Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1924-02-21, Page 6ddress communications to Aoronoir Jst; V i'q¢,slald* at, West. Toronto AI R YOUR POTATOES. Thousands of . bushels of potatoes ere lost to Ontario farmers every year, due to two diseases which occur fre- quently and aro preyentable with pro- per precautions. These diseases are chilling injury, or "field frost," as it is sometimes ea led, and breakdown. The first of these two'diseases is caused by slight chilling' of the potatoes after they are dug from the ground or are in storage or transit. Potatoes subjected for per- iods as small as three or four hours at temperatures:near the freezing point of water, thirty-two degrees, are affected. Often the tubers are nor- mal to all external appearances, but when cut open Show brown or grayish - black areas in the flesh of the stem end, about an eighth of an inch be- neath the skin, the flesh being some- what withered at these places. Others show a blackening in the interior part of the flesh, which may extend for a considerable distance into'the tuber from the stein end. When cooked, such tubers, instead of being white and neealy;:are blackened and soggy, much to the chagrin of the housewife. Breakdown . of potatoes may be of two types --the one a superficial dying of areas of the skin, and the second a deep internal discoloration of the flesh. The surface breakdown of potato b bed for growing. the early plants, no seed should be sown for several days after the manure has been placed in the bed. If a good grade of manure has been used the bed will heat violently at first and it is not saf sow seeds in the soil until this ini heating is over. It is a good plan plunge a thermometer through soil into the manure and as soon the temperature has fallen to ab eighty or eighty-five degrees Fahr heft the bed is ready to plant, very e to tial n to the as out en- os- os - hes ted ey ws his gs. ry, or be ut ow ess en nd as g yards as often i cult to deg peat thoroughly under our possible. . I climatic conditions and to get good eP, When ready to take up the business' dry sawdust is equally difficult. For - le the first consideration is one of lo-.tunately, good dry straw, the absorb - cation. A good location is one that ent most'generally available, is also eni will produce a fairly continuous sup- ` one of the best absorbents. ten( ply of pollen and nectar from early Tests show that one pound of straw th spring until fall, with at .least one will absorb in twenty-four hours fro source that can be depended upon for 23 to 2si� pounds of liquid. Oat sera a heavy crop. Transportation, avoid-, q ante of overcrowding, and shelter' is found to be a slightly better ab from winds are other factors to bear sorbent than wheat straw. Oat straw n mind when choosing a place for according to analysis, contains 1 the apiary. Locality will also deter- pounds of nitrogen, 4 pounds o re • e - e The soil of the bed should be lo ened and made as nearly level as p sible. For growing lettuce or radis to maturity the seed should be plan directly in the soil of the bed. Th should be sown rather thinly in ro about four to six inches apart. T will allow of thinning the seedlin and stirring the soil when necessa If the -plants are to be grown f early transplanting, they may started in the soil of the hotbed, b it is better to start them in shall boxes or flats. Flats slightly 1 than twelve inches wide and eighte inches long outside measure, a about two and one-half inches de will be found convenient to hand and they will fit into the frames wi out leaving any waste space. Wh the flats are used, the seedlings e taken to a warm place when t re ready for shift' Haw to Start Beekeeping. Absorbents' " the -Stable,'. Bees can be kept profitably almost Approximately one-third of the .anywhere in Canada and each ,year, excrement voided by animals is liquid. the number of beekeepers gradually! The liquid voidings .of . cows, accord- increases. Anyonie'can keep bees, but' ing to analysis; eontain in one ton 20: it is advisable that, persons having an] pounds of nitrogen and 27 pounds oil unusually high nervous temperament potash. The solids voided contain in Home Education "Th. Child'e First School IR the 1's�mlly"-rroobrl." Discovering and Encouraging Your Child's Talent and those who are badly affected by fete ton 8 pounds of nitrogen 2 pounds BY HELEN GREGG GREEN. Dropping in at a friend's the other day, I found her sitting on the.floor admiring a wooden