HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1924-08-07, Page 7Addreee communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide. St. West, Toronto
TAKING CARE OF THE HONEY ed in a number of tests completed dur
R ingtheo nin-
C OP,past few years on the D t
Honey is a perishable article ne ion Experimental Farms.
matter whether it is left in the comb In a feeding test conducted with
or extracted. With care it can be four lots of Yorkshire hogs, two corn -
kept in good condition for long per- menial tankages and a commercial
lads, especially in the extracted form. meat meal were fed in self-feeding
Nectar, as stored by the 'bees, con• hoppers as supplements to the meal
tains a high percentage of water, ration, which in this instance contain -
which must be . evaporated before the" • ed milk as well while the remaining
honey can be extracted. When the
cells are filled and the right amount of
evaporation has taken place, the
honey is sealed over andis then con-
sidered to be "ripe." It is not advis-
able to extract honey until at least
three-fourths of the cells are capped,
especially in regions where the honey
is inclined to be rather thin. Comb
honey should be left on the hives until
all cells containing honey are sealed
but should not be left on any longer
than this or the sections are likely to
become travel stained.
The honey should be extracted as
soon as possible after the supers are
lot was used as a check in order to
determine the economy of feeding
these supplements and also the quan-
tity which the hogs would consume.
The test commenced on January 9
and continued for a period of 90 days.
Each lot included seven pigs averag-
ing from 44 to 54 pounds in weight.
The meal ration for all lots consisted
of ground oats, 2 parts; ground bar-
ley, 1 part; shorts, 1 part; middlings,
1 . part; and linseed oil meal, 3 per
cent. The meal was fed as a milk slop
in troughs. Each lot of hogs consum-
ed 1,710 pounds of the meal mixture
and 3,322 pounds skim -milk. Lot 1
removed from the hives, and if done
used as the check and did not
while still warm, more honey will be receive meat by-products while Lot 2
taken from the combs. After the honey consumed 9.06 per cent of tankage;
is extracted itmust be strained to Lot 3, 11.4 per cent. of No. 2 tankage;
remove all foreign matter, Straining
may be done through fine cheesecloth
or by letting the honey stand in tanks
for two or three days, when all for-
eign matter will have risen to the sur-
face. If the honey is well ripened, it and the lot on meat meal. The aver -
should be placed in the final contain- age daily gainsper hog were 1.03
ers at once, before it starts to granu- 'pound's, 1.05 pounds, 1.08 pounds and
late, but if it is too thin it should be 1.09" pounds, while the feed costs par
left in the tanks a short time for' pound of gain were 6.23 cents, 5.68
further ripening. Honey should be cents, 5.74 cents and 5.89 cents re-
stored in a dry place as it readily' spectively.
absorbs moisture from a damp atmos- I The addition of the meat by-
phere. Honey ripening in tanks products increased the gains but this
should stand in a warm, dry room.' incr,ease was not sufficiently large to
Ripened honey in containers ready' compensate for the increased cost of
for market will keep better 4n a cold,! the ration.
dry place. Section honey should be; The results further indicate that it
stored in a well -ventilated room where; is not economical to add as much as
the temperature is high and constant 10 per cent. of meat by-products to a
or moisture will condense on the cap- well balanced meal and. milk ration.
pings and be absorbed.—C. B. Good- These results agree in principle
etham, Dominion Apiarist. with those . of previous tests in that
or anic
su l
ement
FEEDING MEAT. BY-PRODUCTS g ce s incperiseo the
IN HOPPERS TO HOGS. gains produced in a given period and
also that it is not usually economical
The value of organic supplements to supply these much in excess of 5
for hog feeding has been demonstrate or 6 per cent. of the meal ration.
and Lot 4, 9.06 per cent. of meat meal.
Lot 1 made slightly the lowest gains
as well as the most economical gains,
followed in turn by the lot on No. 1
tankage, the lot on. No. 2 tankage,
DISEASES OF DUCKS AND GEESE
BY HARRY M. LAMON.
