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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1929-04-11, Page 3New Welland Ship •Canal . 'A Strategic Link' in the Great- , er St. Lawrence Water- ways • \ Which Will Provide Ship Navigation Be - ween. Lakes Erie and Ontario Oneof the most inmortant of the inland waterways in Canada is the. ;Welland Canal. It is one ot the prin- cipalthe great $t; Lawrence waterways coneecting the Atlantic Ocean ,with the Great Lakes. • The Welland Canal connects Lake Erie with, Lake Ontario, crossing the Niagara Peninsula about ten miles west of Niagara Falls, It overcomes a differenee in level of 3261/e feet. The ,original canal, Opened in. 1S29, extend - :ed from Poet Dalhousie on Lake On- tario to the town of Port Robinson, where a connection was made with the Welland River, The Course was down this river .to . its juaction 'with the Niagara River and thence to Lake Erie. This was not found satisfac- factory, so between the years 1831 and 1833 the canal was extended ,aiong it route from Port Robinson to 'Port • Celborne. The present canal, 26% iiles in teigth, was 'completed In 1S87. • • Several years ago it was found the •banal waa 'entirely' inadequate for use by the moelern, stearnshiper used on • the Great 'Lakes.' , As is generally kpown at important part of the busi- ness ea the Great Lakes is that of gialu carrying, and the constantly in- creasing output or the • grain -fields of Western Canada has resulted in the developmeut of a particular type of "Upper Lake Vessel" built to carry immense cargoes of grain. These ves- sels of 600 odd feet in length, loading at the upper lake ports,' while able easily to navigate Lakes Superior, Huron and Erie, are leveed to dis- charge tefr cargoes at the .foot of Lake Erie. either at Buffalo, 'N.Y., or Port C,olborne, Ont., because of the. restricted dimensions of the Welland Canal. The Canadian Government in 1908 proVided a million bushel eleva- tor at .?ort Colborneeto facilitate the transhipment est grain from the upper lakes vessels to canal sized vessels bound for Montreal, where it is ship- ped to Europe: This elevate'', accom- Medea= was soon found insuMcient and twine since,' In e.912-13 and again In 1e23 -e4, additions were built, so • that the Government has now a 3,000,- 000 bustle modern concrete elevator the capaelty-of which is already taxed to the limit. World's Largest Stock In order that there may be com- plete protection CO the canal and ves- sels in it, there is being buiit in addi- tion to the seven -lift locks,a guard • lock near the southern, or Lake Erie end fu the canal. The lock, known as No. 8, fee' 1,380 feet'in length between the inner gates. It is the longest lock in the world and is approached in size only by the two United States' locks at Sault Ste. Marie, which are 1,350 feet long. A very important feature of modern canal construction is the manufacture and erection of the ponderous steel gales. In the case of ' the Welland ship canal, as may be imagined even by the layman, the supplying and erec- tion of the gates is a matter of no small dimensions in itself. The ap- proximate weight 1 mdai iu each lower gate is 454 tons, and the total estimated weight of metal in the lock gates, with their fixed parts and ma- • chinery, is 23,000 toOt "In addition there is required no inconsiderable amount 'of machinery to operate the lock valve a and .valves in regulating weirs, the total estimated weight of metal in these items being 3,800 tons. The rota( estimated connected motor load for Operating the canal and the Port Colborne elevator is 15,300 h.p, With the very modern equipment be- teg installed for operating the locks, including the working of the valves, opening -and closing of the gates, etc., great facility of movement of vessels is expected. The time required to fill one ot these immense locks is only • eight minutes andthe estimated time for a vessel to pass through the ship canal froth end to end is eight hours. To Be Completed Next Year Concurrently with the increased grain production in Western Canada and the development of the large up- per laked vessels came the demand for a stili larger Welland Canal. In • 1912 government surveys demon- strated that a shorter and better route could be had via Ten -Mile Creek flow- ing into Lake Ontario. It was then decided. that the time had come to begin the construction of au enlarged Welland: Canal, In 1913 the construction of the ship banal was commenced, and with little