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Zurich Herald, 1925-03-19, Page 7• Address communications to Apron mist, -73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto NITRO -CULTURES AND' THE INOCTJLATION OF LEGUME -"SEED. Although occurring to the extent about 80 per cent. in the air, nitroge is considered the most expensive o the elements of plant food. This i due to the fact that with the exeepti of member's of the legume faecalplants are unable to utilize this at mospheric nitrogen, but must depen upou the supply of that element in t soil, Leguminous plants, however,- alfalfa, clovers, vetches, peas, bean etc.,— are enabled to use the nitroge of the air through the action of bac teria which exist in the characteristi nodules found on the root system of welVdeveloped plants of this grout These useful bacteria, if present i the soil, enter the root of the youn, plant, multiply and develop the swell ngs or nodules, assimilating nitroge em the air and passing it on to th lant. The plants development i timu:ated, the nitrogen supply of th oil is conserved or even increased nd benefit is thus felt by a succeed ng crop. For each kind of legume a specie ariety of bacterias is required whos resence in the sail is necessary, If articular crap has been growin uccessfully in a short rotation it ma e assumed that nodule bacteria o_f th ight kind ere in the soil. Many soils especially in the newer districts, are eflcient in these bacteria, and in most ases where a legume is being grown or the first time, or after a long lapse f years, it will be of advantage to dd bacteria, or in other words, to noculate. Inoculation may be effected by tak- g soil from a field where the sane crop has grown AIto cessfuily and.in- corporatine it with the new.land at the rate of 200 lbs, or more per acre. This practice is often expensive and is always subject to the danger of introducing weeds, insects and plant • diseases. Another method, much simpler to apply, is, that -of adding a pure cul- ture of the nodule bacteria directly to the legume seed before sowing. This method has been tried for a number he of years, and in cases where •a scarc- ity of bacteria of the proper sort is s, suspected will give, in a large number n e of cases, beneficial results. The Dominion Experimental Farms wish to encourage the use of nitro - cultures among the farmers of Can- ada and the Division of Bacteriology n will supply free to any farmer who applies directly, sufficient nitro - culture to inoculate 60 lbs. of seed for any legume he wishes to try out. In making application it isTnecessary to state the kind of seed used and give, if possible, the approxiinate. date of seeding in order that cultures may be fresh. Furthermore, cultures are sent out only with the understanding that the applicant agrees to report the re- sult of his inoculation trial, whether it be successful or not. Many phases of the question of inoculation are not understood, and it is only by adcumu- lating information as to the results of •such trials by fanners themselves that many prob'.ems not yet solved will be cleared up. Application for culture should be made to the Division of Bacteriology, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Cultures are not sold, and the quan- tity supplied to any individual is lim- ited to the amount specified above. —A. G. Lochhead, Dominion Agricul- tural Bacteriologist. fr p s s a 'i v p s b r d c f 0 a in e s e e a g y. e POULTRY. PROPAGATING, ROSE Milk is of unquestionable value in PLANTS Rose culture is a fascinating su jest. Some varieties of roses root readily from cuttings and make ver good plants; but as a rule garden"ro bushes are stock roses budded on brier. That is to say, the root is brier and the upper portion is of tl same variety from which the bad wa taken. Climbers are perhaps .mor easily rooted. ,.If one will fasten the ground at different points, a youn poultry feeding. i� When fed for its nutritive value +i primarily the dry products, such as b- dried buttermilk or dry skimmiik, probably are the most economical and efficient. There are, however, other proper - se 'ties—palatability, and the tonic factor to which liquid sour milk possesses. a. When fed for this purpose, sour le skim milk or sour buttermilk as either comes from the dairy or the churn is s ideal. In the absence of this product e a semi-solid buttermilk, diluted and to fed as a beverage or slightly diluted g and mixed with the moist mash, is t highly desirable. The lactic -acid content acts as ,an interval disinfectant, cleansing the di- r gestive tract, . and the ration with ` which it is fed will be more quickly consumed and more efficiently di a gested. Milk can bo fed to the poultry flock ✓ without any material increase in cost b e e ey s sp h e f 5 n rill rose vine, it is likely to take root a each of the spots where it is in con tact -with the soil. The'Ixranch, efts