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Zurich Herald, 1931-08-06, Page 6We are pleased, that as a result of the publicity given to Lone Scouting through these columns many new members have joined the movement during the past Yew. weeks, This week applications for membership have been received from Cobden, HY- dro, Barites Falls and Harriston, and at Durham there is every prospect of a full Patrol being formed. A recent cheek up of the records of the Ontario Lone Scout Department showed that since its iuception two years ago about 460 boys have beeu admitted to membership in the move- ment. Of course quite a few of these have been since transferred to (re. gular troops which have been formed as a result of Lone Scout activity. The Lonies at Fenelon Falls under Senior Patrol Leader Doug. Warren have had a very busy time just recent- ly. On July 4th they had the pleasure of again meeting their friends of the 51st Toronto Troop, who camped near the town, The Lonies helped the Toronto Scouts to make camp, and en- tered ntered ito their activities with zest. Later the Lone Scouts were invited to visit the camp of the 90th Toronto Troop at Sandy Point, on Sturgeon Lake. They hiked over to the camp on July Sth, and to their surprise met an old friend who turned out to be none other than "Cookie" ("Colonel" Walton), who was so popular at the Lone Scout Camp at Ebor Park lust summer. The Lonies stayed over night with the 90th, and entered into their programme enthusiastically, hav- ing a great time at the evening coun- cil oupcil fire. We like to see this fraternization be- tween the Lonies and their city broth- ers, and we are pleased to state that quite a few members of the Lone Scouts have gone to camp this year with regular troops, at the latter's in- vitation. The Fenelon Falls Lone Scouts also report a rather unique "Good Turn" which might be copied by other Lonies who live along the lake shore. They recently assisted the local town auth- orities to clean up the beach, which. we think was exceedingly good work, as we have seen quite a few beaches recently that could' very ivell benefit by a similar "Good Turn," Lone Scout visitors to Provincial 1=leadquarters in Toronto recently have included Bill Gilbert, of ' Essex, ani Jack Bassett, of Listowel, and Harold Nickle of Harriston was in Toronto a short time ago, but he did not pay us a visit. Lonies who come to Toronto for any reason are always• welcome visitors to Scout Headquarters, so we hope you won't forget to pay us a call. - This week's Summer Time Profici- ency Badge is the Angler's Badge, The requirements are as follows: 1. By the usual angling methods catch and name seven different spe- cies of fish. At least one specimen must be taken by fly -casting or troll- ing and one by bait -casting: In single handed fly -casting the rod must not; exceed seven ounces in weight; in' double handed fly -casting the rod may be one ounce weight for each foot in length; in bait fishing the rod must not exceed ten feet in length nor twelve ounces in weight. 2. Show proficiency in accurate sin- gle-handed casting with the fly for dis- tances of 20, 40 and 50 feet, or in bait casting for distance of 40, 60 and 70 feet. 3. Make three artificial flies (either after three standard patterns or in imitation of different natural flies). Make a neat single gut leader at least four feet long, or a twisted or braided leader at least three feet long. Splice the broken joint of a rod neatly. 4. Give th`"e open season for thel game fishes in his vicinity, and explain how and why they are protected by the law. Applications for membership in the 1 Lone Scouts will be received from boys between the ages of 12 and 18 inclu- sive, who cannot become members of a regular Troop, for reason of locality or other handicap. Applications should bo sent to the Lone Scout De- partment, The Boys Scouts Associa- tion, 330 Bay Street, Toronto, 2.— "Lone —"Lone E." Birds Necessary To Human Welfare it brings the further disadvantage in its train that it prevents an animal from having a constant temperature higher than its surroundings, for its bulk is so small in proportion to its JULIAN S. IHUXLEY ( surface that the heat generated by the Emineint English biologist and writer. chemical combustion in its muscles To. watch birds is delightful enough' all leaks away in no time.' in itself ; butmost people like a backe; So inseets are not only small, but ground against which they can set the whole tempo of their lives goes their observations. up and down with the temperature of These feathered creatures, what the outer world. They cannot achieve are they in the economy of Nature?s the constancy o' living possible to a What is their history? How do