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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1928-04-05, Page 6INDIAN PRINCES WELCOME JCanadian Trains \ MOVE TO CLEAR STATUS Equipped With Some Contest British Right to Force Abdication or to Inquire In,a Conduct; Frequent Appeals Made PEOPLE'S NEEDS SET FORTH Survey Expected to Cover Grievances of the States' Popul- ation; Prices Soar "to report upon the rela- tionship between the paramount power and the Indian states, with particular reference to the rights and obligations arising from • treaties, engagements, sanads, and usage, sufferance and other causs, and, secondly, to inquire into the financial an d'economie re- lations between British India and the states, and to make any recommenda- tions that they may consider desir- able or necessary for their more satis- factory adjustment." People Voice Grievances. The relationship to be inquired into is made out here to be a tripartite or triangular one—l.e., tthe British 'gov- ernment, British India and the Indian. states. There is no reference to the subjects of the Indian states, who number more than 70,000,000. It is commonly known that in most of the states the condition of the people is unbearable and that official adminis- tratipn hardly gives them any security of :person and property. It is only during late years that the people of some of the worst governed states have made bold to assemble in some town in British India and voice their grievances. It would be benevolent if the committee extended the scope of its inquiry so as to comprise also this aspect of the important problem. Lord Irvin's humane sympathies, as well as Sir Harcourt Butler's regard for popular welfare are sure to recog- nize the need for action in this mat- ter. In that case the Indian States' Committee will be of wider benefit and importance than if it is concern- ed merely with the personal claims and clamors of the princes. London.—The recent aanoencenient of the Viceroy that the Secretary of State for India has appointed a com- mittee to go into the question of the relation of the Indian princes with the British government is welcome news to the ruling princes of India. Con- siderable anxiety has prevailed in their minds during recent Vice -royal- ties owing to the difficulties in the way of securing settlements of cer- tain outstanding matters. Of course their position precludes them from pursuing methods other than those of secret and tactful diplomacy, whereas the politicians of British India have no such limitations and are free to resort to any measures of agitation to secure their desires. After the close of Lord Curzon's strong -handed regime, Lords Minto, Hardinge and Chelmsford pursued a policy of "peaceful procrastination" with regard to the individual and col- lective contentions of Indian princes. After them Lord Reading made a point of facing the situation and an- nounced decisions• which Lord Curzon himself might have envied. His reply to the Nizam of Hyderabad on the question of the rendition of Berar, and to the Gaekwar of Baroda with re- gard to his claim of suzerainty over the Jamnagar and other Katheawar states are judicial documents contain- ing memorable dicta which the princes could scarcely have relished. In the former document Lord Read- ing obser"'ved: "The suzerainty of the British Crown is supreme in India, and no ruler of an Indian state could justifiably claim to negotiate with the British government on. an equal foot- ing." Princes Cling to Old Status. The remark stands like a truism nowadays, but some of the princes, like those of Hyderabad, Bhopal and Cashmere, treasure the idea that not many decades ago their ancestors held the same relation to the imperial government that King Amanullah of Afghanistan and King Fuad of Egypt now do, and that since there has been no open conquest of their dominions since then the old relationship must be deemed to continue. Historically the growth of imperial- ism in India falls into three periods. In the first period, or up to 1813, the pressure of Parliament and prudence of the merchant company eufored a policy of non-intervention. Next, from 1814 to 1857, schemes of empire en- gaged the Governors General. The policy adopted was one of isolating the native states and subordinating them to the ascendency of the para- mount grower. The expression "mutual alliance" gave place to "subordinate alliance." After the mutiny of 1857 the Viceroy, Lord Canning, said: "The Croivn became unquestioned ruler in all India," and from that date preven- tion, guidance and correction became the aims of the Viceroys. The third period is now under way, so far as the imperial policy is con- cerned, but the treaty documents in the possession of some of the major princes do not seem to be specifically assertive of that policy. The present trouble is, therefore, that they are in- terpreted in one way by the political department and in another way by the ruling princes concerned. Dissatisfaction Often Voiced. Consequent on this, many times dur- ing recent years the Secretary of State has frequently been appealed to by one dissatisfied ruler or another, as for instance, the Gaekwar of Baroda regarding his suzerainty over the Kathsawar princes, Jamsaheb claim- ing laiming to