Mature ducks .and geese are prac-
tically free .from disease. There is
a certain amount of loss among the
old. stock . but as a rule more on ac-
count of disease. Occasionally they
become rupturedbut rarely if ever Goslings are very free from dis-
get egg bound. They are practically ease, and a large percentage of those
free from. lice and other pests, hatched should be raised. Diarrhoea
There is a greater loss among is caused by bad feeding, by soft feed
ducklings than among mature stock in a sloppy condition, by stagnant
and every precautionshould be taken water or dirty drinking dishes.
to keep them in the best of health. Change their feed at once and give
Prevention of disease should be the them a small amount of cracked corn
byword in raising any and all types daily. Faulty feeding may also cause,
of fowls. lameness. Therefore study correct
Be sure that brooder temperatures feeding.
are correct and that feed used is ab- Supply grit and gravel and beef
solutely sweet and clean, and like- scrap if you expect geese to do well.
wise the houses and yards. The water Goslings sometimes contract an in -
dishes must be kept clean and well fectious disease called goose septi -
disinfected and the young birds have cemia which is similar to fowl
plenty of clean food if you want to cholera. There is no known remedy.
maintain them in good health. Kill the diseased birds and change
One of the most common diseases the balance of the hock to new ground
that ducklings are subject to is gapes if possible. The houses, feed troughs
or„ pneumonia. It is not the sante as and drinking vessels which the birds
gapes in chickens but a form of cold have been using should be thoroughly
range from which -they can secure all
the green food they wish.
Rats are very destructive, if they
get among ducklings, therefore pro-
vide against these pests.
which approaches pneumonia. When
the ducklings have contracted pneu-
monia they stand around, stretch
their necks and gasp for breath.
When it has reached this stage they
die in a very short time. Occasionally
mature ducks are affected., To pre-
vent and cure this disease be sure
that the brooding house and sleeping
disinfected. - °""
Both duck and geese feathers more
than pay for the cost of picking and
saving. The soft feathers should be
separated from the quills as there is
quite a difference in the value of the
different grades. After picking, -the
feathers should be put in a dry, airy
place so that they will dry outthor-
quarters are free from drafts and • oughly: This process can be hasten -
that the brooding. conditions are cor- ed by stirring the feathers every few
rect. days. Failure to dry the feathers
Fits is another disease that attacks'tthoroughly will result in their heat -
ducklings three or four days old. They ing and molding, and one will have to
take much less for feathers in this
shape than if they are thoroughly
dried.
simply, keel over and .die. It is un-
doubtedly caused from digestive
troubles and can generally be pre-
vented or stopped by feeding an
abundance of green food, Diarrhoea
is a common trouble among baby'
SHEEP.
ducks ,often caused by their becoming As a rule lambs are better taken off
overheated the ewes when between four 0 4• �;'" s, fi i.. ,�
or. chilled In the brooder ur and five .•-. ,:?�, w,."�,���.:�.;'35�:1«,�?: t4.^'`dcr.#,d�i.�;�A�S?.. ,,.,dU•,..e.r�,�t���;.
er by improper feeding, months old. By that time the ewes
The ducklings may become lame and will not have a great deal of milk and
many of those affected dies The it is better for both the lambs and
trouble is generally caused by feed- ewes that they be separated. The .
in A poorly breeding flock will have an o o tun- res "'':A>. " `..* ?r.''�A ��:' S
g P y balanced ration sour g PP r Iti�4 ry c s. • ::.. •• •. ;fit•
feed, overfeeding or damp pena ity to gain up in flesh and if the lambs
Occasionally ducklings will have an are put on good pasture they will
watery discharge in the eye, caused make better gains. If it is possible
by too much sloppy feed; Place the the separation should be made on a
birds by themselves correct th mei day and if they can be put at ` yy� w .;'" iw , ' ° 'w Y'; d
e feed �... • . � .,� :...�:'� �.•� : ...