they bird or mammal, and are at a great compare with other kinds of living disadvantage in winter, being put out things? There are no other animals built in at all the sante way as birds. How did they come to evolve into their present condition? The first thing that evolutionary study teaches es is that birds were not always so different from other creatures as they are today. The few fossil birds known from the upper Cretaceous age, 70 or 80 million years back, all had teeth, Iike any lizard. When we reach the Jurassic period, near twice as long ago, the only two. specie ens of birds so far found were so unlike any ordinary bird in their construction that, if it were not for the lucky accident of their having been embedded in such fine mud that the imprint of their feathers is still preserved to us, we should have been in doubt as to whether they were birds at all. They night have been agile reptiles, for they were toothed, had long jointed tail bones, and big claws on their fore limbs. Birds, in fact, are an offshoot from one kind of very active reptile, prob. ably related to some of the smaller dinosaurs. They became birds through the evolution of feathers out of scales,. which first, by acting as a heat -re- taining blanket, allowed their temper- ature to be kept at a high level, and, secondly, made flight possible. There have been. three other groups of animals to achieve true flight: one, the flying insects, arose from a wholly different stock; two, from the same back -boned stock to which the birds belong—the flying mammals or bats, and the flying reptiles or pterodactyls, the latter all long extinct. The great advantage which the birds had over their ,vertebrate com- petitors in the art of flying was that they, possessing feathers, could make a wing of these; while the skinny flight -membranes of bats and ptero- dactyls had to be stretehed taut and so demanded attachment to- hind as well as fore limbs. Bats cannot run or hop, nor could pterodactyls; their logs are subordinated to their wings. But birds kept their legs clear of this entanglement, as the ancestors of man kept their fore limbs clear by run - Latest bi Cas Masks Pk reNe-ee:,eereeeeseeeeeeeeiR.g.,q9 e' .. tii0\ A . Three charming young ladies am exhibiting the latest types of gas masks at the Society of Chemical Industries exhibition held in Westminster, England, The exhibition displayed many of the latest marvels of science, creatures up to the scale of £rcgs and rassh® ��.� Still mice, ,or are carrion feeders, or prey on slnaller birds or on fish. But if we ! Invade ebr spa could take statistics on the food IV all birds, we should find that ingests . -- — headed the list. tCountry Left Barren in Wake Now insects are in the great mae, of Hordes Despite Des- jority vegetable feeders. So that 1m regard to what we may call biologicala, perate Q#fens ve trade—the complicated circulation of �", .,Buffalo, Neb.--Wooden fence posts, matter through lifeless forms , rn wagon tonues, even clothing hung earth, water, and rir, through greenaut to dry, were quickly devoured by plants, animal bodies, and microscopic the gray -yellow horde. Anything scavengers like moulds and bacteria, - containing vegetable fibre attracts the and back into lifeless forms again--' hungry grasshoppers. the net effect of birds is to be a check i Although farmers said several mil - upon insects in their consumption of lions of the grasshoppers had been green plants and their products. In killed, additional swarms are expect - this way they are allies of mance i ed when eggs now infesting the So birds have a place in civilization..` ground have incubated. Fires in which While we are mechanizing life. we i bodies of the slain insects were being should see that a place is kept for, burned dotted the plains tonight. In - them, for our delectation and,. that of . troduction of poison as a weapon re - our posterity. i4 stilted in the death of thousands of the --- insects. New Letters Patent 1 At some points the bodies of the For Governor-General Ottawa.