interruption has been proceeded with until the present time. It is .expected the new canal will be completed some- time met mite The total- cost is sti- mated at abont $115,000,000. The ship canal is being built to modem stand- • ards ender 'the most up-to-date meth- 'pds and. rigid supervision and will, when finlehed, be ce 'monument to ,Canadiati engineering skill.. . To over 001116 the 3261/2 feet differeace in. level of Lakes Erie and On- tario the new canal will have seven locks of emitoem lift, eaoh 46V3 feet, vvhereain the present canal has 25 lock$ of -Varying lift, The-difeereace between the old and the new becomes' Very apparent 'When this comparison Is made, the other dimensions of the Ship caktal Making the comparison of The Lighter Side of Europee Freeze UR Manchus Lose Out in Modern China ,Proud Race Bows to 'flexor able Elimination of Drones EUROPEAN COLD NOT ENTIRELY UNAPPRECIATED While many loud complaints are voiced about the recent cold in Europe, enthusiasts such as these skaters on Wimbledon Common, London, don't care how hong; It continues. further interest. The useable lezigth of the locks. ie 820 feet as compared .with 255 feet 1 the present canal, the ship canal having locks of 80 feet width, as compared with 45 feet in• the present canal. The width of the canal proper it to be 310 feet at the water line and 200 feet at the bottom. The immense locks are built to take 30 feet of water on the sills; the canal reaches are to have 25 feet depth, which may be increased to 30 feet when the need' arises. Terminal at Prescott, Ont. It is planned to erect twenty-one movable bridges of the .most modern type across the canal, as in such a populous area there are many high- ways and a considerable number of railway lines. Each bridge is designed to carry the particular kind and vol- ume. of traffic offering at its particular location. In all cases the needs of navigation have been remembered, and the type of bridgeand modern machinery provided for their operation have demonstrated in the cases of those bridges that are already In oper- ation, that delays are reduced to a negligible quantity. At both ends of the ship canal large harbor wprks are located. At Port Weller, the Lake Ontario entrance, a. new and artificial harbor has been formed by the construction of two embankments extending into the lake fOr a distance of nearly one and one- half miles. The entrance is 400 feet wide and widens out to a bottom width of 800 feet in the harbor. The harbor is a little more than a mile long and covers an area of about 150 acres. With the completion of the Welland ship canal the upper lakes freighters drawing up to 25 feet will be enabled to proceed all the way down to the foot of Lake Ontario. This will mean that there will have to be established a terminal for these vessels for the purpose of traus-shipping grain cargo the smaller vessels navigating the St. Lawrence canals. At the last.session of the Canadian Federal Parliament the sum of $1,500,000 was voted for the purpose of commencing the con- struction of the necessary terminals at Prescott on the St. Lawrence River, between Lake Ontario and Montreal. It is proposed to have these terminals ready, including dockage space and an adequate elevator, by the time the Welland ship canal Is completed, prob- ably in the spring of 1930. King's Son Heads Church Assembly Duke of York Named Lord High Commissioner of Scotland CHOICE IS POPULAR Announcement is Received With Pleasure and Surprise London.—The announcement that Mental Balance Is Off in Spring Suicides and Crimes of Pas- • sion are Numerous Dur- ing April and May Cologne, Germany—That people are apt to be a little crazier in the spring than at other seasons is the conclusion of Dr. R. Hopmann, of the University of Cologne, who has collected statistics of the fluctuations of many kinds of human disease during the months of the year. There is a popular belief, world- wide in the temperate zone, Dr. Hop- i/Ann reports, that spring is a season of special danger to health. This is why our grandparents swallowed such "spring cleaning" mixtures as sulphur and molasses and used so many "spring tonics" compounded of var- ious roots and seeds. For some diseases, Dr. Hopmann Ends, the statistics do not support this idea that springtime is unhealthy. They' do support it notably, however, for diseases of the nervous system. There is evidence, he concludes, that mental ecmilibruim is less stable in the spring than at other seasons. Persons apt to lose