aeroplane her small son was making. "Isn't it splendid" she smiled, handing it to me. "I'm going to build big aeroplanes, and bridges, and houses, and things, when I grow up!" Buddy exclaimed. "Indeed he is!" the mother declared. When six.' year old Buddy had re- turned to his playing his mother said, tnee u y was old enough to show any special interest along any line, I've tried to detect his natural gifts. He always loved building things. And. I have encouraged this talent to the best of my ability. we have furnished him with plenty of building material. And I'm never too busy to stop, look, and admire," "You're right," I replied, very much interested. "Plenty of talent has been left to die because of lack of interest the poison of bee stings should not potash and 4 pounds of phosphoric attempt it. The returns from bee- acid, Taking the price of commer- keeping are' as certain as those in any c 101 fertilizers as a basis for compu- other business and I do. not think tation, approximately .$G6 for nitrate there is any other branch ,of ag1i, of soda (15 per cent.), $24 for acid culture that yields as high returns ,for Phosphate (16 per cent.), and $50 for. the small amount of capital invested muriate of potash (50 per cent.), per. or the time required. ton; the value of these elements would Anyone intending to start ' be 22. centsper pound for i beof benitrogen ing must have a fair knowledge of bee; 7z/i cents for phosphoric acid, and .5' behaviour acid what the bees require, - eents per pound for potash. A thorough g knowledge of modern` From. the above calculation it will methods is not necessary to make a be seen the liquid manure is worth - start; indeed, this knowledge can only $4.40 for the nitrogen, it contains and I come through years of practical ea. $1.35 for the potash, a total value of perienee. The wider one's experience $5.75 per ton, while the solids are the better beekeeper one becomes. It worth $1.76 for the nitrogen, 10 cents' is essentialtobe able to' apply knowl- for the potash and 30 cents for the edge promptly and to do . the right phosphorus, a total value of $2.16 per thing at the right time. The business ton. It is obvious that it is very im of beekeeping is one of details and portant to conserve all liquids voided one that requires specialists. , To gain by animals. This can be done in prac- the knowledge required,. it is advis- tice by using absorbents of some kind able for the prospective beekeeper to which permit the return to the land of spend at least one season .with a good this valuable fertilizer with as lit tle' beekeeper if at all possible. If this cannot be done much may be learned One pound each of well dried peat, 1 by attending short courses in bee- throughly dried sawdust, and dried THE CHILDREN'S. keeping at any of . the colleges, read- I' leaves will absorb, respectively, 5, -4, ing good books on the subject or visit-' and 1% pounds of liquid. It is diffi- HOUR ing neighborin bee loss as possible. on the part of the parent," "I had a cousin," .the mother con-" "who wile would have been a fa -i mous painter but for his father." "His father?" 1 interrupted. "Yes. He was always saying, `No' artist son for me. I whnt a regular boy,' When Joe begged to be sent to an art school, where he could ex- press the beauty hidden away in his soul, the father refused, and packed him off to a military academy. He never accomplished ,anything, So I'm trying hard not to be that kind of, parent." After I left, I thought how wisel Buddy's mother is. How much talent ' has been lost to the world, through the stupidity, care- lessness, and thoughtlessness of par- ents! So let us study our boys and girls,! encouraging and developing the tal- ents they possess,. r""'--- tubers is an injury which makes its appearance after the tubers have been placed in storage. The first symptoms b are 'observed by the grower three or T four months after the date the pota- p toes were stored, when some tubers wh in the bins show on their surfaces b :ightly sunken, round or irregularly- r'raped spots . varying in size from p I me -sixteenth to three-fourths of an g i. "h in diameter. The borders of the seats have a blueish or gun-metal hue. Upon cutting these sunken spots with re s knife, it is found that they are only in skin, no rotting has progressed into th Ireown layer of deadcells beneath the th skin, no rotting has progressed into ing an u the work: can be done more easily than when] ending over the frame of the