—New letters patent cOn- stituting the office of Governor-Gen- eral of Canada have been issued by King George V., together with new in- structions for the guidance of the conduct • of the Governor-General. The last time letters patent were issued was in 1905 by King Edward VII. In general the recent documents bring the office of the Governor-General into accord with the recommendatioiof Of the Imperial Conference of 1926,, were adopted by the Parliamei the Empire at various dates since` at year. Specifically, they remove from: 'the Government of the United Kingdom. the Last vestiges of control exercised by that Government over the appoint= litent of. a Governor-General to Can- ada, making it a direct and personal one.by His Majesty, acting on the ad- vice of H.M. Government in Canada. Formerly la defining the powers and authority of the Governor-General, the letters patent directed His Excellency to carry out such instructions "as may from time to time bo given him under our sign manual and signet, or by or- der -in -Privy Council, or by us -through one of our principal secretaries of state." In the new issue, the last :Belo references are eliminated. The same deletion occurs in. the document containing the King's in- structions. An archaism is removed from these instructions having reference to the grant of pardons, etc., by the Govern- or-General. Previously Itis Excellency had the authority to prescribe banish- ment for political offenders. That obsolete form of punishment is done away with by merely deleting the sen- tence which conveyed that power. of action more or less completely by the cold. However, though birds can grow big in comparison with insects, they are limited in size in comparison with other vertebrates. This comes from the fact of flight; the laws of aero- dynamics make it very inconvenient for a flying bird to weigh over 50 pounds, and quite impossible for it to weigh as much as a horse or even a leopard. It is only birds which have given up flying, like the ostrich or cassowary, which have even begun to grow big according to mammalian standards. The stock size for birds, in fact, is from something under an ounce to about 10 or 15 pounds. Birds and mammals developed, from two quite distinct reptilian stocks. Birds have kept reptilian -looking scales on their feet, and have stuck to the reptile s method of reproduction by large -yoked eggs. In some ways, however, the bird branch has evolved beyond their rivals, the mammals, and in these respects must be regarded as at the very tiptop of the tree of life. Birds have the highest temperature, and therefore the greatest speed of vital chemistry, of any creatures. The have the greatest activity, the greatest emotional variety; they show the highest extremes of beauty in color and pattern, they have the mist striking and highly developed court- ship of any group of animals, and their songs are by far the most beau- tiful and elaborate music that the world knew befcre the coming of anon. The are the most mobile of creatures, and so are at a great advantage over every other kind of anneal in high altitudes; for they can breed there and take advantage of the riches of thd' Arctic lands and still more of the .Arctic seas during; the summer, and. then migrate to temperate clim- ates` What part do birds play in the elaborate system of exchanges which constitutes the balance of Nature? The great majority of them are eaters of other animals. For this they have. stuck to the ancestral predilections of ning; and so birds were free both of vertebrates, which were all inorigin the air and of the earth, having one flesh eaters. pair of limbs for each element. The- birdsas a whole stuck to a Insects are the equals of birds in meat diet; but their average size de- -thisrespect; res ect; but they are inferior in another. They can never grow big. It would take too long to go into the reason why, but the ::act remains; an insect as big as a Swan or even as a grasshoppers were piled high on the el:ails, impeding trains. At others they made the ground slippery beneath the tires of automobiles. Some of the farmers, their crops destroyed, raised money by packing the dead grasshoppers in preserva- tives and selling them to fishermen for bait at 20 cents a pound. e' The insect invasion has devastated gardens, crops and fruit trees, and behind their advance stretches a sere swath. Damage already is in the millions of dollars. • Entymologists said the grasshop- pers soon would sprout wings and in- crease the' area of their damage. Un- less checked soon, they will be in con- trol of the entire tier of Northern Ne- braska counties. Fields, . green today, may be splotched tomorrow with barren .., stretches. Another day, and the fer- -'tile Platte Valley may be barren. ;ity and town dwellers also are witnessing the march of il grass- hoppers. Gardens and trees pre left leafless. Hungry grasshoppers swarm solidly on the houses, gather in.clus- ters and fall to the ground from trees and telephone soles. Burning of the insects was decided upon when farmers .feared their cattle would die after eating the bodies .of grasshoppers which had been killed • by poison, Prayer He who prays as he ought will en- deavor to live as he prays.