their mental bal- ance anyway are more likely to suc- cumb in April or May. Those also are the months, Dr, Hop- mann points out, in which the police departments report the highest num- ber of suicides and of passion. Dr. Hopmann considers plausible the idea that spring disorders may be due in part to lack of ultra -violet rays during the long winter, but he feels that other weathez changes may be of importance also, and advocates fur- ther studies of disease statistics both by physicians and by weather experts. the Duke of 'York had been appointed Lord High Conneissioned of the Gen- eral Assembly of the Church of Scot- land was received with pleaanre and surprise throughout Scotland, where it is believed to indicate the King's approval of a union between the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. The long-drawn-out negotiations between the two Churches are drawing to a close, and final approval will be given in May to the incorporation of the two churches as a united body. The appointment of the Duke of York also puts an end to agitation to have the meetings of the General As- sembly postponed until after the elec- tion. Meanwhile, there appears to be some doubt as to whether the appoint- ment of a member of the Royal Fam- ily to such a post creates a precedent. It will be the first occasion, however, that a member of the Royal House has attended in an official capacity since James the Sixth removed the courts to London after the union of the Crowns in 1603. In 1597 James the Sixth occupied a position as Lord High Commissioner and was else pre- sent at General Assemblies in 1598, 1600 and 1602. League of Nations to Have New Home Agreement Signed at Geneva by Sir Eric Drummond and Swiss Gov- ment Geneva.—On Friday afternoon Sir Eric Drununond, on behalf of the League of Nations Secretariat and M. Boissonnas on behalf of the City of Geneva, signed an agreemznt for the erection ofa new I elate of nations in the Park Arlene. The occasion was marked by the exchange of compli- ments in which Guisoppe Matta, chief of the political department of the Fed- eral Government, took part, and de- clared that the Swiss Government was at ad. times anxi,,us to extend its sympathetic collab ation to the Lea- gue of Nations. • The league ern now congratulate itself on possessing an admirable site for the new palu.s., the foundation stone of which will be laid next Sep- tember when the Assembly meets. The league will have ample scope for the library so generously endowed by John DaRockefeller Jr. and to extend the buildings as occasion demands. Albany River o Ontario ,A recent report of the Geographic Board of Canada stetes that the Al - batty River, rising in Lake St .Joseph and flowing into /antes Bay, Ontario, was nettled by the Hudsoe's Bay Com patty' in 1083 after Tame, Duke of Black Is to play the game of the York and Albany (1633-1701), later enelriles of both, whether in Moscow Kills James 11. oreleewhere. HELD BY PEER. Since then the position has been generally held by a member of the Scottish peerage, though when Ram- say MacDonald was in power, James Brown, Ayrshire miners' leader, acted as Lord High Commissioner. Church leaders in all parts of Scot- land express pleasure at the appoint- ment of the Duke, and the Lord Pro- vost of Edinburgh, Sir Alexander Stevenson, says: "It is. one of the most popular appointments that have ever been made, especially as this is the last divided meeting of the As- sembly. The presence of the Duke of York, coupled with the fact that a union of the Scottish churches will be an accomplished thing, will make even more memorable a mentorabli. event. The Duke is already a freeman of the city, and the corporation will con- sider what steps should be taken to commemorate his visit." The appointment of the Duke also shows how the increasing responsi- gilities of monarchy are being distri- buted among the King's sons. General approval is given here to the news that the links between the Motherland and the various dominions will be graced in time by the appoint- ment of members of the Royal House to governor-generalships. FlertzOg and the Empire Leo Meese in the National Review (London): We have never entertain- ed any illusions concerning General Hertzog's towards the British 'Empire or doubted his desire to break It up. But we had hitherto supposed that his Separatism was animated by some perverted form of local patriot- ism. His latest manoeuvre indicates, however, that be is nothing but a party politician of that