HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1924-02-07, Page 6r;J
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Address communications to Aprono
BRANDING DAIRY PRODUCTS.
"Merchant," Huron Co., Ont,
Ques.--What aro the regulations re-
garding the branding of pacl;.ag
containing dairy products?
Ans.—Every package contain
whey butter, .or a mixture of wh
and creamery or dairy butter, or b
ter from a mixture of ordinary cre
as separated from milk, and crea
which has been separated from whe
must be branded at the time of pac
ing with the words "whey Butter
Every package containing a mixtui
of dairy with creamery butter,
boxes similar to those used for creain
ery butter that are packed with dair
butter, must be branded "dairy bu
ter." Parchment. paper used fo
wrapping blocks, squares, or prints
dairy butter must be branded "Dais
butter." Skim -milk cheese must b
so branded within twenty-four hour
of leaving the press. So must ever
box or package contaii
nng skim -mi
cheese. All packages containing but-
ter or cheese must. be branded ac -
:TIM, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto
manent sod, added nitrogen is likely
to be a necessity from the start, and
in relatively large quantities: If one
will cut and remove the hay from the
sod orchard it will be found necessary
to replenish the nitrogen supply with
generous applications. And let us
say right . here that such a practice
will be disastrous to the fruit crops
unless the orchard soil is retentive
of moisture.
es
ng
ey
ut-
am
n1
Y If one has a convenient and cheap
n source of mulching material, such as
.e straw or swamp hay, which can be
or applied around the trees so as to form
a thick layer of decaying organic mat-
ter, very good results can be obtained
t with only moderate quantities of nit-
s rogen or possibly none at all.
of The best measure of the quantit
y of nitrogen needed by the trees is th
e growth they make. Young apple tree
ought to make eighteen .to twenty
s four inches annual growth on many
y of the leading shoots. When the tree
come into bearing, twelve to fifteen
inches may be enough, and with of
trees that are beginning to crowd
each other a less growth may answer
But it is probable that rarely does
mature tree growing less. than four
to six inches at the ends of man
branches produce satisfactory crops.
It follows that if trees are growing
less than the amounts indicated there
should be applied enough nitrogen to
get the desired growth. This may be
anywhere from 100 to 300 pounds to
the acre of nitrate of soda or equiva-
lent quantities of other nitrogen -
carrying fertilizers.
Even larger quantities may be.pro-
fitable on light poor .soils, especially
if the orchard is producing heavily.
In most cases the limit is imposed not
by stimulation of excessive growth
and decrease of fruitfulness, as was
formerly thought, but by a failure to
secure high color of fruit. This comes
about through excessive growth of
leafy shoots that shade the fruit and
a prolongation of the growth period
of the fruit and consequent de-
layed ripening. In `most cases the
grower wants to get his early fruit
on the market as quickly as possible,
and with late -maturing` sorts the on-
coming fall season may prevent the
perfect' maturity of the fruit.
When there is a reasonably heavy
growth ..of a cover crop the trees will
rarely, if ever, be suffering from
starvation. The'. production of a good.
cover crop in a cultivated orchard is
of extreme importance for" many rea-
sons. It prevents soil washing and
holds the surplus nitrates over win-
ter and, decaying, releases them again
for the use of the trees.
The older the trees and the heavier
the crop borne, the more nitrogen is
needed. It is rare indeed for an or-
chard of aged trees to bear well with-
,
ith
, out some help from added nitrogen.
Yet it does occur in some cases when
the orchard is located'on a soil of
high; natural fertility.
As to the best time to apply nitro-
gen, the usual recommendation is to
put it on a short time before the
leaves start in the ,spring, . As good
results follow this practice it is the
best course to follow until it is shown
that some other time is better. An
abundance of available nitrogen at
this time favors the quick production
of a large leaf area. With lots of
leaves the tree is in a position to
manufacture large quantities of
starch, and it is very generally
:agreed that a large starch reserve in
the tree always accompanies fruit -
bud differentiation. Here lies the ar-
gument for early applications of
quickly available nitrogen. If plenty
of nitrogen is available all through
the summer the tree is likely to use
it to make new growth all summer
long, and in so doing use up' the
newly made starch, so that there is
too little on hand the next spring to
help along the formation of fruit
buds. Old bearing trees stop grow-
ing and form their terminal buds
much earlier than do young non-bear-
ing trees.