—Owen. Harvesting In West Early This Year Seven Women Fliers to Compete In British ' Air Classic London, —, Forty-two competitors, including seven women, are roady to start in the 1,000 mile ;face •for the King's cup, British air race classic. The field includes the first Canadian' in the event, John C. Webster, of Mon- treal, . flying a Canadian machine. A daughter's challenge to her father is one of the features of the race. Capt. The klon, Frederick G. Guest and his daughter, Miss Diana Guest wilt fly moth planes, leaving together 28 minutes and nine seconds after the first starters, No one would be surprised if the trophy remained in feminine hands for another year. Miss Winnifred Brown, who last year was the first woman to capture the trophy, is heav- ily eaveily handicapped, however, leaving an Winnipeg. —Wheat cutting tom- mended in the St. Adolphe district of Manitoba on July 25th, the earl- iest, it is believed, such operations have occurred in Manitoba. One farmer, resident in Manitoba, for 36 years, declared it was "the earliest date for wheat eliding in tiny '..experience." - St. Adolphe is two miles south of Winnipeg. termined the average size of the r prey. The great majority of them are so moderate in bulk that they can only eat small creatures, though they will include worms ' and snaiis and thrush is, luckily for as, unthinkable. spiders,will for the most part be in- Snail size is in itself a disadvantage; sects: Some of the largerbirda eat British .Star "Bunny" Mime a fast one during a set New York. Austin, 1ingland's ranking Davis Cup tennis player, re - Which he won from Sydney Wood of hour, 17 urinates and five second after the first machines. Lady Bailey, famous for her long distance flights, is most heavily handi- capped of the women entrants, being scheduled to start an hour, 52 minutes and 27 seconds after ,the first mar chines which take off from Heston airdrome at 6 a.m. Miss F.,J, Cross- ley, daughter of a motor ear manu- facturer, in a plane piloted by flying officer H. S. Deach, a member of the Royal Air Force speed flight, takes off with the first group. The scratch competitor is Flight- Lieut, C. B. Winched, whose plane is capable of a speed of 150 miles an hour. He starts two hours, 83 min- utes and 13 . seconds behind the first planes, Water Replaces Steam in New British Engine Tradition of 300 Years Upset by Invention Using Liquid Working Substance London.—A new kind of engine that uses liquid water instead of steam, discards boilers and condensers, de- velops more power in less space than ordinary steam and gas engines, with freedom from explosion hazards and heat wastes, will shortly be offered for experimental commercial use here. It is the invention of J. F. J. Malone, en -,sneer, of Ncwcastle-on-Tyne, who has experimented with the novel water engine for several years. The details of its operas' •n have just been revealed. Since steam and other engines have been worked always by the expansion of gases of one kind or another for some 300 years, this new kind of prime mover that is operated by expansion of liquid instead of expansion of gases has created much interest in engineer- ing circles. Water, Stays Liquid Both the new water engine and con- ventional steam engines use water, but i nthe case of the steam engine the water must be changed to steam be- fore any work can be done. In the Malone engine the water stays liquid even under pressures of tons per square inch created within the engine. Scientist Explains New Discovery New Germ Isolation Process May Aid in Devising Cures Chicago.—A mild-mannered little man, described for fellow scientists here recently his disease germ discov- ery, expected to have as far-reaching effect on the treatment of human ills as the processes evolved by the fa- mous Louis Pasteur. The man. is Dr. Arnold I. Kendall, professor of bacteriology at the Northwestern University Medical School for the last 20 odd years. His discovery consists of a process of making visible under the microscope bacteria so tiny that research work- ers heretofore have been unable to identify it. "The discovery is as startling the the scientific world as the discoveries of Pasteur," said Dean Irving Cutter, of the Medical School. "Dr. Kendall's accomplishment means that we now stand on the threshold of a great discovery," added Dr. Edward C. Rosenow, eminent bac- teriologist. Dr. l:endall has developed what he calls the "K Medium," a soupy solu- tion in which the invisible bacteria • now may be isolated. His experiments are not over despite his years of re- search, he said, and practical use of his discovery is yet to come. He now is hard at work on a paper describ ing his "K Medium" in detail, so that Rapid heating a.:d cooling of the it may be manufactured in laborator- liquid water are necessary in order ies other than his own. that the water engine will operate. This was accomplished by Mr. Malone through