debased . type which will sacrifice every national la- terest In order to pick up a few extra votes. Happily each men are rarely good judges of 'albite opinion, and it is permissible to hope that there is .sufficient common sense in the elector- ate to whom he is appealing to realize that b raise the cry of White versus Prince Henry Off on Trip to Japan Peking. --The proud race of Man- chus, who ruled the Chinese Empire for more than two centuries, are a vanishing race, and are likely to dis- appear almost altogether within the next two or three decades, in the opin- ion of Dr. Jerznyn Lynn, Chinese pro- fessor of law at Chaoyang University here, who has map a study of the Mutants for years, The Manchus are like the famous Jewish colony in Iclonan pmvince, Dr, Lynn believes, which managed to maintain a distinct existence for 400 years, but eventually was overwhelm- ed, being absorbed by the Chinese, At present, Dr. Lynn estimates, the Manchus in Peping number about 850,000, a full third of the population. As long as their emperors ruled in the Forbidden City, they kept somewhat to themselves, living in separate parts of the city from the Chinese, and not intermarrying so often as they do now. In those days, Peking, like many cities in Europe and America, had Is i`Chinese Quarter," even though it was the capit Al. of China. A SHELTERED RACE But since the Manchu emperors abdicated in 1911, the plight of the Manchua has become steadily worse. They had become somt through cen- turies of easy and protected life, and were not fitted to ine•et the competition of hardier. Chinese. Dr. Lynn estimates that the largest single group of Manchus in Peping to- day earns a living by pulling rick - shows, a very severe occupation. Many others are domestic servants, working for Chinese or foreigners. A• late group is connected with the the- atre, of which the Manchu aristocracy was so fond. But if the Manchus are treated rather badly by the Chinese today, they are merely reaping the sins sow- ed by their fathers, Dr. Lynn points out. When the Manchus conquered China in 1644, and set up their em- perors o nthe Dragon Throne, Dr. Lynn declares the Manchus became an arrogant race, treating the humble Chinese with undue severity. en VERY ANCIENT RACE., The Manchu bannermen, or soldiers, were so undisciplined in their attitude toward the Chinese that the Manchu emperors tried to divert their atten- tion by persuading them to train birds and roll walnuts in their hands, di- versions still common among the Man- chus. The Mane' us are a very ancient race, Dr. Lynn points out. They first appear in Chinese chronicles as early as 2330 B.C. when they sent tribute to the Chinese emperor. They were vassals, but always very independent, becoming stronger as the Chinese weakened, until their conquered Pe- king in 1644. Lloyd George Again Declares He Will Aid Labor Liberal Leader Scores Tri- umph in Huge Meeting at the Albert Hall London.—Mr. Lloyd George had a well -staged triumph, recalling the post-war ovations in his meteoric car- eer, at the Albert Hall on Tuesday night, where he repeated to a crowded Liberal audience (his speech being also relayed to 14 other halls) his much-discussed claim tc be able to re- duce .unemployment to flannel in a year without cost to the taxpayer. Fifty thousand people who heard him were also thrilled by his plea for a reduction of armaments, his closing words, "Let's take some risks for peace," being cheered even more ener- getically than the adroitly arranged presentation of two Liberals who have won seats from the Government in re- cent by-elections. Regarding unemployment, Mr. Lloyd George declared emphatically, "Of one thing I have no doubt—we shall be in the position to compel the fulfillment of our pledge." This was in reference to the f act even if the Liberals f ail to obtain a majority in the next Par- liament, there is now a generally rec- ognized probability of their being in sufficient strength toeswing the bal- ance of the other two parties. An- other striking point was, "Mr. Bald- win is paying 05,000,000 a year and getting nothing in return. We propose paying two or three times that amount for honest, good, valuable work," In the audience was Lord Rother- mere, the newspaper proinietor, whose usually Conservative organs are now telling their readers, "The 'way to make a vote tell against Soci Duke of Gloucester to Invest Emperor With Order of Garter London.