Five years ago last fall It Betaine
impossible for the people of any
neighborhood to get an outfit to cut
their� ern or the silos.It was
h c f
get-
ting late in the season and there was
danger of immediate frost,
Finally a person ie the vicinity
who owned a threshing outfit agreed
to' hire us an engine if we could find
a cutter. We were no better off than
before, for It was impossible to get
the cutter.
I proposed to a neighbor that 'eve
go and look at a cutter and see ,if it
would pay to buy one on shares To
this he agreed and the next day we
started to find one. My neighbor'
thought that a second-hand cutter
would do as well as a new one und, of
course, would not cost nearly so ntueh.l
Not wishing to create any discord I
agreed to look at some of that type,
but on condition that before purchase
ing any he go with me and look over
a new one, We looked over the second -1
hand cutters and then I showed : him
the better points of a new one and
finally convinced him that a new cut-:
ter would be the cheapest In the end.'
WE BOUGHT AN ENSILAGE CUTTER. f
Thus did we purchase an ensilage!
cutter. The next day we brought it
home and the next set it up and got
the hired engine and the day follow-
ing put my corn into the silo easily
and quickly, the cutter doing fine
work. My partner's corn was also
cat that season, and another farmer
who was having the same trouble that
we had been having hired us to put
his corn into the silo.
The next fall a man was found who
promised to hire us his engine and
accordingly the people all began cut-
ting their corn, but when wo were all
ready to fill the silo and phoned the
man to bring oe his engine, he flatly.
refused to do so at any price. We
were now in a bad position as our corn
was fast losing value by lying on the
ground, and there seemed to be no
way of getting an engine.
THEN WE BOUGHT AN'ENGINE.
T ran my car out of the garage and
went to another one of my neighbors
and asked hint to go with me to look
at an engine. To this he agreed and
that afternoon we hastened to the
nearest dealer and found that he had
on hand the very engine r:ecommendi }t
to run the cutter that we had previ-
osuly purchased. It was obvious tnat
the engine was .the solution of out
problem and.we purchased it on
halves at once. The next day I
brought it 'home and we started lee
cutting corn and in a few days the
job was done.
Now we save every year the $60 or
$60 formerly spent for getting our
ensilage cut.
SAWING WOOD AND GRINDING FEED.
The engine and cutter did not satis-
fy our taste for co-operation. The
fruits of co-operation were too sweet.
I bought a wood -saw and my partner
bought a feed -mill, Last winter that
feed -mill was a source of everlasting
comfort to us. When we ran out of
feed all we had to do was to take our
grain to the engine -house, start the
engine and grind out the feed. This
was somewhat easier, more comfort-
able and more economical than . to
travel three or four miles to mill on
a cold winter day. Not only was it
useful in that way, but we realized a
neat profit on our investmenta,by
rinding our neighbors' feed,
As for the wood -saw, we cut our
winter wood quickly and easily and
if any of our neighbors wish any:cut,
we are in a position to do it easily
and quickly.
Water and Shade.
Animals suffer greatly from th
heat. We are busy in the summer
and prone to let the e live stock loo
out: for 'itself. Most all kinds of
domestic animals ;are very capable o
doing this if they have the'oppor
tunity.
Too often, however, they are shu
up in fields and pastures through the
heat of the day.without shade and
without water. These two things
properly provided, will go a long way
toward keeping the animals comfort-
able, and there is - nothing that can
take their places.
The ideal pasture contains both a
liberal supply of dense natural shade
and clear running water, but these
ideal conditions are given only to the
few. On many farms they must be
provided by artificial means, and
where this Is necessary it will mean
a great deal to the farmer to see that
they are not neglected.
The same sheds that offer the live
stock shelter from the cold and storms
of winter, may often be used to pro-
vide protection from the sun's direct
rays in the heat -of summer, in which
case they should be kept reasonably
clean and well ventilated. But stables
that are closed may become well nigh
suffocating to a hot animal on certain
days when the atmospheric condition
aro .oppressive.