the development of a novel form of heat transfer within one of the cylinders of the water engin,( Other .advantages claimed for the engine ares Only a small amount of water is needed and this reduces the size of the engine and allows it to be used where water is scarce. It runs and changes speed more noiselessly than conventional engines. It loses leas heat than other engines and its outside shell is cool to the touch. Its mechanism is simpler and the working parts need be opened for in- spection only once in four years. There is no incessant boiler clean- ing, no water gauges, no risk of short- ness or foulness of water. The control system is simpler than. in the steam engine. It has no exhaust, as the water is used over and over. All bearings within the engine are cold and lubricated by the water it- self. New Cards Invented To Aid Bridge PIayers Zurich,—A new kind of playing cards, according to The N.Y. Times, A small intestine )f a rabbit, dog, swine or man, chemically treated, is the essential ingredient of the solu- tion, he said. He asserted that his expe_iments in Chicago hospitals ver a period of years indicated that it could and would isolate the bacteria • of a majority of the maiigerant dis- eases. Isolation of the infinitesimal germs means that such diseases as sleeping sickness, paralysis, influenza, cancer and rheumatism _nay be traced t,, their primary causes and that physi- cians hereafter may be able to devise specific cures for teem. Saskatchewan -Britain Cattle Trade Growing Regia.a.—Saskatchewan is shipping 150 head of cattle per week to Great Britain as a result of contracts enter- ed into by the British Co -Operative Wholesale Society. During the visit of officials of this. society to Regina during the spring it was suggested approximately 100 head be shipped weekly. .Officials of the Government and the Saskatchew. an Live Stock Pool did not feel that the province was in a position tc handle this order, and suggested start- ing with a small shipment and in - will soon be adopted by bridge players creasing it as the pool became sup all over Europe and America, accord- plied, As a result it was learn from un-" official sources shipments had grown to 150 head per week. under the con- tract. ing to Dr. Paul Herrmann. of Zurich, au authority on the game, The cards, made in Austria, lessen the chances of a revoke at contract bridge, a game rapidly becoming more complicated. Hearts are red, , dia- monds pink, spades black and clubs dark green; the cards themselves are longer and narrower than those at\ London.—Civilization and education present used and are made to fit the' have wrought such a change n the Former Cannibals Demand Classic. present-day duplicate contract boards. Dr. Herrmann thinks that bidding by players themselves, in duplicate contract, will rapidly be superseded by the employment of an announcer, thus eliminating all likelihood of informa- tion being wrongly transmitted by in- flexion of the voice when calling. " Efforts are being made to adopt a .more uniform system, both in the forms in which contract bridge is now `played and itt the methods of scoring, in order that international competi- tions may be arranged between lead- ing bridge clubs. head-hunting and one-time cannibal tribes of New Guinea that an urgent request came from that country for Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" in the Tubetube language. This is one of the tongues of a Papuan tribe, and is the 123rd language into which the Religious Tract Society has translat- ed the famous classic. This edition has eight colored illus- trations, and some thousands of vol- umes have already been dispatched. On - arrival they are made up into Suitable -sized packages to go up coun- try on the heads of the native bearers. 70-Year'Old Man Edison Forced To• Enters Universit y Toronto.. A treshman has ,been ad- mitted to Queen's University, Kings- ton, for the summer classes, , who is 70 years old, is an ex -mayor and also an ex -member of the Canadian Parlia- ment: Mr. 1. E, Pediow of Renfrew, Oast., is Canada's oldest "freshman." Mr. Pedlow's college days will be followed with great interest, for he has carved out an honorable and Use- ful career for himself, and is now tak- ing :hitt 'studies, which usually Dome Drat, iaaf~ Cease Active Work West Orange, N,J,---Thomas A. Edison, inventor, has been force.' to (ease active work at the age of 84 Overwork during experiments its proeueing rubber from the roldeu 'rod plant, on which the aged inventor worked steadily all winter at Port Myers, Pia,, have made it necessary for Edison to: take a vacation fain the laboratory, according to his brother-in-law, « ohn V. 14li er—a va• etirement, cation that ,i.tay•presage r