The limit in the nae of nitrogen is
that quantity that is most profitable.
Going beyond this may be merely a
waste of so much money or it' may
extend to a positive harm to the fruit.
Most likely this will be in poor color
of the fruit or in late maturity.
Another possible harm in overdoing
the nitrogen game is poorer shipping
quality. A liberal nitrogen supply
may mean a softer -fleshed apple, more
easily bruised in handling. These
possible bad results are• most likely
to be encountered in cultivated or-
chards than in those in sod.
HANDSOME HUSKIES FOR QUEBEC DOG DERBY
Some of the dogs which participated in the International Dog -Sled 1� rby
at Quebec last year. These beautiful animals were close runners up an are
competing again this year.
Y
8 POULTRY ' viduals in the flock. The large num-
s I ber of cockerels which can be raised will take on a festive air if it pro -
When saving winter eggs foil from the special mating can be care- tudes through a heart, Just inside' small hearts. The girl goes on to the
hatching, try and keep them in a fully culled and used as breeders for you might have a gayly decorated next nook and proposes again, . When
s temperature between forty and: fifty the free range flock the next year. booth presided over by Cupid, where the game is over, the girl who col
A Valentine Fath
By Margaret M. Scott
Have you ever wanted to give a
valentine party yet hesitated because
you could not think up anything new
to do? If so, take heart, for here are
some suggestions that may cause you
to scout the old saying, "There's noth-
ing new under the sun."
This invitation, written on a red
heart, sent out in a white envelope
with tiny red heart stickers might be
used:
Hear ye, hear ye! List what fun
Is in store for everyone!.
Come check your heart
At my front door—
February 14th, '24.
needles, tie .a knot in the middle and,
working together, each pair tries to
collect and string on the thread more
hearts than any other oouple before
the music begins again.
After this pass out pencils and slips
of paper en which one or two lines
of an old love song are written. Ask
the guests to finish the verse. For
instance:
"Her face is like the snowdrift,
Her neck is' like the.swan!"
I tried to tell her all these things,
But she said, "Aw, g'wan!"
You might award a 'prize of a heart
shaped box of candy to the one who
gives the most unexpected twist to
You might suggest that colonial his verse.
costumes be worn, if you want a Next you might play Cupid's Game.
dressed -up party, for colorful clothes Give the boys a small heart for every
add so much to the decorations. Or: girl that is present. Then seat them
you could arrange to have each girl ; around indifferently numbered nooks.
wear a different -colored dress, and) Direct each girl to go'to a different
nook, where she proceeds to propose
to the young man she finds there. If
he accepts, he gives -her one of the
then give fancy caps to the guests as
soon as they arrive. The door knob
cording to their contents in letters
not less than half an inch long and
three-eighths of an inch wide except
in the case of parchment wrappers,
when the letters must be not less than
a quarter of an inch wide.
GOING THE NITROGEN LIMIT
Time was when the introduction of
any considerable quantity of nitrogen
into -an orchard fertilizer was sup-
posed to be about as disastrous to the
trees as putting a liberal quantity of
arsenic into the baked beans for the
church supper would be to the hun-
gry eaters. Now we apply nitrogen-
ous fertilizers with a prodigality that
-would have dismayed the fruit grow-
lers of ten years ago.
One of the biggest things the ex-
periment stations have ever done for
fruit growing has been to dissolve
this old fear of nitrogen and show
that it is really the most valuable of
All fertilizer elements in the orchard
and the most likely of any to bring
profitable returns.