The artificial water supply may
also be entirely satisfactory if it is
adequate. A good windmill and sup-
ply tank is a 4.reat labor -saver and
means a constafit supply d water
on hand. 'fhe important •thing is to
see that water is available where the
animals can get it at will, or, at
least, that .it is supplied often on
hot days.
An Attach f Woolly Cater.
pillars Threatening.
Late last August and also in Sep-
tember and early October there was
an outbreak of a pale, yellowish,
hairy caterpillar which attacked and
defoliated many apple orchards and.
caused much concern to apple grow-
ers, so says Prof. L. Caesar, Provin-
cial Entomologist. Usually an insect
of this kind is troublesome only for'
a single year and then . disappears,
but from the'number of adult moths
which have been captured or seen
lately, there are strong indications
that there will be another. outbreak of
this `caterpillar in August this year
and also, perhaps, of a closely related
one which is covered with black and
yellow hairs instead of with yellow
hairs alone. Fruit growers and:
others - should examine. their trees
from time to time to see if there are
ninny of these caterpillars' present.
The caterpillars will, of course, at
first be quite small. If they are
abundant enough to justify control
measures, they may be destroyed by
spraying with 1% or 2 pounds arsen-
ate of lead powder to 40 gallons of
water. The early sprays will not de-
stroy these insects, because they will
all have been washed off or much new
foliage will have come out before the
caterpillars appear and this new
foliage will not have any poison on it.
The only advantage of a scrub cow
is that it doesn't take so long to milk
her.
MAKING AN OLD KITCHEN NEW
BY DORIS W. Sal:CISAY,
The ether day a group of women
met to talk about making over kit-
chens. After partaking of an unusu-
ally good picnic- dinner and the usual
exchange of recipes, we began the
e regular meeting.
Our specialist, sent by the Women's
k
Institute Branch of the Provincial
Dept. of Agriculture, first asked the
f women which they wanted most, light
-, or water in the kitchen. She' told of
one woman Who had,a sink and run-
t ning water put into her kitchen for
$6, another for $8, each confessing
that she could have afforded it long
,; ago had she known how email the ex-
, pense would be. Several women pres-
ent who had had electricity installed
pointed out its advantages, and acid
they used the power not only for light,
but for running - .their various ma -
1 chines. The relative cost of acetylene,
electric light from a farm plant, and
light from the high-power line were
discussed.
HOW MUCH WINDOW SPACE?
Brackets over the sink and work-
table to hold lamps where they would
give best light for evening work were
then recommended. Our specialist
said the glass area in a kitchen should
be 20 per cent. of the floor area.; for
instance, a room measuring ten by
twelve feet would have 120 • square
feet in the floor, and therefore. the
A worn ingrain carpet treated with,
a filler, paint, and varnish makes; a
good substitute for linoleum.
Mop -wringers then came up for alis -1
Icussion and ft was remarked that one.
i never sees a janitor wringing a moll
by hand..
I E ARRANGEMENT DISCUSSED,
D CUS kl
1� �'C N Alta Q S S ,
1
There was more truth than poetry
in the humorous cartoon showing the
Woman In an old-fashioned, kitchen
walking several rods during the mak-
ing of an apple pie. At our.rneetiug
a kitchen plan was shown and the
lines of travel traced which the owner
would walk during the preparation of
meals. The plan was then re -arranged
by means' of a few 'changes which
would save many hours of work and
miles of travel during the year. We'
then adjourned to our hostess' kitchen
and watched her make a pot of coffee,
1 walking just eight steps, while our
specialist hold how in the old kitchen
of her girlhood borne, she had walked
eighty steps in performing the same
task, while a little thought in arrange-
ment of materials would have saved
thine and steps. The advantages of tea
carts, wheel trays, and ;tables on cats*
tors were discussed. Our hostess ext
plained the advantages of her kitchen
Which she planned just as she wanted
it when they built the house a few
years ago.:: It Is a most convenient
kitchen for a counhry home. '
We then filled out questionnaires
which set us thinking about our own
kitchens. The questions concerned
water supply, light, ventilation, floor
and wall finishes, kind of fuel, storage
space, equipment and floor plan. Ques-
tions about - equipment were worded
something like this: "Do you have a
reffrigerator, high stool, comfortable
ehaii, dish drainer, gasoline iron,
ea et deeper, ve.cuum cleaner, wheel
era, power washer, electric iron, mop
}wringer, fireless cooker, pressure cook.
er, dumb waiter?"