having become well .looted .t the dif ferent �points,ean be severed betwe•en the rooted portions, ecah making new pleat. These of course will al be of the variety of the.,parent-climber Roses are budded on to briers o other wild stock because these ay more vigorous, that is to -say, th withstand adverse climatic condition better than some of the finer varietie of roses, particularly the hybrid teas Budding is done usually in the mont of August. A. T-shaped cut is mad by the operator in the main stem o a growing brier. The cut is made a close to the root as possible, usually lust above the surface of the soil. The bud, which has previously been take from a rose branch, is so trimmed as to fit in beneath the bark where the T cut was made. The bark is then wrapped tightly over the bud with raffia. The budding is best done on the south side of the brierso as to get full benefit of the sunlight. The bud, if all goes well, makes a perfect union with the brier, although no growth is shown that season. The following spring the bud 's'hoots out and grows rapidly. After a few weeks of growth, when the bud is seen to be malting progress, the brier branches are cut away, This throws all of the sap of the briar root into the new rose plant. It is well when cutting off the brier shoots, to cover the wound with paint. This keeps out moisture and saves the wood from weather injury. The operation of budding calls for • skill and experience. The buds are taken from cuttings of the present year's growth. One cutting will yield three or even four buds. The buds are found le the axils of the leaves, that is to 'say, everywhere a leaf is growing or one has fallen off, there exists a b•ud. Each bud is sliced off to lie inserted in the cut in the brier stem, Successful builders get ninety per: cent of the buds to take. When 'making standard tree roses ecause where it is fed for protein ontent meat scrap can be reduced. With the discovery -of vitamins, cod I iver oil has come into considerable rominence because it is rich in vita - tin D. A deficiency in this vitamin brings about leg weakness in young chicks. his is especially prominent in early etched chicks which cannot get the atural green feed; also when 'they o not get the benefits of direct sun ght. We can prevent this condition by supplying early hatched chicks with' cod liver oil. From 2 to 3 per cent. of it added to the ration of brooder chicks will guard against leg weak- ness. Cod liver .oils differ greatly he qual- ity, however, and their keeping qual- ity is dependent., upon how they are held. Feed mixed with the oil should be consumed immediately. The practice is to mix the oil with the dry mash, working by hand the quantity to be given into a small quantity of mach, and then dater mix - • the budding is done not at the foot of. the brier, but from three to four feet' up the stent of the brier. As a rule! two or .even three buds are inserted on one briar stem, spaced an inch or apart and on different •sides. Roses are shipped out front the nurs- ery as commercial bushes in their sec - end year, It is not uncommon for I mg this thoroughly with the entire mixture. The extent to which one uses the things mentioned will depend largely upon the cost balanced against; the benefits which one will receive. The Epsom salts baerel has become a regular part of the feed -room equip- ment. Its use is made necessary by the fact that during the winter season, when birds are confined, they cannot secure the abundance of green feed which is highly 'laxative and keeps Ihe:m in condition. During this period they are fed quantities of concentrated protein feeds. Laying flocks are very apt to become constipated, and a condition of auto -intoxication develop. This does not kill the birds, but it stows tip praduetion and lowers the resist- ance of the entire flock to disease. So the feeding regularly every two weeks of a moist mash containing one pound of Epsom. sats to each 100 birds is very desirable for the average pout- ryman. DAIRY. My experience, in dairying testehas top that it is a big paying investment to give the growing heifers good Bare. As a rule, when the young heifers in the fall are rather low in flesh on ac- count of the scant pester() that always precedes the coming on of winter, In growing young stoele to replenish the dairy.. herd the aim should be to keep them growing constantly, The, setback in growth during early :devel- opment is not only costly, but difficult to regain, and eltimately affects the usefulness of the animal. Often stunt- ing is permanent, and regardless of good feeding the latter cannot be•alto- gether overcome. I find it a good plan to keep my young heifers separate from the rest of the herd during the winter. Young stock of any kind is timid and fearful and especially when running with. the. .old=er stock. Growing heifers should have plenty of yardage space. They should be stabled at night and fed in such a way that each animal receives its full share of the feed. As a rule, roughage is not suffi- cient to meet the full requirements of growing heifers. I believe, however, that the grain ration can be material- ly reduced by feeding plenty of such roughages as corn, silage, clover, or alfalfa hay.