—The Duke of Gloucester left recently for Tale where he will invest the Emperor of Japan with the insignia of the Order of the Garter. The Duke will proceed to Marseilles. He will embark there on the SS. Morea of the P. & 0. Line for Yoko- hama, where he is scheduled to arrive May 2. It was said that the sole purpose of the trip was the investing of Emperor Hirohito with the insignia which was awarded him at the time of his cor- onetion .at Kyoto last November. The trip will serve, however, as a return of Prince .Chichibu's recent visit to England. Numerous official ceremonies and reeeptions have been arranged in Ja- pan to keep the Duke and his party busy for two or three weeks. The trip will mark, the third time the Order of the Garter has been awarded to an Emperor of Japan. On the two previous occasions Prince Arthur of Connaught officiated. In accordance with custom, the in- signia is returned to Ertglatd tpon the death of its reeipient, but it is aot known whether the badge which the Duke of Gamester carries to Tokio is the same as that wort by the pro - sent Emperor's father, No record is kept of the individurl badges, most of which date back to near the time of Henry VIM The trip was planned for early this year but delayed because of King George's, illness. In Mexico parents are to be allowed to attend school with their children. Which is going -to raid to the complica- tions Of playing hookey. A shorthand expert says that Cana. ttrtn talk muck more rapidly than they did twenty years ago. It may he added, they have more to talk about. a m sis to give it to the Liberals." Just before the Albert Hall eaemonstration Mr. Lloyd George strolled into the House of Commons, where he was greeted with ironical cheering, from the Con- servative benches and cries of "Why weren't you here last night," this hav- ing reference to the fact that he did not attend to defend his proposals when they were under debate. Canada and the League Ottawa Journal Cons.): Canada joined the League of Nations as a separate entity. This, as a Nor- wegian jurist pointed out, is in the World Court statutes and in the Lea. gue Covenant. More than that, Can- ada and Australia and the other Do- minions have never recognized the right of British delegates to vote for them or to speak for them. They are to use a homely phrase, on their own. But states like Greece cannot grasp that. To them the British Empire suggests an Empire With all that the term has implied and meant in the story of the past. It is .something that will prove difficult to •overcome, but which must be. If Canada Is go - big to pay her shot of the expenses of the World Court and the League. and be responsible for their decrees, then Canada cannot accept any pos. ition of inferiority or leave the decd. sion of matters vital to her to those. English or otherwise, who may not know the circumstances of her ease. eee • Immigration Chicoutimi Progres du Saguenay (Ind.): Our policy at immigration has not given the results which have been expected of it. Exact statistics show that, for many years, we have' been losing by emigration more hte man capital than is brought to us by ships from Europe. And to this loss must be added the millions which have been spent in the enterprise. Toronto Growipg An expenditure of $13,000,000 fot the Carrying out (1 plans designed to 'relieve traflc congestion in the city and to develop propsed beauitfication schemes has been recommended to the Toronto City Council by the Advisory City Planning Commission. Torono, the eapital of the province of Ontari". hes grown rapidly in recent years. It has a population f about 600.000 aroi i the second largest laity in Canada. THAT'S CERTAIN "What are you going to get along with your new Easter hat?" "One grand big argument from the old man." Nobel Prizes What the Nobel Prizes are? Allred liernhard Nobel, a Swedish pliilan- thropist and inventor, who died in 1896 set aside by his will a sum of money to provide live prizes every year for such persons as had done most for the benefit of the world in chemistry, medicine, physics, litera- ture and peace. These are the Nobel prizes, which constitute a very high honor indeed. • Riad yard la' ipl leg for 1 Hera bre, Sir William Ramsay tor chemiatry, Lord Rayleigh for physics are some dis- tinguished Englishmen who have been awarded Nobel Prizes. Beauty in the flesh will continue to rule the world, and ne better way THEY'RE LIKE THAT Tillie Turtle: How do you find Me will ever be found to glorify beauty snake? . than the stage,—Ploreliza Ziegfeld. Tessie Turtle: Charming,