Ieeless refrigerators, those which
lower into a hole beneath the cellar
floor, wire favored, since they would
also serve as dumb waiters for carrrxyy+
ing fruit jars up and down Gellert, Tlie-
price of these refrigerators ranges
from $36 to $45, and in some Oases
they have been copied by the home.
carpenter. A hole two feet deep in the.
cellar floor was suggested as a cool
place in which to keep milk. A win-
dow box is. handy for the less cold
part of winter, the box being attached
to the sill so that when the window 10
raised the food can be put into it tq
kee cool. r •- •
Itchen problems were talked
over, and I out sure every one of us
went home and improved our own
kitchens, if only to move the salt box
and the tea canister nearer the stove
windows should total twenty-four,
square feet of glass. She mentioned
s white walls as making the room seem
lighter and larger; but light gray or;
tan walls are preferable because soft-
er in tone and easier to keep clean in
a room where canning, separating and !
some Of the hecavy tasks incident to i
i butchering aro dne, Our hostess
stated that she liicee her white kilion j
and finds it little troubleQ to !scop
clean, but she hes me small children,'
and her simpler ki+tchen (iz; the base-
ment) adeoiriiifSdatth separator, wash,•
er and meals for harvesters.
THE BEST FLOOR/NO.
Samples of flooring, including oiled
hard maple, varnished hard pine, in-
laid and printed linoleum, were then
shown. The oiled floor is good when
a little oil is used and it is rubbed well
into the grain of the wood, using much
pressure. Women who had different
floors told of their advantages and
disadvantages, linoleum was in favor.
as tho easiest to clean and the pret-
tiest to look at. The method of pre-
serving It isto give it three coats of
J good grade floor, varnish every other'
year. She had seen a linoleum four -1
teen years inuse which had
i given this care and it was in fine con -
P dition. After the figures have worn
off the printed linoleum, two coats of
paint and one of varnish were advised.'
Strange Botanical Phenomenon
THE CHILDREN'S
HOUR
MONEY -MAKING STUNTS.
Taking care of my mother's chick-
ens I have found to be a profitable
business.
My sisters were knitting sweaters
to earn money, and, as they were
earning money, I was eager to earn
some also. I had no way to earn it.
One day mamma told me If I would
take care of the chickens she would
give me an egg out of every dozen
I thought this a good way to earn
Money, so I started out,
My duties are as follows: In the
morning I give deem feed, water, and
open the nests. At night I give them
feed, water, gather the eggs, and shut
the nests. About every two days I
make them a mash which I put in the
self -feeders.
We have about 100 hens. Some
White Leghorns and some Rhode Is-
land Reds, On an average we get
about five .or six doezn eggs a day.
We now have about fifteen hens set-
ting, so we do not get as many eggs
as at first.
On an average I get about eighty
cents each week, From this i put ten
cents in the bank each week for the
Christmas Savings Club, I also put
away that much at home.
I keep enough on hand to buy nay
pencils and tablets for school, and to
give at Sunday School.
I enjoy doing this work very much.
—Marjorie J.
Last year my mother gave nae four
ducks and a drake and told ins I could
do whatever I pleased with them, so I
saved all the eggs and set them as
fast as I got enough to set, I hatched
104 of them and raised ninety-five. I
old enough ducks to bring $60, all of
which I put in the bank and it is;
there yet. I mean to leave it there.
and to pert more with it. .
We had some ducks to eat. I think
ucks are bettor than chicken to eat.