Ten years ago the usual fertilizer
recommendation for orchards called
for a relatively high proportion of
potash, a moderate` proportion of
phosphoric acid and little or no nitro-
gen. The fear of nitrogen arose from
the belief that
it , promoted vigorous
g
growth of the"trees. This was thought
to be mischievous in two ways. One
was that the trees would go into the
'winter with soft immature wood, and
most likely suffer killing from low
temperatures. The other arose from
the belief that vigorous growth was
opposed to fruitfulness. One could
have either, but not both, in a given
tree. This belief has'been completely
overturned, and now we know that,
within lipits, growth and fruitfulness
go together. The more growth the
more fruit
If then, nitrogen is a most helpful
element In the orchard fertilizer, cer-
tain further questions arise: What
form is to be preferred? How much
is called for? What time of year is
it best applied? The final answers to
all these questions have not been given
yet, but it is possible to give some
helpful suggestion. Taking up the
first question, it is probable that any
of the usual notrogen-carrying mater-
ials will ,be beneficial. Nitrate of
soda, sulphate of ammonia, barnyard
manure or any of the so-called or-
ganic forme, as dried blood, fish or
tankage, are all good. For quick
results one ' of the readily available
forms, such as nitrate of soda or sul-
phate of ammonia, will be' found sat-
isfactory. Probably nitrate of soda
has been used by fruit growers more
than any other forth, but sulphate of
ammonia may be just as good. It may
be necessary, however, to apply in
such cases a dressing of lime in occa-
sional years,- especially where it is
desired to grow leguminous cover
crops or a clover sod in the orchard.
Sulphate of ammonia will, if used "re-
peatedly, bring about' an acid condi-
tion of the soil which is fatal to
.clover.
Hope much to apply is a question
that cannot be answered definitely. A
'young orchard planted on a fairly
fertile soil and kept in cultivation
with a cover crop plowed under every
spring may grow and just • as
well bear far several years without'
added nitrogen as' with it. This has
been proved - by Many experiments.
On very poor soile' nitrogen 'may be
beneficial very early in ` the history
of the orchard. For orchards in per
.....DAIRY
The "best 'Milking cows in my herd
are the'kbest eaters. A good appe-
tite seeitis; to be a prerequisite to
Meavy performance at the pail, Since
certain foods stimulate the appetite,
I find that ' the good dairyman can
have much influence over the milk
output through the right sort of feed-
ing.
When I -fed the cows large amounts
of over -ripe .ay, frozen corn fodder
with much of the leaves shaken off,
or other foods of low digestible value,
their the appetites of the animals
seem to becotne more or less'slu -
gisla. But when 1 place before the
degrees. Eggs that go below thirty -
d five degrees may be -chilled. If" they
go about sixty degrees a rapid ee= S%IEEP
Iterioration results. It pays to ggather In my experience in keeping sheep
!the hatching eggs often in. winter, so I find that fresh air is an inexpen-
' that most of the eggs are taken from sivet but important So item as the heap
under hens. Visitings the laying pens fort of the :flock. long as the sheep
many are dry they will scarcely ever of
same cows some succulent food like
,intr
in a very short time. They not only P
eat the succulent food more ravenous-
ly, but their appetite for the dry
feeds is stimulated. •
the' guests must check their hearts lected the most hearts has to tell her
(the invations). method.
A musical hunt begins the program. After this St. Valentine himself de,.
Small paper hearts ,are placed, but cides who shall be supper partners.
not hidden, all around the roam. Part- His costume is made of two large'
ners for the occasion are chosen by hearts after the fashion of a sandwich
giving a heart to each girl. She tears man. The girls' names are put in one
every hour from nine until early of their own will and accord seek pro= it in two uneven pieces—one. she keeps basket, and the boys' in another. St.
' ternoon, will usually save most of the - f "i 'l1' d d 1d the other is put in a' basket which is Valentine draws a name 'frons each
ec ion from chilling
eggs produced from b
mg vein s an co
Bing chilleweather.
I passed to the boys. Each boy finds basket and "cries" them aloud as val-
Eggs that weigh c:ose to two ounces the possessor of the other half of the entities. Those whose names are
' each are the best for hatching pur-1 Housing breeding ewes too closely heart he drew. Then each couple re-' coupled are partners.