—L. C. It. SHFRP, Ewes should produce a large uni- form flow of rich milk. To prepare ewes to do their best work during the nursing period, they should be put in good condition before the lambs arrive. Ewes cannot be expected to do their work satisfactorily and return the greatest profit if allowed to become run down in flesh and physical strength. Growing the lamb crop be- fore it arrives places aheavy claim upon the health and vitality of thee ewes. If the ewes lack in condition the lambs- are sure to suffer. To de- velop the milk flow in ewes, the feed- ing must be liberal. It has been my observation in hand- ling breeding ewes that milk produc- tion depends as much upon proper feeding before the lambs arrive as after. The milk producing system must be developed along with the growth of the unborn lamb crop. To achieve the desired end it is important to feed pregnant ewes a nutritious and appetizing ration of roughtages and grain. Sunshine Encourages Rickets. Scientists are now pointing out the value of plenty of sunlight in the growing of strong, vigorous, healthy bodies. Tropical men, accustomed to much sunlight; have strong bones' and good teeth. Remove these men to temperate climates , where the per- centage of sunlight is reduced by their changed habits of living, and they rapidly develop rickets and poor teeth, According to recent investigatiyws AN EXCEEDINGLY.. A.'t"1.'12AC"l.'IVE , ENGLISH TYPE O HOME,' WITH °A.T" 'A.CIIE G .R A,Q j 1320 DESIGNED MC W. W, lk"URD] �11E449E!!l9�3 Mil&1 Wail 2 ;« The home illustrated this week !s one recently planned and is now being built in one of the Country Club Districts in the outskirts of a large Western city. The design, somewhat English, is 'frame con- struction, using white cement plaster trowled smooth for the outside walls, with stained shingles on the roof. The soldier course of brick is carried around the base and a wide open terrace with ce- ment piers and iron rail give an inviting appearance; The entrance is through a vesti- bule; direct into the large living room across the end, the fireplace being placed in the opposite end. The ceiling over this portion has been furred down to pprovide for the return of the stairs, thus giv- ing a nook appearance to this end of the room. The dining room is most attractive with bu,,ilt-in' cor- ner cupboards and French doors leading out on the terrace. The kitchen is complete with ample cupboards, place for ice -box and sink and electric range. The grade entrance is used as a rear entrance also. This is convenient to the garage. The roof extends down over this email stoop and serves as a protection from the weather. On the second floor, there are four good bedrooms, each with 'cross ventilation and good wall space, together with ample closet room. The large owner's cham- ber in front is provided with three closets. The basement is complete with laundry, storage and boiler room, as well as a fain sized amusement room. The living room and sun -room, are finished in oak, stained wal- nut, with oak floors, while the kitchen, dining room are finished in pine, enameled. The second floor is ivory enamel over pine, with birch floors and tile bath. It is estimated that this home can be built for from $8,000 to $10,000, exclusive of heating and plumbing. there is a substance called cholesterol, of the character of wool fat, which when exposed to the sun's rays turns to active vitamines: These vitamines which are readily absorbed by the skin build up the bony structure of the body. Also, milk exposed to the rays of the sun has proven most effi- cient in curing babies of rickets. These facts tend to prove that sun- shine is a valuable ally in building strong, virile bodies. China is the home of the peach, and net Persia, as some folks think. The wild peach of China is called "Yeh t' ao." Peaches were mentioned in Chinese writings several hundred years before••the Christian era. The peach is more at home in North Am- erica than in any other place, unless it be China. The climate in the two laces is similar in many respects. MURDERING TREES FOR TRE BUZZ -SAW BY ARTHUR HERBERT RICHARDSON. Winter and sleighing time brings with it the seasonable task of wood cutting and thinning in the farm woodlot. The local proprietor of the buzz -saw makes his annual round and assists in harvesting fuel for next winter, e'ere'erthe snow of this is fully settled on the ground. The buzz -saw is an innovation of recent times which assists magnifi- cently in the cutting of fuel. A few years ago in our rural communities, ito such convenience