develop his ports as against Bombay, the -Begum of Bhopal regard- ing the question of succession, and so on. It is further contended by the princes that when one of them is guilty of malpractice or of maladmin- istration the British government has. no right to inquire into his conduct or to require him to abdicate. This con- tention was put forth during the In- dore inquiry, at the time of the Nabha abdication, and more recently in the case of the Maharaja of Bharatpur. In 1918, when the Montford Re- forms were on the anvil, a princes' conference voiced the complaints loudly on this matter; whereupon Lord Chelmsford's government asked them to point out specific .instances in which the powers of the political de- partment had been aggrandized a1 the expense of the states. The granting of financial autonomy to the Indian Legislature, in the con- stitution of which the states have no part, has swept the latter into an elab- orate tariff maze, and as a result the cost of living in the Indian sttates has increased, without the Corresponding industrial development which a tariff Wall is expected to encourage, because the tariff revenue goes in ful to the Indian exchequer. The terms of the reference to the Indian . States. Com- mittee indicate an inquiry into this -question also. All these various problems make a very thorough investigation necessary and require statesmanlike conclu-. Bions. Lord Irvin has taken a most comrnendable step he securing the ap- pointment of the eomrrlittee. The Ob- jects of the romtnittee iii the words of the announcement riref Graduate Studies At the University . Of Toronto The University of Toronto is gain- ing wide recognition for the oppor- tunities which it offers to college graduates to pursue post -graduate studies and research work. The Pro- vincial University has always en- couraged advanced and specialized studies, but ,fn comparatively recent times the enrolment has increased so greatly that a re -organization of the whole field became necessary in 1922, when the School of Graduate Studies was established with Dr. McMurrfch, Professor of Anatomy, as Dean. In 1920 there were 155 students en- rolled. This year there are slightly over 400. While the large majority of students are graduates of the Univer- sity of Toronto, there are men and wo- men from over thirty other universi- ties and colleges. Fifteen universi- ties and colleges in Canada are repre- sented, among these the western uni- versities are conspicuous with a total of twenty-nine students of whom eleven conte from British Columbia. The provision of scholarships to as- sist students from the west, primar- ily, accounts In part for the relatively large number drawn from those pro- vinces. Many other countries and na- tionalities are represented; for in- stance, Russia contributes three young men who are studying the Canadian science of Agriculture, and a young woman, native of India, is doing medical research work. The high reputation which this University holds throughout the world may be judged when it is realized that the foreign students select Toronto after investigating what other institutions of higher learning have to offer. Candidates, who have the requisite entrance requirements, are accepted for the courses leading to the follow- ing degrees: Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Master of Arts (M.A.), Doc- tor of Medicine (M.D.), Master of Surgery (Ch.M.), Master of Applied Science (M.A.Sc.), Master of Archi- tecture (M.Arch,), Civil Engineer (C.E.), Mining Engineer (M,E.), Me- chanical Engineer (M.E:), Electrical Engineer' (E.E.), Chemical Engineer (Chem.E.), Metallurgical Engineer Met.E.), Doctor of Pedagogy (D.Paed.), Forest Engineer (F.E.),. Master of Science in Agriculture (M.S.A.), and Master of Science in Dentisttry (M.Sc. Dent.). Modern Radio Transcontinental Lirniteds Have Receiving Apparatus in Pullman Cars, With Earphone for Each Chair Operators Man Receivers Difficulties Experienced Due to Blanket Effect of Tun- nels and Steel Bridges Despite the fact that the train was speeding along at more than forty miles an hour on its way from Boston to Montreal, regardless of daylight and the hilly country through which the road lay, passengers in the parlor. car of this train were being entertain- ed in a most novel fashion, Promthe loudspeaker at the end of thecar issued forth music from New York ,.and Schenectady with a• volume which was easily heard by the holder of the rear -most seat. And if at any time any passenger wished to listen more closely to the concert he had but to put on the earplednes which hung beside his seat. As nightfall gathered and the music became even louder, reception improv- ing with a greater choice of stations as a result, a feeling of admiration and awe became prevalent through the car. To pick up entertainment such as this, with, as good a quality of tone and as small an amount of inter- ference nterference as one has in one's parlor.at home. seemed incredible. The most skeptic on the subject of radio on moving trains would have been eu Nitrate of Soda For Strawberries, Tests made for several seasons at the Kentvilie, Neva Scotia, Experi- mental Station show that, under the soil conditions of the district, 100 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre ap- plied broadcast after strawberry plants have started growth in the sppring -will materially increase the yield of fruit. Heavier applications have not been as. profitable, In the four years during +which the experi- ments were Conducted, land on wlilch' 200 pounds per acre of nitrate of soda' was spread produced at the rate Of 7,510 quarts of strawberries per acre. When the applications was at the rate of 100 pounds per acre the pro. duction -averaged 7,00G quarts, while the land receiving no filtrate of coda gave an average of only 4,009 "quarts of fruit per acre.