?poses. There is a tendency for hens is poor practice. Like many a flock _ two __-_a- _a heavy thread
and For the - supper you might
owner, I have closed the doors of the two big needles.
eggs that produced them. ,We do not When the music sounds, - partners to cheese or ham filling, cherry ice
to open a few windows The follow-
ing morning the air in the shed would
I much to reduce them. Small eggs music stops p , g
to lay eggs close to the size of the shed on stormy nights and forgottenheart-shaped sandwiches with phnen-
wish to oversize eggs as it costs too • march in a double row around the cream, small heart cakes, and coffee
be stifling with the sheep logy from room continuin until theLittle baskets of old-fashioned motto"'
are not desired by the best markets. when they break ranks, thread the candies would make amusing favors.'
A standard two -ounce egg is just rebreathing the foul atmosphere.
In arranging for an ample supply
.about right for both market' and of fresh air, I planned to prevent
!hatching purposes. 1 draughts from hitting the animals.
Dampness in the poultry house i.s This is easily done by opening win -
reduced by frequent cleaning of the dows on the side of the shed opposite
dropping boards. The droppings con- the direction from which - the wind
tain a large amount of moisture. blows.—L. C. R.
Overcrowding of the poultry house
soon contaminates the litter and
makes the house damp.
Keep up the supply of green food
for the hens that are laying eggs for `
hatching. The vitamines in both green
feed and milk seem to enable heirs to
lay eggs with stronger germs. Many
failures with early incubation are due. -
to the quality of the eggs and not to
the incubator. Breeding stock that
lack green feed and exercisekitrib
eggsher.
ute many that are cit inTh
tile or develop chicks that die in the
shell.
Nearly every farm fiock,ano natter
how carefully culled, contains a few
birds of much better quality than the
general run of the, flock. If these hens
can be, isolated during the breeding
season and mated with the belt cock-
erel obtainable, it is a great help in
increasing the per cent of fine indi-
�' 11/ill.
Yes, Indeed!
"Well, well, think of meeting you
here!"
"Yes, the world is a small place
after all!'
The Royal Winter Fair
Prospects for Market Cattle.
Referring to the outlook for .mar-
ket -cattle the Markets Intelligence
Service of the Live Stock Branch at
Ottawa, states that the prospects and
present conditions in the live stock in-
dustry are on the whole far more fav-
ourable than they were a year ago, as
feed is plentiful and store cattle are
cheap. The producer and feeder who
is taking advantage of this is in a
fairly secure position, especially
where intelligent methods of winter
feeding are practiced.
In emphasizing the influence com-
mon stock has upon market prices,
the same authority says "Insofar as
theest is concerned,
W' theg eneral
quality of the run (November) was
so mediocre that the so-called high
grades decreased in price along with
the poorer grades."
With the top price of steers, for the.
week ending December' 20, 70 cents
per hundred above what they were in
the sane week last year and calves
50 cents, and with prices in excess
of what -they were the previous week,
for all live stock except lambs, it must
be admitted that the prospects are at
least promising. Again, with all the
slaughtering that is going on in 'Prot-
ein on *count of the foot and mouth.:
The second holding of the Royal.'leeted on the continent There were disease, there is likely to be an in -
Winer Fair at Toronto saw,this ha -interesting exhibits of water fowl, creased demand in the future for eat-
tional exhibition of Canadian soil African, Chinese, and Embden geese, tie; as usual, the' man having the
Canada wild geese, Snow geese, East night sort will reap the most profit.
cultural endeavor firmly founded and Indian and wild Mallard ducks. Rab- A
definitely established in the life of the bits, guinea pigs, pigeons, canaries
Dominion. At a single bound the and other song birds, all further` in -
Winter Fair has become - Canada's dicated the latitude of Canadian pro -
greatest fanning exhibiion, Dominion
wide in representation and as com-
prehensive in the scope of its variety
and standard of farm products:"t°'In
duction, whilst the exhibit of prize
foxes has probably' never been sur-
passed anywhere.