The last fourteen ducks I gave to
my mother to pay for the feed I used
feeding my ducks. I fed the little
ducks bread or johnnycake in 'milk
until I got them started, then I gave
them z wet feed of corn meal, bran
and middlings, with a little meat scrap
mixed in. I keep them c;osed in small
pens on hot days and let them' out in
he evenings when the sue wasn't so
hot for them,• --David S,
The best money -making stunt thet
I ever had was a share in an time of
etictrmbcr pickles. I know that there
is money in them for I have tried
and bathe their, eyes in some anti- different ends of the farm it will pre
septic solution such as boracic acid vent :a good deal of fretting and
and in a short tinge the condition will worrying. It is not advisable to put
disappear. them together again but to make the
Feather satin � occurs generally i first separation final.
$ g neralw en grass field
ducklings "that are kept in crowded A rape pasture with a
quarters. It starts when a birdis adjoining makes an'ideal pasture for
injured and the other birds, attraetsd the lambs after weaning. If this is
by the blood, pick at it. Soon' the not available, second growth. fresh
habit spreads among the flock. Re- clover or fresh spring seeding that
move the blather eating birds, if it leas made good growth will make a
has not spread:, through the whole good substitute. In the case of pure -
flock, and price them with older birds fired floc -es where the male Iambs have
fully ;feathered. This will generally been kept for breeding purposes it
break the habit. Where it as bee y will bo Iiecssary to separate them
quin-1 h ome
general give thefts 1 t f from the ewe Iambs.
p en y 0
The o
The most remarkable botanical discovery in recent. times has been the,
discovery a short time ago that the Douglas fix., growing in certain pats of:
the dry belt of Bri ish Columbia yields attood sn r quite, aspalatable and
tCh p ga q e
much sweeter than cane or beet suger used on ordinary occasions in the'
1
The photo accompanying will tell better than words*hat it looks like.
ilivery year for centuries the Indians have gathered It, and the bears break
down branches to get It: but until lately It hiss escaped the white, inaffs at,
tention. rt contains nearly fifty per centof Melertose tri aoce
r•
hide, formerly only obtained from a shrub ,to Persia. ---Francis Dickie,
them. There are many more tninga
to make money, but I take pickles for,
mine. Here is my reason for liking
them.
Last year my father planted
acre of pickles, and if we would ho
them and take case of them, we would
get part of the money they brought.'
At the end of the summer we had
made $79.98. We •each got $11.98 to
add to our bank accounts.'
We made the very best use of our;
money. Just now, when we don't neer
it, we put it in the bank because it is
drawing interest, Then when We neer
it, it will be a much larger 'h!em than
when we put it in there.
I think it is well for children who
have the chance to grow somethil•
of their: own and get the money fro
it for their own, because It tete
them how to raise a special thing a
how to care for it,
We have.put in another crop of
pickles this year and the money will
be ours if we take care of them. '3�oi
can't lose on pickles, because if they]
do not grow, you don't have to bother
with them. ---Martin L.
Poultry Manure for the
Garden,
Poultry manure is an ideal garden
manure. It is very strong. It con -4
tains more phosphorous than other
manures. I found that if the drop-
ping boards were dusted with arches or
soil to absorb the ammonia, and the
scratching material was mixed with
the droppings from the board in a
compost pile it made a top -dressing
for use during the summer that had
no equal among fertilisers, improved
only by using acid phosphate or ab-
sorbing material on the dropping
boards. It made my plants dark in
foliage and rapid in growth. It will
be improved by the addition of some
boneineal if acid phosphate is not used
as an absorbent.—A. H.
The next time you have trouble
fastening an engine, treani separator,
or even a barn partition to a concrete
floor, try the following plan and 1
think you will beas well pleased with
it as I have been:
Chisel the neteessary holes in the
concrete. With a templet, set the bolts
and hold them accurately, Melt sal«
phur and pour into the holes ;to 1111
thein, and let it _harden. It will so
weld the bolts to the concrete that
they can net be twisted loose, and will
spring enough that it will not erack.
The one caution is, be sure the con-
trete is perfectly dry, or the dealt
generated by the hot sulphur will
drive it out before it has held time to
harden, - at 11'`
•