bed. J he flats can also be shifted from one art of the frame to another and henever necessary they can easily; e transferred to cold frames who the plants are to be hardened in pr aration for transplanting to th arden or field. A Mother Goose Party in Woodland. A11 the Woodland folks were so glad to see Bruin after his adventure with the man and the boy, that they zn decided to have a party in his honor. �v Never before had one of their friends - had such an experience and lived to , tell abut it. 2 So the very next day after Bruin f .came home, the'Woodland folks re - h ceived invitations to a party at Rally t Rabbit's house that read something mine the system of management, the phosphorus and 24 pounds of ptas equipment used and kind of hone per ton. If we attribute to the plan produced. Y food constituents in oat straw th Whenever possible the be ` I same value as that given to them i Some kinds of plants, such as m ons and cucumbers, do not transpl adily, but if the seeds are Plante soil placed in some receptacle s at the plants can be transferred e garden without disturbing th- ots, much earlier crops can be se red. Commercial gardeners u pedal dirt bands extensively for thi rpose. Old berry boxes, clay o aper pots, squares of inverted sods tin cans with the tops and bottom melted off are also •:used. M A good soil for starting seeds and ants is made by composting soft d stable manure; but if 'a compost g is not available,' a satisfactor oil may be made lay mixing together e part of well -rotted manure, two rts of good garden loam Or rotted e tuber. This surface breakdown en TO is the so-called "Buttonrot" of the s trade, but it is not a true rot of the P tuber. u ethke this: ni e1-� should purchase one or twoginner, commercial fertilizers, ve find that a colonies ton of oat straw is worth $2.64 for ant of Italian bees with tested queens in the nitrogen it contains, 30 cents for d his- own vicinity. These should be in: the phosphorus and $1.20 for the o modern hives. The hive in common potash. a total of $4.14. Assuming to ( use is the' ten -frame Langstroth, al- that two tons of liquid manure e though some beekeepers now prefer (urine) can be conserved by using a -� a larger hive carrying twelve frames, ton of straw, the three tons so pro- se or the ten -frame Jumbo, which is a s ' deeper hive. duced would have a fertilizing value r Bees can also be bon o or The pitting of the tubers becomes oor more pronounced as the season ad- vances, and with the coming of warm weather in the spring the most severe symptoms of breakdown are seen. at Many tubers are found to be soft and hes mushy, and others, when cut open, show black centres, a condition known �n as `"blackheart." Blackheart often oc- r,urs in refrigerator oar shipments or .13°' in shipments where stoves' cause over ."0 "Come with a whoop, come with a call; Come with good will, or not at all To a Mother Goose party at Rolly's home, At two o'clock Monday afternoon." On the invitations each one was re- que rep ac bought in one, tw I of $15.64, or $5.21 per ton. E three -pound tombless packages and ! Our tests have shown that 1,000 new s if obtained early enough in the season) pound steers kept in box stalls aver -I tle are often equal to overwintered 'col -I age 78 poundsng hbeddinge d of manuresed,per day,, Ian onies. No one should make the mis. f ten pounds hper steer perused, which That! ed. s take of purchasing package bees until is, the voidings amounted to 68 pounds ' he has' hives and other accessories in each per day. One-third of this am- tins Y readiness. _ ount, twenty-three In addition to the colonies of bees pounds, its abs Roil a supply 1 of supers is necessaryliquid,: provision was .made for .ab- pp Y P f�_, sorption. This,'the ten 'pundsof straws as file storage of the crop; the equivalent dad satisfactorily. This 'amt Pict of three deep •supers bei" all amount of seer white heating of the tubers. It is common be with pitted potatoes ,when the spring.be weather is excessively warm. ds, and one part sand. These must excited• thoroughly 'mixed together =by oveling, after which the soil should sifted through a screen before cing it in the flats or bands in ich the seeds are to be sown. The date of starting seeds in the -bed is governed by the date that plants can be set in the open und. Cabbage, cauliflower and let - e are , cool season crops and the, nts may be set out as early' in the1 son as the soil can be worked in � goo condition, but it is not safe