lightly of easily digested food
when tired, excited or •anxious (8) -
drink three to five glasses of water1
every day outside .of mealtime, (9)
eat sweets at the end of a nreai, not
between meals, (10) never drink whey
there? solid d fo
so o
dzmthemu�h
a t (11)
!puttbefore a
ing food in the nzauth,
I wash.tbe hands.
Best: (1) Spend eight, to nine hours
in bed i very night. (2) Sleep out of
doors when you can. (8) Sleep as
nearly as possible in outdoor ,air all
the time. (4) Do not expect to sleep
at night unless the body extremities
are warm. (5) Lie down for ten in
twenty minutes rest near the middle_.
of the day if possible. -w
Exercise and Recreation: Spend at
least an hour a slay in recreation and
exercise, outdoors if possible, (2)
Take exercise, that is enjoyable and.
vigorous enough to require deep
breathing and to open the skin pores.
(3) Exercise daily, not only the ex-
tremities but the trunk of the body.
(4) Acquire and maintain a good pos-
ture. (5) Avoid weak and fallen
arches; wear healthful shoes.
Cleanliness: (1) Take a cool tub,
shower or sponge bath. Use coarse
towel for vigorous friction, (2) Twice
a week, take a warm, cleansing- bath -
at bedtime. (8') Attend to evacuation
of the intestine daily with absolute
regularity.
Mental Recreation: Get some form
of mental as well as physical recrea-
tion. Cultivate a hobbyCultivate
and preserve a play spirit.
Avoid worry as you would the
plague. Be cheerful. Be unselfish.
Preserve a sense of humor. Cultivate .
imagination. Be determined to be
physically fit, but don't worry about
your health of all things.
Two Ways of Handling
Tantrums
1 BY FLORENCE BASCpM-PTiiLLIi'S.
itor
expense of others, whether by wilful
disobedience, crying, holding the
breath or tantrums, that is the time
fpr the parent calmly hut certainly to
prevent it. One deckled victory on
the part of the parent will often prac-
tically end the matter, while one vie -
y on the part of the child mean's
"Mamma! I want to go out a
play," four-year-old Flossie announce
one morning.
"Not to -day, dear,"answered h
mother. "It is too damp and rain
"Please, Mamma," coaxed Floss
"I like rain."
"No, Flossie, you can't go outdoo
now," answered her mother firmly.
nd constant trouble for the parents from
d then on, trouble for each teacher the
!child ever has, and perhaps the re-
erg form •school or penitentiary eventu-
y." ally for the child. The learning in .
Vie,! the home, of obedience to parents and
irespect for the rights of others is the
rs' foundation for obedience to God and
respect for the laws of the land.
After more teasing to no avail, Flos-
sie resorted to a new scheme which
she was sure would bring Mamma to
time, that of berating all her mother's
friends and relatives.
"Grandma's bad! Grandpa's bad!
Aunt Mary's bad!" Flossie paced the
floor as she made the announcements.
To the child's utter chagrin, her
mother ignored her completely. Any-
thing would have been better from
Flossie's standpoint than to be ig-
nored; even a spanking would have
been preferable, for she would have
known she was making some inzpre
sion on Mother. She soon wearied o
that -scheme when she could see n
effect at all. Then she resorted to the
only means she had left to bring
Mother to time, that of having a tan-'
tram, the first and only tantrum she
ever had.
Flossie was not angry when she be.,
gan her tantrum, merely .determined'
to gain her point. You see, I have a'
perfect right to tell you what Flossie
bought, for I was Flossie, Flossie
ay down on the floor and kicked furl-'
ously and yeiied, "I want to go out-:
eonand play, I do!" Still, Mother
aid no attention whatever, and after1
few minutes Flossie wearied of bei;
ane -sided game and began playing
vith her dolls as good humoredly as
ver.
Contrast F.ossie's experience with
that of young Charles. When Charles
was about two years old he developed
the habit of screaming for what he
wanted and crying furiously if the
otherchildren did not give up to hila.
If this did not bring the accustomed,
.Let the baby have it, children," from
other, or, "Give that to Charles this
stant. You ought to he ashamed to
make a Iittle boy cry," from Father,
harles bumped his head, kicked his
eels, stiffened himself and bellowed,
ntil one of his distracted parents
meld give the desired command to
he other children. Then he would
rasp the coveted article, shut his jaw
efiantly and grunt one long "Ugh"after another until the epell subsided.
This course was followed until Charles
became so adept at gaining his point
that, even .after the arrival of another
baby, he continued to hold sway. It
was the baby who had to give in to
Charles, hot Charles to the baby.
Charles soon learned that the whole
fancily stead in awe of his "mad
spells" and he maze esti of . his. su-
premacy on every eossihle occasion.
Eventually, his parents wearied of
having a great big four-year-old lying.
on the floor kicking his heels and
sereaming, at the top of his voice a
dozen times a day and began punish-
ing
unish
ing him for it, and while they eventu-
ally succeeded in putting an end to
his tantrums by.this method, ice is
still, •at eighteen years of age, so dist
agreeable. that his family can scarcely
live with hila, for the selfishness which
was cultivated in him in babyhood has
own to monstrous proportions.
The first time any chi,;d shows a tie
,ruination to have its own way in
francs of better judgment or at the
5-'
fi
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"
THE STURDY REEFER COAT
FOR BOYS.
Boys like practical coats, and this
double-breasted model, No. 1085, .if
i made of Donegal tweed or covert
cloth, would give long. hard service
for school wear and accompany him.
to the ball game aftcz•w.rrd. The coat
has plain unbelted beret, long two-
. piece set-in sleeves, scotched collar,
and set-in pockets with flaps. Cut in
sizes 2. 4, 6, 8 and 10 years. Size 8
years requires 1% yards of 54 -inch
material, with 1% yards of 36 -inch
lining material. Price 20 cents.
HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS.
Write your name and address plain-
ly, giving number and size of such
patterns as you want. Enclose 20c in
stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap
it carefully) for each number, and
address your order to Pattern Dept.,
Wilson Publishing Co., 7S West Ade-
laide, St., Toronto. Patterns sent by
' return m.•�il.
Do not fill kerosene orgaso gine
lamps or stove tauks quite full. Leave
a little space.
'there is an old rural irraxint:
"Everything iii the hen house should
be as dry as a chip."
If fcnely varnished surfaces are
scratched, the damage elan be remedied
by rubbing lightly with alcohol to
),
seften the varnish met o--ure the
crack. When the varnish hardens
again, polish, and tlio scrateb will
newel.,' show.
gr
tel
de