HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1930-01-16, Page 7Death Penalty. Called Necessary
By Earl of Birkenhead in Reply
To Arguments for Its Abolition
Execufor
Crimes
lun ty
Deter ent; Experrimentts in Use
and asan Essential
of Life Imprisonment as Maximum Punish-
ment Termed Inconclusive
By the Earl of Birkenhead
There is an opinion, held by r
sponsible people, that it is no long
right to retain the death penaltyas
toren of criminal punishment. Pro
]lerialty bas operated to aid resist-
e- ance to. temptation.
Q1,. Believes Fear Lessees Crime
a I ant certain that in the case of dan-
gerous crimes, such as burglary and
ably it is impassible -to convince housebreaking, the fact that detec-
tion and capture will, at worst, lead
them that their opinion is erroneous, to -imprisonment, but that the avoid -
but there is a danger that they may ants of capture by murder will cause
by their insistence impose that his life to be forfeit, has operated,
opinion upon the community if noth- and does operate, upon the minds of
ing is said on the other side. the criminals 'who spend their lives
it is to those who have an open in such pursuits, and that thereby'
mind, and are therefore ready to con- householders have gained a security
skier carefully the arguments on both which would not otherwise be theirs.
sides, that these observations are ad- There are four crimes for which the
dressed. I do not desire to preach to penalty is death: treason, arson, etc.,
the converted or to persuade -those inarsenals and dockyards; piracy
who are convinced that I must be with violence, and murder. There
wrong. are, I believe, -no others. We must
I think it uncontrovertible that a renlenlber that it is not' sr'itficient to
country can call upon its men to die dispute the justice of the death pen-
in order that the community may arty in the 'ease of any particular
live. It does not matter whether the crime; it may well be that with re -
soldiers are volunteers or conscripts. gard to that offense the need for such
Consequently, I doubt whether the a•punishment has ceased though the
principle underlying 'the objection to penalty is retained, but that will not
the death penalty is not really the show that the penalty should be in -
expression of unconscious pacifism. flitted in other cases. it must be
Case of Traitor Cited- that there is no crime so enormous
Yet it may be objected, such a sac- that the offender must die.
rifice is for the Life of the community. Now as to treason. We know that,
The death penalty is a punishment in days gone by, treason was a charge
for an offence against its laws. Is often made on inadequate facts and
there, then, no crime which is aimed under barbaric laws. We do not al -
against the life of the community? ways bear in mini that those bar -
What, then, are we to say of a for- bayous laws have been repealed, and
eign spy who is seeking to discover that the law of treason is now coin -
and betray our secrets to the enemy? paratively simple.
What as to that viler person, the Penalty Sometimes Excessive.
traitor who seeks to subvert the laws
and constitution of our country, who I conceive that in some of the exist -
lends his aid to the enemy which. is ing cases it may well be that the
attacking our lives and liberty? If death penalty is excessive, but most
it Is lawful to resist the enemy and of them are so triable under the
kill him' in open and manly conflict is Treason -Felony acts which were pass -
it not also right to trample out the ed so that the offense can be treated
life of the worm who is a canker in as a felony without capital punish -
out midst? ment.
Z4hat le.theobieet of »tutfslrtllent'• Ofthe.secon0.offeese I believe that suffer the penalty, watverer it may
I tale it that primarily the object is there is no modern instance in this , be, unless he is guilty.
to inflict upon the offel.cler punish- country. During the war there was I have considered on many occas
went for his misdeeclr, and also, if it found no one so base as to inflict that sions with sympathy an dwith careful
be possible, to cause him (or others injury upon the country or to give attention the arguments brought for-
simiiarly disposed) to reform. It must such assistance to the enemy. If ward against capital punishment.
also not be fol,gotten that it acts as a there had been, the offender would They have not convinced me.
deterrent to others; and further by have been aiming at the life of the •:
punishing au offender atter a due ex-
his
he would have forfeited DO � r� �s^1
amination into his guilt, it prevents 11iS right to continue among els. I as -
community, ! i °tlSrltd�T
Latest in Locomotives
Tho new 2500 class locomotives
now being placed in service by the
Canadian Pacific Railway marls yet
another forward step in the history
of motive power.
'!'hese locomotives, ten of'• which
are being 'built for fast' passenger
schedules, are of the Hudson type
and in their speed, power, and efflel-
ency, represent the result of years of
experien.ce in designing and construc-
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The new engines have a wheel ar-
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N
f•N
and four wheels in the trailing truck.