to out tomatoes, melons and other rm season crops until the soil is m and all danger of frost is over. s a rule, cabbage, cauliflower and; ee may be started about six wee before the plants will be needed' setting in the garden or field; to - Des and d e er s eighteaal ,� peppers weeks; e t, celery and onions about ten' es; melons and cucumbers, four ix weeks. Pleasure and Profit. I was anteing along a provincial highway one blistery winter day. Hav- ing been on the road for hours, I was• tired, and I was still far from a large. city or town.. Chilled through as I -was, a sign, hanging in- front of a little home, was very welcome. It read: • IiOT TEA OR COCOA Served at the Farm House Come in and Get Warm Driving in through the open gate-` way, I stepped to the door: It was opened before I could knock. A cheery "Come in and get warm," was the greeting from the woman of the house. Then I was shown into a sunny dining -room. A wood fire was burning in the open fireplace --a real one, such as city folks'do not often see. "Do you know," said the little wo- man, as she prepared my cup' of cocoa, and also made (at my request) a tasty jelly sandwich, "it's a real pleasure to have people dropping in as they do, from near points and ted to carry or wear something distant ones. In cold heather I m more or less, ut-43 a like compare,; ` fly pe'aple, e to step into a real farmhouse. group of young people from asked if they could come out_ ve a little party in my dining - I planned old country games reshments for them, and I had e of my life with them." doesn't it tie you down con- )ly?" I asked, farmer's wife laughed. "No," id, "because the sign isn't tie& When.I don.'t:wish to' be dis- rb Vin, or when I am going away, I -. g owed t fi •n. littlei tu for each colon straw may a is thought seem to be Y• Queen excl The enormous Ioss caused by break- pla down each year can be prevented by, wh giving more attention to ventilation! in the construction of new potato hot storage houses or by remedying the the defects of those already constructed. gTc' The following recommendation's are. tut made: pia 1. Provide each - potato cellar or I sea storage house with inlets for fresh air g° and outlets for - foul air. I set 2. Provide false floors and walls v'a for the bins. Iwax 3. Provide air spaces between bins.i A 4. N s,. bee escapes, smoker and a veil are also .necessary. increase is desired a i'few complete hives should bo on'hand. for this purpose. There are several. manufacturers of bee supplies'' that, excessive, as ten pounds of straw leas a considerable bulk, but it is no more Ithan is necessary to take up all the liquid thoroughly. It is not wise to be stingy with bedding materials and it is doubtful if straw can be used in y other way to as good advantage. er' If we desire that gains be made, the the' comfort of the animals should b st the d- n- e - d. cap. "Now. each one "must guess who e other represents. The one who guess the most right will get this," exclai ed Roily, . holding up a pretty re package. Then all the aminal fol began to puzzle their brains an a I just the I trade, yes see is transient Ido t nhook the sign. Much of the send out catalogues on app Iication e potatoes in piles ' lettu more than five feet deep without mak-' we - ing some provision for air to get to' for the, centre of the pile. 'eat SOWING plan SEEDS IN HOTBEDS. D . S weer When using the manure -heated hot- to s POULTRY Save the Woodlot. I find that farm house floors are It is a shame the way some farm sometimes not exactly Ievel, whether ers neglect their woodlots. Trees th they are concrete basement floors or blow down during storms are allowe the wooden- floors of upstairs rooms. to remain as they fall, to rot and de - It pays to have the incubator level, cay. Large heaps of brush are allow as heat' tends to move upward and ed to accumulate and litter the woods we wish an even temperature all over preventing the growth of new tree the machine. A level machine is•less and harboring rodents that do seriou subject to vibration than one whioh damage to orchards and crops tha is not setting squarely on all four are nearby. These brush piles ar legs. first-class places for forest fires to In some incubators I have used, the start. legs have not been machined carefully - Fallen trees in a woodlot should enough to make the machine set level. immediately be 'Cut up and disposed I find wooden shingles are a great of. The stumps of these trees should help in firmly