• --•Issued by the Director of Pubiloity, Doni. Dept. elf Agriculture. tirely convinced. Seventy -Six Cars Equipped The government-owned railway of Canada operates seventy-six cars similarly equipped on its runs from coast to coast. Practically any of the longer trips to Canada may now be made more pleasant with tl a enter- tainment afforded by the radio. Whether one travels in the east or west of Canada on the Canadian Na- tional Road, and a parlor car .is at- tached one -can be fairly sure that there is also a radio operator and ,a radio receiver aboard. A box ant- enna extending the length of the car and about seven inches above the metal roof, gives the clew from the outside of the entertainment to be had within. The aerial is supported on glass. insulators above the roof, which is also the ground for the. re- ceiver, thus allowing but a very short distance between aerial and ground. At the place nearest- the position of the radio receiver the -aerial is tapped and a Lead-in brought to the set. The receiver is housed inan upright cabinet, being a separate unit loosely placed in the cabinet. Above and be- low the place for the receiver there is room for batteries and accessory ap- paratus, while on top of the cabinet in the cone loudspeaker. As men- tioned before there is a pair .of ear- phones plugged in at each seat, the fittings for these plugs being specially built into the car and the wiring to the receiver is behind the panels. The number of phones used caries as to the number of seats, from twenty- eight to forty being used. These are Connected to the number in sets .or five, eaoh live phones being hooked up in series, and each set lli. parallel. Sete Used In most of the cars the receiver used is a four -tube reflex, doing the duty of a six -tube set, with a three stage power amplifier for use ,with the loudspeaker, This receiver is special- ly made for the railway company and is not found on the market although at one time it was among the sets,on sale to the public. The choice of his set and the five -tube neutrodyne of the same make on the n --ewer cars, such as the Boston -Montreal, was only made after exhaustive tests had been conducted with a great variety of re- ceivers. Loop aerials and super - heterodynes were found to be useless- on selesson moving trains, especially steel cars, which make up the majority of those on the Canadian lines. There are still sets being tried out for new ears, and all the cars being built as parlor cars are now wired for the purpose while under construction. ' Tn insure the passengers of good reception a radio operator is carried on each radio -equipped car. These are in the main young men, specially- trained peciallytrained to use radio receivers• on the trains, and they know with a nicety what to expect on a run and where to find those stations ,quickly without too much interference from telegraph lines and power lines coming in dur- ing their bunt. In fact, while look- ing far another station they will dis- connect the phones and loudspeaker and plug in their own headset. These young men, some ,of whom are government licensd wireless oper- ators, are uniformed and instructed in the interesting points on their run, so as to be able to inform travellers I -what this or that interesting land- ' mark is. - Difficulties in Reception It is interesting to listen to the con- certs critically when going through cuttings and tunnels and over steel bridges. Each of these structures has a tendency to blot the music out, sometimes noticeably and at other times barely perceptibly. Power lines also cause some trouble, and at some stations it is necessary to turn the set off, due to the interference caused by the telegraph dispatcher. Although a few. railroads in the United States 'also carry radio-equp- ped cars, none of the companies. Inas gone into the system in the same man- ner as the Canadian National Rail- ways. Trains operating into the United States from Canada are now being equipped, notably those from Montreal to Boston and from Toronto to Chicago. The service, now three years old, is greatly appreciated by travelers, many of whom voice their appreciation to she operator at the termination of their trip. • Power of Thrift. "Baldwin -"Well, we've stopped the crime wave in Edinburgh." George V.