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Pounds and of the tender 293,000
pounds, while the overall length of
the two is 91 feet 1 5.8 inches. Like
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service of the C.P.R, in the Rocky
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fired, and have cylinders and under -
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a working pressure of 275 pounds,
and the engines' tractive effort will
be in the neighborhood of 45,300
pounds.
flciently Wide area to form an accu-
rate opinion for our guidance. •
We 'e need also to examine the fate
of the murderers who have been re-
lgated to life-long imprisonment. It,
has been said that in some cases at
least the various conditions imposed
have constituted in themselves a
death sentence far more terrible than
one which is expressed to be a death
sentence. And while imprisonment
is metioned, cannot it be contended
with at least as much force that the
state has no right to deprive a roan
of his liberty?
And, lastly, there is the lingering
fear that the penalty of death may he
exacted in a case where a mistake
has been made. If the accused is
alive, such a mistake can, though Im-
perfectly, be put right, but' if he is
dead, life cantiot be recalled..
The public can rest assured that
the utmost care is taken not to exe-
cute the prisoner unless bis guilt is
manifest and in many cases not even
then. But the fear of a• possible mis-
take has no bearing on the problem
whether the state ought, or tau, in
natural justice, deprive a murderer
of his lite.- We are all agreed that a
man charged with murder should not
both the comunity and individuals
from taking the law iuto their own
hands to exact retribution. We have
no desire to introduce lynch law into
England.
Penalty as a• Deterrent
I am unmoved by the argument
that the death penalty does not deter
murderers, In the sense that no pun-
ishment has ever been an effective
deterrent to a man who has commit-
ted a crime, it is a mere platitude. If
punishment were an effective deter-
rent in all cases, there would be no
crime.
A criminal is a man who has not
been deterred, whether he be a pick-
pocket, a burglar, a bigamist or a
murderer, In his case the deterrent
has failed. But to argue from the ex-
ceptions that hanging is no deterrent
to a man who may be tempted to
commit murder is to advance a very
grave error of reasoning.- We should
require to know all the cases in
which that temptation has arisen and
has been resisted, and in what num-
ber or proportion of eases the death
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PHILLIPS
i�y4s p %MAGAFs
4,?.
For'.froubles
due to Acid
INDIGESTION
ACID STOMAGI-t
HEARTBURN
NEAOACH e
GAS8S-NAUSEA
,•
1Vhat many people call -indigestion
-very often. means excess acid in the
stomach. The stomach nerves have
been over -stimulated, and food sours.
The corrective is an alkali, which
neutralizes acids instantly. And the
,best alkali known to medical science
Is Phillips' Milli: of Magnesia. It has
remained the standard with , physi'
clans in tbe 50 years since Its laren-
tion.
sert that it would not be right that
such a man sbould live.
The third offence is piracy with. vio-
lence. We think that piracy is an
obsolete crime. There are no pirates
nowadays, and time has confused in
one golden haze the exploits of those
mariners of England who exacted re-
tribution in the days when private
vengeance was still arguably lawful,
and the misdeeds of the truculent
ruffians who disgraced the high seas
before the British Navy drove them
into oblivion.
But history proves that piracy re-
vives whenever government is weak,
and at the present time we are mourn-
ing the loss of two gallant men who
died defending their ship • from the
pirates whom lately we dislodged
from Bias Bay. .
In the olden times the pirate was
described as "Hostis humani generis"
and he alone of all criminals could be
hunted down and tried by any nation,
no matter what his allegiance or
where he preyed. The rule appliesto
this day.
But 'when people talk of the death
penalty they usually have in miud the
fourth offense, murder. The offender
has not considered the right of the
victim to live. That victim is now
dead and buried. Sometimes we are
tempted to think, when we read of
hysterical interest in murderers, that
the victim is forgotten.
Experiments Held inconclusive
It is said the experience in other
countries has shown that the aboli-
tion of the death penalty has not in-
creased the number of murders. It
may be the case in. particular areas,
but the experiment has not been tried
for a sufficient period or oyer a suf-
Wh
Cpm
YOUR LITTLE ONES
At no time of life is delay or neg-
lect more serious than at dhildhdod.
The ills of little ones come quickly
and unless the mother is prompt in
administering treatment a precious
little life may be snuffed out almost
1before the mother realizes the baby
is ill. The prudent mother always
keeps something in the medicine
chest as a safeguard against the sud-
den illness of her little ones. Thous-
ands of mothers have found through
experience that them is no other
medicine to equal Ba'y's Own Tab-
lets and that is why they always keep
a box of the 'Tablets on hand—why
they always feel safe with the Tab-
lets,
Baby's Own Tablets are a mild but
thorough laxative which by regulat-
ing the bowels and stomach banish
constipation and indigestion; break
up colds and simple fevers and pro-
mote healthy, natural sleep. Con-
cerning them, Mrs. Isaac Sonia, St.