placing an incubator. be blasted out and hauled away. Dead They are thicker at one end than the trees that are standing should be cut, other .and can be gradually shoved as they are of no good to the forest, under the legs until the machine is but slow the growth of the little trees exactly level. There is no satisfac- by shutting out the sunlight, the food tory substitute for the spirit level in of the little trees. placing an incubator, but a dish of In Germany, whenever a tree is cut water placed in the middle of the or destroyed, two small treesmust be machine is the next hest method. planted to preserve the forests. This Be sure that the legs are not sprung is part of the German law, We wish In shit-ing the machine. Thev mnKE a •C;ia;` law was in force hi Capada. and by studying these the begin" should have no trouble in choosing supplies he might require. It mu be borne in mind, however, that equipment purchased should be. me ern and suitable for the purpose is intended for; also -to keep it sta dard. The importance of a small b ginning with as little expense as po Bible cannot be too strongly urge Unless he has had some experien with bees, do not be tempted to pu chase a large number of colonies, even though h th g ey are offered at ab ar •a . It is discouraging to invest a larg sum of money in an apiary and the to lose most of the bees during t e first winter through lack of ex sidered though, ed g ,judging by the bed- ding used in many stables, this fea- ture is not given great consideration. Everything favors a more gener- ous use of absorbents, and fortunate- ly with a good straw crop this year, this requirement can be much better met than during the past few years. cel It is also wise to keep in mind that r- straw has a considerable value above the fertilizing elements contained, in n. that it eventually furnishes humus to e the soil, thus greatly aiding in keep - n ing it in good tilth, making it more h resistant to drought, and much more - suitable for the development of soil bacteria. perience. Fall Wheat Acreage. ate According to official'fi'gures frog d Ottawa,. the area sown to fall whoa Iin 1923 for 1924 is considerably les. than in 1922. Up to the end of Oc tober, the acreage for all Canada wa 767,200 acres in 1923 compared wit', s 877,500 acres in 1922, a decrease o t1110,3.00 acres. In Ontario, the are el sown is 702,100 acres compared wit 763,100 acres in 1922, a decrease 61,000 acres. In Alberta, it is esti mated that the acreage sown is 49,500 i compared with 99,000 acres in 1922, a decrease of fifty per cent. In Brit• ' ish Colombia, 15,600 acres were sown lin 1923, being 200 acres more than in 1922. 1 The man who cultivates a taste for reading will undoubtedly use better ! taste in cultivating his fields. rj Totals of Livestock Move- ments. - . Sales of cattle for the eleven months s a* the year ending November, accord - mg to Dominion Live Stock Branch rettuns, were 748,242 compared with a 774,300 in the same period last year, h and the cattle billed through number- - 1922. Sales of calves totalled 285,340 compared with 247,554 last year. Sales of hogs totalled 879,460 compared with 718,845 and billed through were 95,- 845 eompared with 54,542. Sales of e sheep and lambs numbered 428,593 a compared with 506,420 and billed b through 22,769 compared with 38,657. It will be noticed that there has been n a decrease in every case last year, ex,. t cepting in hogs. rest squarely under each corner to If every woodlot would be kept in prevent a jar every time the care- the condition I have just stated there taker walks around the mach' would be plenty of timber for the! touches it. I think unnecessary shale- coming generation. But as they are lag of the machine may be .ca -use of being kept now, in another century' SonlO of the chicks failing to develop there will be no forcsta to speak of.1 properly, or dying in the shell -le Meeting tax obligations taxes the ingenuity of most of us. we pay weekly and offer steady eta - To Protect Trees from To prevent tabbits from chewing trees, i•ule the bodies of the trees, as high as necessary, with smoked pork rind. This is an old German remedy '11' is much more valuable at pres- to-oeder trees aud plants. nest stook exit than the German math. and service. We teach and equip you free. A money -making opportunity. The farmer is going forward, even Luke Brothers Nurseries Montreal. rshort time when he can probably "hit es , advertise meals, although at noon- m- time, now