—"Fine. How did you do it? Baldwin—"By charging for room and board in the jails." More Like a Straphanger. "What will become of a child who constantly clings to his mother's skirts?" "He may become a trapeze artist" I! we adults are a sample of what spanking will do in forming character perhaps it's just as well that parents no longer do it. The Wrigley Swimming Marathon Trophy is a perpetual trophy to be competed for each year, The first Wrigley Marathon was field off Catalina Island, and won by. George Young, of Toronto. The second. Wrigley Marathon was 'held at Toronto and was Won by Ernst Verkoetter, of Berlin, Germany. The third Wrigley Marathon will be held its 1928, either in Canada or the United States. The Wrigley Trophy is a reproduction in sterling silver of the lemons "Flying Mer- cury" modeled, by Giovanni da Bologna, The position of the figure is changed to show Mercury presenting to Father Neptune a wreath. Neptune' with his trident, dolphins and water surrounding are in bronze, The Mercury figure contains o ler 1,000 ounces of silver. hi g Y addition to the big trophy there will be provided annually a replica in sterling silver and bronze, to be presented to the city where the Marathon is held. wi FoE SOLE HOUSE HOUSE AND WORKSHOP rer ar`" x ►vim>aais ... ? t tee it' �? � �•`�b GARDEN LOOKING NORTH Fruit ranch, 30 acres, water frontage i $4,000 cash or $4,500 on terms. on oeautiful Arrow Lakes, half clear- ed, fenced and planted, about 1000 trees, good buildings, garden, lawn, and flowers, close to church, school and store, good hunting and fishing, No trades. C. S. Bali, owner, East Arrow Park, British Columbia, or Mrs. S. Frank Wilson, 5 Dale Ave., Rosedale, Toronto. Telephone RAndolph 1830. England Builds America's Bells 2,000 British Bellringers Stand in Wonder as Tone Stronger Than Big Ben's Rolls Out in Test Crowds Stop in Streets Carillon Made for New Baptist .Temple in New York is the Heaviest Set of Ten Ever Chimed or Rung Croydon.—Two thousand bell ring- ers from all parts of England listened recently while a new Pell with a voice deeper and more resonanat than Big Ben boomed out from the Croydon bell foundry for the first time. It was the eighteen and a quarter ton bell, the largest ever cast in England, which has been made for the Carillon. of the Park Avenue, the Baptist`s new Temple in the Riverside Drive; New York (whose pastor is the Rev. Dr. Harry E. Fosdick). Slowly the gigantic bell began to taves. swing while four men pulled a rope Other American balls which the with all their might. With each swing ' bell-ringers of England saw in vari- the bell gathered momentum and soon ous stages of completion, included a the massive clapper struck the bronze carillon of forty-eight ror Norwood, side. The resulting tone seemed to Mass.; twenty-three for a Cincinnati roll up from the depth's of the earth, ; church and eight additional bells for and, the vibration was such that It ilio Cohasset, Mass., tower. seemed as if all the air was in motion under the roof of the foundry shed. As the tollinggrew more insistent, i' crowds stopped in. the..eireet. outside,' wondering what the stentorian ivoico could mean, for even when the giant ' ip Perlianient Tower' speeles,hie-atone is hot quite "sd commanding. ;rite chivies" of mile .otfrer great; bells, all destined for: the'. Riverside ;.i:" Drive tower,"i•ankeeit.elro-against the walls °of the Ioutedry, and; were heard far across' Er eydon. 4+ fields. •They are the heaviest set of ; text bells with eo isecrttive• notes ever rung or chivied. Their weight is four and one -halt times `thud of the set of twelve in St. Paul's, in London, lith -1 erto the -heaviest in the world, The big bell for the Riverdale temple as the'' fourth ,largest in existence ands the biggest ever tuned for chiniilg. Crowds of visiting bell ringers stood in: wonderilnont.,in front of the massive beta, as 12 it could not be real. Some of these, men had conte from sleepy little villages in the country, from churches like the famous one of Stoke Poges, whose curfew bell in- spired Gray's Elegy, ' :One visitor with a wrinkled face and a fringe of white heard under his chin had conic . front an obscure vii. lase in North England, whore he has been ringer for :almost sixty years. I• Ie had begu.n.rieging on au ancient hand - chiseled bell in a 'wooden steeple, never dreaming of such a creation as he saw. The Archbishop of Canterbury and other church dignitaries were present at the foundry as a tribute to the Guilds of Bell Ringers—the "change ringers" as they are called here. Form- ed entirely of volunteers from con- gregations who have an ear for music and an enthusiasm for this hobby, these guilds have been a unique fea- ture in English church life for three centuries. In chiming and harmonizing the bells the most beautiful results came from the magnificent carillon of twen- ty-three bells made for the Mayo clinic, Rochester, Minn. This carillon, with a tone as mellow as the ancient Belgian bells, is played on a' keyboard much 'like an organ and requires little more physical strength than a big or- gan. It can :give two chromatic octaves, with the exception of the two lowest semitones—an achievement not equal- led by the medieval carillons which were not tuned accurately for pealing in harmony. The Rockefeller carillon when coneplete (the dome of its bells is already in New York) will be still more remarkable, with a range of five oc' (11 :r, a Gabby Gertie "A girl skips the dancing stalls when she leaps into the limelight,` When will warfare end Well, con- si.der this: It's only in life 1. communi- ties that, inert still.er. settle cements ivlth their fists.