Eugene, Out,, wriles:—"f have been
using Baby's Own Tablets ever since
baby was a month old and have found
that they reach the spot and clo more
good than auy other mt:'liic•ine I have
ever tried. 1 always keep the Tab-
lets in the house and would advise
all other mothers to do so." The
Tablets are sold by medicine dealers
or by mail at 25 cents a box from The
Dr. Williams' illedicine Co., Brock-
ville, Ont.
Crisis in Russia
Paul Schaffer in 'lie ],onion Ob-
server (Ind,): (The article, written
by the ablest of all Moscow corres-
pondents, and published its The Ob-
server, by courtesy of the Berliner
Tageblalt, states that the fate of Bol-
shevism is finally staked on a gigan-
tic hazard). .Events in the Soviet
Union are steadily moving towards a
crisis. Gradually that fact has come
to the surface and is plata to any eye.
a eso The decisive symptom is the increas-
ing shortage of food supplies not only
throughout the countryside, but in
towns. For the East two years the
Soviet Government has concentrated
its efforts 011 provision in the towns
at any cost, particularly the larger
cities with their industrialized popu-
lation, Now, however, it has fotincl
itself compelled to introduce ration
books for many of the necessities of
life. Queees of women, many of
whom have got up at three in the
morning, so as to get their rations be -
for the shops are sold out, are to be
seen in every town in Russia. Bread
once you learn the efficiency of this, Is short, and so are meat, sugar and
Go get a small bottle 'to try, tea.
Be sere to get the genuine Phillips'
MilkOPMagnesia prescribed by physis "I am net a gentleman. I ant far
clans for 50 years fix correcting "ex- beyond that."—George Bernard Shaw,
IF)
One speouful at ibis Ir it ,1.1..e`l, taste-
less alkali in water will neutralize in-
stantly malty times as muck acid, and
the symptoms disappear at once, You
will never use crude methods when
cess acids Dach bottle contains fall
directions—any ditigetol•e. , Falling Hair' --Just try Minerd's.
Europe or Empire?
L. S. Amery in the National Review
(London): • Joining any European
economic group would mean tying
ourselves up with an already over -in-
dustrialized low-wage area. Our ex-
pansion would be continually limited
by the competition of great, efficient,
and under -paid working populations.
Even to hold our own we should be
continually having to lower, or at any
rate hold back, our standard of living
until the European standard slowly
rose towards ours. Most serious ob-
jection of all to any such proposal
from our point of view is that it
would inevitably close the dooaato the
far greater prospects which are of-
fered us by the expansion of Empire
trade an dthe development of Empire
resources.. - . Even to -day, from the
Point of view of this country, the Em-
pire market is by far the most im-
portant element in our whole econ-
omic system. . . If the Empire
trade is already the most important
factor in our white external trade
system, it is no less important to the
other units of the Empire. Over 40
per cent. of the exports of every con-
siderable portion of the Empire find
their market in the Empire, and more
particularly in the United Kingdom.
Something like 84 per cent, of the
total of inter -Imperial trade is focus-
sed on the United Kingdon either
converging upon it or radiating from
it.
Compulsory insurance
R. E. Davidson in the New States-
man (London): In many cases there
is no valid objection to making a man
carry the cost of any risk which he
caseates. But the body of motorists
include many thousand persons who
are not at present insured because of
their poverty, such as uninsured
drivers ranging from artisan motor-
cyclist to struggling owners of a
single taxicab. They ought to be in-
sured, and it Is tbe duty of any Gov-
ernment to see that they are insured,
and of a Labor Government in par-
ticular to facilitate their insurance at
the lowest .practicable premium. But
the inevitable effect of compulsory
insurance is to raise premiums which
are already high towards prohibitive
figures. At present, opinion in the
House tends to consider that no real
solution of this formidable problem is
in sight.
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CONCLUSIONS
Our conclusions are determined lar-
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prejudices or prejudgments in great
pleasure monopolize our faculties.
We are not. so much ignorant es per-
verted.—Geikie.
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Nature Is just towards men. It re-
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JOY
There are souls in the world who
have the .gift of finding joy every-
where, and leaving it behind them
when they go. Their influence is an
inevitable gladdening cf the heart.
They give light without meaning to
shine. Their bright hearts have a
great wnrk to clo for God. --F. W.
Faber.
"Consider howemneh more often
you suffer from your auger and grief
than you do from those very things
for which you are angry and grieved,"
L U X
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"There is not one normal woman
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