and then, some one sits . d down with us. I am going to add Its coffee to my list during severe wea- ther -and I make sandwiches and toast." Little Molly Woodchuck carried toy sheep, and was Little Bo Pee Benny Fox carried a little pie and wa Little Jack Horner. But his pie was s tempting that before the game wa finished the pie was finished too. Mrs Jackie Rabbit wore a long string o: red hearts and was Queen of .Hearts There isn't room to tell you: about th rest. But Little Mary Mink won th prize, which was a nice book of Mot er Goose stories. "If you went' into a restaurant, " asked Roily, would you and for supper?" And he read these su gestions to help them: 1. What Tommy Tucker had for his supper. 2. What Queen of hearts called for. 3. What the little pig'had. 4. What Curly Locks fed on. 5. What the Man in the Moon burn- ed his mouth with. 6. A dainty dish for a king. Granny Fieldmouse guessed the answers all right like this, and won a pretty picture of Old Mother Hubbard, 1. Bread and butter. 2. Tarts, 3. Roast beef. 4. Strawberries and cream". 5. Cold peas porridge. 6. Bird pie. Tacking about good things to eat made them all so hungry that they sat down to a bountiful feast of all she Woodland goodies you could think �f. After the acorn pie and cream heese, Bruin told them all about his dventure with the roan and the little oy. "But 1 believe if we are kind to len and boys and don't try to harm hem, they will not try to harm, us," e said. Aad all the Woodland folks danced round him singing: Old King Bruin is a merry old soul And a merry old' sou is he, tong may he live.in our happy land; Just, as happy as he can he," And each one went home saying e had had a fie time, a p. I was warm and comfortable when s I left the house. "You are a public o benefactor," I said as I drove away. s "I wish others would think of this." • "If they did, they would make a fair income, and enjoy it, too. Good- • bye, drop in again." -E. P. L. e 4 e Moth It is getting to be seed catalogue time. Has the mail man delivered. your supply of picturesque pamphlets et. If er y not, it may be your fault for g_ not having sent requests for them. BY L. STEVENSON, B.S.A,, SUPERVISING DIRECTOR. The three-month schools in elemen- tary agriculture arid domestic science for the rural young people of Ontario have this winter been increaeed to twelve. In 1921-22, when they were just organized, four such courses were I held, and in the whiter of 1922-23, ' • ter (Wentworth); Fergus (Welling. ; Instruction is given for boys in ani- mal, field and poultry husbandry, farm dairying, veterinary science account of popular dematid, the atm-) ber was increased to eight. The courses are conducted by the Agi•icul.' tural Representative, assisted by resi-' eac ers an visiting specialists., They are being held this year at the' folloveing places r, Lindsay (Victoria) ; Xeene (Peter., 'Sten (Amides); Renfrew (RerifteW); th tu horticulture and vegetable growing, eoile, fertilizers, farna mechanics, In drainage, beekeeping, botany, eco- ar nomics, and public speaking, and in re household science, nureing, taming and Millinery for girls. The schools are w held deiring Decernbeit, January and la When the winds are blowing, and e storm raging, then is the man for - nate who has a work shop with an nbitious stove in it, for he can spend any a pleasent hour tinkering mid and incidentally getting things ady for another season. Yon.,3vill enjoy the first fine open eather more if you clean and over. nil that sprayer now, have been unable' teeetake up this work lessen the 'knowledge we leave, of our ; regular institutions. Own powers Any of the following bulle- tins, giving timely information of value to farmers, will be gladly sent anywhere free on request. No postage required. Simply tear out this advertise- ment, check bulletins you de- sire, and slip it in an envelope addressed to - Publications Branch, 'Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. nest Varieties a Chain. Feeding Beef Cattle in Ontario. Co-operation in Marketing Poultri Grading and Marking Eggs. Feeding' Nfluence on TYPO Of item Swine Xfuebandry Canada. noirYing in New sealand and Australia. no Corn Borer. Mardy /loses. Storage of Ice, Modern Orchard Praetices. Tho Maple Sugar Industry, Pox ritnnehins• lo Canada. Dees and Row to Keep Them. The Strewberry in Canada. Poultry Keeping itt Town and counter. )3110)1 rkuits. Weeds and Weed Seat!. List of SOO Publications, Name Post Office Province