The horse show continued its re
fact, the Winter Fair, in its brief markable success of the previous year
development has gone beyond purely
national limitsandhas taken on an
international hue, as is but natural
cnsidering the eminent position Can-
ada occupies among the agricultural•
and constituted what was probably
the best horse show on the continent
in the season. , The , jumping' class
made a particularly noteworthy fea-
ture of the entire exhibition, and Mr.
countries of the globe. Cox and his associates are to be don -
Whilst visitors were.present from gratulated 'for their perseverance in
many countries and all sections of the adding this . unusually interesting
American continent many states of phase to the exhibition. An addi-
the Union were actually represented tional novel feature of 1922, consider -
in exhibits, notably Michigan, Penn ably expanded in 1923, was the ex-
sylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio and ceptionally fine showing of live de -
Oregon. corative fish which was probably as work necessary around the farm, such
Whilst fairs and exhibitions held in fine an one as has ever been drawn as drawing manure, etc., it costs from
every locality in Canada indicate' the together. 31}beto 36,6' cents per horse per day
excellence of the farm 'production of GRAINS, VEGETABLES AND FRUIT, for feed, stabling and care. The cost
of feed was 54 per cent. of the total
cost of maintenance and the cost of
labor was 22 per cent. of the total
study of the weekly market reports
sent out by the Dominion Live Stock
Branch, will show how true this al-
ways is. At Toronto, for instance,
in the week ending December 20, good
steers averaged $6.36 per hundred
and common $4.64; good veal calves
averaged $10.51 and grassers $3.83;
select bacon hogs averaged $9.05 and
extra heavies $6.05; good lambs 10.28
and common $9,15, and light sheep,
$6.09 and common $2.02. Surely
there's a lesson in these figures.
Cost of Maintenance.
Considerable work was done during
the winter of 1923 by the Department
of Animal Husbandry, Ontario Agri-
cultural College, to ascertain the cost
of maintenance of the farm work hor-
ses. , For heavy horses at teaming
those areas the Royal Winter Fair
has, in a graphic manner summed up-
the Dominion's agricultural effort.,
All,, grains in such an excellent crop
year were naturally of high standard,
and of particular interest at the pre -
The imposing aggregate of great di-; cost. Horse labor during the winter
sent time were excellent corn exhibits.
versify illustrates in a clear manner: The collection fruit and vegetables cost 21.6 cents per hour,
not only the high standard of 'Cana-' gave fair indication of the manner in
an farm produce, but the addition which these crops are expanding in nAIRY' HEIFERS..
P $'
di
experimentation is makuig each yeas, both volume and variety. The variety Records kept by the Department of
through the discovery of othei . crops of blooms in the flower exhibits proved oved Animal Husbandry, 0, A, C. on the
possible of excellent; production on that. the northern latitude is no hare. cost of winter maintenance of dairy
Y
Canadian soil and under Canadian Bicap to floriculture. Fine honey came heifers, showed that the average cost
conditions.
from every province, showing how of feed per heifer was 16.8 cents; and
Wintering Bees.
A very comprehensive bulletin on;
"Bees and How to Keep Them," by
the Dominion Apiarist, has -recently
been issued by the Department of Ag-
riculture
griculture at Ottawa. In the chapter
dealing with wintering, the author'
calls attention to a number of points
of importance. The bee cellar should
be well ventilated but not draughty,' and the best temperature, in the early. .
part of the winter, is usually around
48 degrees F., but towards spring it
should be lowered from three to six .
degrees, care being taken to keep the
bees as much as possible from rest-
lessness.' : The air in the cellar should.
nottoo a r
b „•.�1 y, nor damp enough to ,
allow moisture to condense on the
floor of the hives. Good drainage is
a necessitn.,and the bees , should be,
kept in darkness and left undisturbed.
The date that the bees should be taken
out of the cellar depends upon their
condition and the state of the wea-
ther.
eather.
Keepers -of bees will do well to re-
member that nice and rats are ene-
mies of bees and will sometimes de-
stroy colonies in the winter if care
is not taken to exclude them from the.
bee cellar or wintering case. Colonies
wintered outside may be protected by
reducing the width of the . hive en-
trance to three-eighths of an inch so
that mice will be unable to get in; in
the cellar they may be poisoned.
Salt and Water he Sheep.