was dreamed of. Any small' stuff which was cut and considered worthwhile for fuel was dragged up to the house and reserved for spare moments with. the bucksaw in the back shed or door yard. The buzz -saw is a great convenience in keeping down the soaring price of firewood, and yet by the increasing smallness of the stuff fed to it, it may become, in the end, more of a menace than a help. When we used to cut firewood on the back concession, only large trees were considered worthwhile, and chiefly those of beech and maple. I still reca:'1 those frosty days with the thermometer hovering below zero, the beauty and stillness of the frozen forest on ell sides, and the exhiliarat- ng exercise of splitting a chunk from a fifteen -inch maple. The axe re- ounded at each stroke as if striking a piece of rubber. Saplings and trees up to six inches were passed by as unmerchantable. To -day, these and trees the size ofa inan's wrist are fed regularly to the omnivorous buzz - saw, This is where the murder comes in. It is expected that trees of a cer- tain.. size will be cut, for after all, this is a part of the meaning of for- estry. And it will be necessary, in the judicious handling of the wood-- lot to take out small trees for certain reasons, but the practice of stripping a young woodlot clean of everything that can be used—mowing it down like a field of corn—is nothing but. murder! A FOREIL ANDEL) IrAItMI:R. the brier to throw up a branch from below the bud. If this is allowed to grow it will soon be receiving all the nourishment and the rose will suc- cun�.b. For this reason experienced garwleners watch for the brier shoots and cut them cif as :sooty as they ale Pea tI.'-•Can.. Hort, Council. Bread part through a special process invented by a. Swiss baker, is said to be as fresh now as it was when made net February. The inventor claims hat the bread treated by his sy stettt y will retrain fresh for two. years. I visited a farmer's home one day, in whose yard was a large pile of poles and limb material drawn up ready for the saw. I ex amittad its contents carefully and observed that it contained pin cherry, ironwood, white birch and some twisted beech and hard maple. I said to the owner, "I ace you are considering the future in the way you remove trees from your •wood'lot." "Yes," he said, "I want it to Iest. Some men cut every- thing; I simply take out the inferior species, those that I know will be killed out and others that are growing too thick." "-This, of course, was the common- sense way of handling the farm wood lot. The man required no book ad- vice on conserving his woods. He was doing the most natural thing—the thing that was obvious. And after all, 'woodlot forestry is simply assist- ing nature in what she is trying to do for herself. - On another occasion I visited a farmer's bush .which, in this case, was almost pure young maple. How differently he had operated. Every- thing wee cut clean. What couldn't be used for fuel was cleared away apparenufy as a matter of principle. Young, sturdy maples, which were groveing faster than at any other, time their` life had been murdered and stacked ready for the buzz -saw. USE YOUR TIIINNINGS. Let me repeat again that, in east- ern Canada,. the problem of fuel wood —and when we speak of fuel we mean hardwood such as, beech, birch, maple and a few inferior speeies— is not a problem of tree planting, but one of protection and judicious thin- ning and •improving. It is true that hardwoods will be planted to supple- nient existing woodlots and to create newones, but this is secondary, the important •thing is to keep intact and to manage with. a view to perpetuity, the woodlots that are present to -day. It goes without saying that fire and cattle wilt be kept out of the wood- t Iot, -Then if the following few simple rules are, observed, fuel and occasion- ally larger stuff may be taken with assurance that the bush will remain. Take all trees that have been thrown by , the wind and those that are dying front disease or other cause. remove old, short trunked trees, with unzbret e-l.•il o branches that interfere with younger growth. Cut all mis- shapen trees, those that are twisted and crooked ar badly crotched. Remove inferior species, such as bunchy haw-' thorn, blue .'beech, ironwood and others. Thin out here and there where: young, trees are too thick. Lastly, do not open the have a hole anywhere among the tops of the trees. And, by all means, leave the young, straight, thrift ' y good hardwoods! I Home E neat=®= "The Child's Firs School Is the Family."