During .the winter when the snow
is available and especially where a
liberal supply of roots is being fed,'
the flock will not suffer a - great deal
if water is not given, so says the De-
partment of Animal Husbandry, On-
tario Agricultural College. At the
same -timesheep will drink more or -
less water if it is to be had, and if
at all convenient it will pay to pro-
vide it even in the winter.. After the
ewes have lambed in the spring and
during the summer while on grass, an
abundant supply of clean, fresh water
should be at hand. Especially during
the long, hot days of summer; 'the"
sheep will drink quantities and the
health andcomfort of the flock de=
mends that it be available.
Salt should be before the flock al
alltimes during the year. A box or
trough set up in the pen during the
winter or in the field while on leas,
ture, in which there is always a sup-
ply, will assure the owner that his
flock is always well provided - with
salt.
Prolificness by Months.
Investigational work carried on by •
the Department of Animal Husb"
aalu-
ry, 0. A. C, during 1923, to gain
,some light on the question of sheep
increase, gave the .following results:
ALL BREEDS OF CATTLE ExRInfl' D. apiculture is • developing . in the Dv.: that the total daily cost of: maintai"n- .Mardi .. , .. , , . , .. , , , , 100,8%
ing - an average heifer weighing 830 Ancil 146.6%a
Beef cattle exhibits at thesecond minion.
annual fair covered all breeds, ' and An exhibit of printoi nterest was a pounds was 27 cents. The total cost January . , : , , . , , , 140.9%d
were the strongest exhibits of tho. collection of nuts`. from an Ontario of winter maintenance per 1000 lbs.
eorroots
silag p ovement started sh
ow. Dairy cattle came frons five orchard of about one hundred bearing of live weight was 32,5 cents,
Holsteins, A ' -' and , . ..
erseys, yrshires, Guern Canadian black' walnuts, Persil Mangels Versus Beet Pru!
p.
segs, and French-Canadians. I filberts, almonds and .English walnuts A
' �. equal - During the winter of 192$ the Ani -
The exhibition of draught horses, i to anything grown in Califoi•- Teal Husbandry
as probably the'best `seen in Canada nia. Department of the
r a number of years: The ex-! ' The :[loyal Winter Fair has •„ Ontario Agricultural College, con -
p , b.conte ducted -an experiment'to determine
rovinces and two states and included trees. These included the Japanese
Plenty of good ,water, fresh air and to
a feed combination with a reasonable h
amount pf succuleney, have gone a f
long way in bringing up my milk p
yields. These provisions will do much ha
for others, and since they aro well `du
within the means of nearly every et
man who keeps dairy -cows, there is d
not much excuse for so many low- in
producing Bows with the cost of milk
Sbove the income: la
1 al coming mainly Canada s annual agricultural expt•er- .
shits were exec :tion
ions .Ontario,'where the raising of, sioii, a yearly summary of what the comparative valises ofh man ass and
are -bred shoal)for breeding • e farms of the Domin" doing; sager beet pulp, the There was very
e g purpos ,s • : •, lost ale dei.,#.; for little difference in actual ro .
s been lone; one of the foremost in-;' others to See. It is ;of particular in- p due -
i l y tion of the cows.wXten on each,of the
stries, The swine exhibit was out- teres: to Canadianfs, and by reason of two feeds but the than els
ending, a feature being the marked Canada's gradual ricent among Other ' i 6 were a
evelopment towards the establish nations whose agricultural indust. much cheaper ration.
enc of a national t y ., industry
1 ype nu Canada. of great importaitee, must, in the fu-'' right cleanly, each for your ideas.
The poultry exhibit comnrised the tare, attract: greater attention from Hit hard, but never below the belt,
rgest aggregation of fowl eves col- other parts of the world. 1.. -.general Sir Ian Ilaiiiiltoi
February ..... 137,8%
.. . , . .
I May 134.7 a
/o
01 the eleven breeds studied only
y
three showed a higher' percentage of
twins and triplets than singles, the
' Dorset Horn, Oxford Down. an'd - Lei -
'ester.
Percentage yearlings, singles, 56.60
g,
Percentage yearlings, twins .: 42:0%
Pereentage yearlings, triplets. 1,4%d
Do not a. 1 i'u.rniture
iP� y palish to
soiled furniture, or it will never look
bright. Wring a cloth out of warm
soapy water,and wipe the furniture
earefully. - When quite dry, polls' as
l