—Froebel. Should We Contradict Each 0 A Iong time ago there was a little girl who was bright, eager and full of life. Sly"e was impulsive, interested in everything she saw and brimming over with ideas. But so many times her eyes clouded, her interest dulled, because when she tried to show older people that she saw things differently, or meant something that they did not understand, they said to her sharply, "Don't you contradict me._ I am older than you and you should not contra- dict your' elders." The little girl had not meant to con- tradict, she had been trying to get out some of the many thoughts which tumbled over each -other; and which grown folks seemed so slow to under- stand. Yet' when these people told her things—and she was always so glad to have them talk with her—if she ventured her own ideas, they often flatly disagreed with her. "But you contradict me, Mama," she said with a puzzled appeal in her eyes one day. "That is different," said the mother. "I am older than you." The little girl learned to keep silent even tivhen she knew people were hear- ing things wrong, and she learned never to speak of it when older people quito flatly contradicted her, but she wondered and wondered. Why was contradicting wrong when you were young, and right when you Cher?—Ry Lydia Lion Roberts were older? It didn't make sense in the little girl's mind, it didn't seem right, but anyway there was no use asking any more about it because one only got into trouble. However, she made a big resolution, She resolved that when she grew up and married and had children, she would never, never contradict them. She - would not contradict them even though it were perfectly all right for her to do so. 'rhe years passed and the little girl married and had rosy, sturdy children.. When they began to grow to the eager, questioning, experimenting age, the grown up little girl never once forgot her early 'resolution. If she 'dif- fered in opinion with her little chit- dren she would say, "Perhaps you are right, but I thought it was this way," or, !throw are you sure that is so? Be- cause I had a different idea about it," or, sweetly and politely, "Excuse me, dear, but I think you are wrong." It was no wonder that the children were so obedient and happy in that house that people commented upon it. Sometimes the children would breathlessly break into a conversation, then the mother would say gently, "I know you don't mean to be rude, but wouldn't it be more polite and pleas- ant if you didn't answer quite so quickly? It sounded almost as if you contradicted me, but of course you and I • know that isn't right as we don't do it to each other." THE CHILDREN'S HOUR ABOUT BIG WORDS, Wattle Wattle's father uses big words; and Wattle, who likes thei sound,. tries to remember" them, and usually succeeds. Walde really doesn't do this to show off. First, as we said, he likes the sound of these words; and then there's another reason. Alec Esterville, whom the boys call Smart Alec, thinks. he knows more than any- one else because someone gave hint a big dictionary for his birthday. Every time Alec starts to show off by using a big word Wallis annoys him by using a bigger one that he "Wheat is antediluvian! It is, I, say! I can prove it!" "It is, Alec," chimed in W.lttie Wet tie, who had been silent all this time. "You might also say that neolithic"-- he chuckled as he pronounced the word—"man also grew wheat. I see you're not used to the word, The neo- Iithic age was thousands and thou- . sands of years ago when man used implements of polished stone. Some scientists thing paleolithic man grew wheat too. The pateolithic age was I beforel i just the neaithtc. It is some- � tunes called the unpolished stone age because the men that lived then had not learned how to polish their stone 1 tools. In—" But Alec was gone. As he made his retreat the other boys thanked Wattle, has heard his father use. The other; day Alec read in a newspaper than wheat had been in use for ages and ages. At once he got out his diction- ary and looked for a fancy way of saying this. Well, he found one, and; the next day he approached a group of boys in front of the school and said: "Do you kids know that wheat is quite an antiquated product; in fact, very antediluvian?" Then, though no one asked him for an explanation—forte-the boys were more interested itt tasking about the school baseball team—Mee started to explain : "Antediluvian means before the flood ---the one that Noah figured' in." Alen Withers, who likes to annoy Agee, yelled: "Huh! Listen to that! He says wheat cams before the flood, it must have come after it, 'cause wouldn't the flood have washed it away?" With this everyone laughed at Alec, who protested: Wiz:�\\�•: A New Version, Eldilur '.Von can't ge•t by wilih that inke. Thai's an old Pat and Mike wheeze." Jokssinith -"ltut don't you see how. I've improved it? I've Changed the names trout Pat and Mike lo Martin. Luther and Oliver t tomwell." The wha:ing industry in British •Conembin produces annually about 400 ions of whale hone meal and 000 tons of meat and brood for fertilizing, efs- poses. A small quantity of ibis is sold as fertilizer in the province teed the remainder is exported, pr]ncipelly to. the United States,