Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1927-06-09, Page 3LINDBERGiAIRPLANE GUIDED BY LATEST PILOTING DEVICES Earth Inductor Compass Regarded as One of Outstanding Safeguards to Air Travel; New 'fora—The instrument booed on Captain Lindbergh's airplane contains. nearly a dozen devices that represent "the last word," spoken so fax, to aid in the edema of aerial navigation. Every movement of the monoplane from right to left, up or down, its Speed, its altitude, its direction may be observedby the pilot at a glance, Besides the instruments Of naviga- tion, there are ,others which show the state and stock of fuel and oil in the tanks, the temperature of the oil,the motor speed, the pressure of the oil and a °lea. Just before the flight started on • Roosevelt Field on Friday morning, Brice Goldough, navigation of- ficer of the Pioneer Instrument Com- • pany, which Suppliedthe instrumento for Captain Lindbergh's air plane, made a complete check of them to see that they were functioning. He gave a diecription of the board, explaining that by far the most important device, and one that makes long-distance flights outside of land possible, la the earth inductor compass, the invention of Morris M. Titterington, chief en- gineer of the Pioneer Company. An Outstanding Achievement "This invention," he said, "Is prob. ably one of the outstanding achieve- ments in the navigation of the air. It • consists of a generator which uses the earth's magnetic field as a, source of energy. It is connected to a dial on the board and if the pilot wants to fly in any direction—north, east, south or west—he turns the dial on his board to that direction and the indica. tor aotuated by the earth inductor com- pass, shows him when he is flying in that direction. • "This little instrument, a. part of which is located on top of the - air- plane, Is almost human in its opera tion and more accurate. There le an ordinary magnetic ,cointase attached to it which is used, for ,checking pur- poses, but is not regarded as entirely necessary." In addition to this, instrument, which Mr. Goldeborough desoribed as "the airplane's sense of direction," the in- strument -board has the following other devices: A turn indicator, which shows, when the airplane is flying in a straight line. It has "no sense of direction," but shows when there is deviation from the course. An altimeter, showing elevation of the airplane. Speed indicator, operated by air press sure created by the velocity of the air- plane going through the air. A delft indicator, which, shows the deviatiou of the flying machine from •, its course. An indicator showing the rate of climb. Barograph Keeps Record. In addition to these instruments, a barograph was installed in the air- plane by Carl Schorn', secretary of the National Aeronautic Association and American representative of the French, or international, association, and sealed with the -official seal of the association. This is for purposes of record and shows whether the airplane has completed a continued ,courseor whether the flight was interrupted. The reading of this instrument in Paris will be official recognition of the status of the trans-Atlantic flight. The instruments on the board show- ing engine operation are: • A tachometer, which indicates the revolutions per minute ofthe motor. The maximum turn of the Wright whirlwind, 225 horsepower monis with • which Captain Lindberg's monoplane is equipperL is 1900 revolutions a min- ute, but he will maintain, Mr, Golds - borough said, about 1500 revolutions a minute. An oil pressure gauge. An oil temperature A gasoline gauge. At the top of the board le a •peelecope for the filer, who sits well down in the oockpit. Withiu reach of his hiauds and feet are the usual eontrols for engine and wings. Uses Wright Whirlwind Motor In the ease of Captain Lindbergh's monoplane. is the Wright whirlwind motor. Immediately back or this mo- tor and filling the entire front portion • of the fuselage of tho monoplane is t lams gee tank, winch is divided lute five separate compartments.. The, files' has individual control over each of these compartments, and is able, in case of a leak, to transfer the gaso- line from one oompartment to another. Directly back of this large tank is, the instrument board and alsectly back of it is Captain Lindbergh'e. seat Captain Lindbergh has no visibility forward when flying, but he has doors at hie right band and at bis lett •in which ere removable windows., These are on either side of the coekpit. In landing Captait Lindbergh must iiit his head through one of these windown During flight however, he keeps these wilidesve closed end depeeds entirely on the instruments in front, 4-.4 He has for emergenoy vieve, ahead a small periscceie—a mirror set at about 45 degrees, He can slide this peri- scope out at the left wide of hie Mello - plena, and svhille it does not give him a veil good View, itt least enables him te tell whether he in flying over land or water and "whether there are mountains or valleys or plains ahead. • Resetting Compass Controller Captain Lindbergh's task Was one that required very great alertness, dar- ina the entire period of Isis trans- Atlentie-flight. Aside from keeping e very careful watch on his indicator, to be sure that everything was reaction. ing properly, be had to carefully watch and follow the hand' of the earth in - doctor indicator. It was necessary about ono e every hoer for him to carefully estimate the position he had remelted oix his chart and to reset the Induction compass controller to his new heading, which was neoessary to maintain hies sm the great (siesta eourse, or the shortest distance between two paints. The course changes continually while the aviator is in flight. ' Captain Lindbergh left Roosevelt Field flying about northea.st aid navi- gators, here said: he would .reach Le Bourget flying about eoutheast. Dula sign his flight it, was necessary for him to alter his course about two 'degrees ' each hour. He was able to do this simply by ,setting -the hand of the earth ' conductor controller tsve degrees in the propesr direction and thee con. - timing to follow the hand of the con- ductor indicator as be•fore. -- Spoons' from Monitor Bureau. --este__ Americans in China. London National Review: (In a let- ter written. to the Editor from Shang- hai.) The Warat thing of -all, and the most fatal diplomatic blunder that we have made (the Britieh), was in aban- doning the Japanese Allianoe to please the Americans. Japan had alwayst car- ried out the full letter and spirit of this, allianee, and was bitterly disap- pointed at our betrayal of a loyal friend in order to please a nation from whom we have received nothing but stabs, in the back out here.. , , In the recent past we have in many cases interfered. on behalf of the Americans when their property has been threat- ened by the Chinese mobs at various places., and, of course, we have al- ways been prepared to receive re- fugees of .American or other nationali- ties on board our ships. We have never once reoeived any reciprocal protection: from theme the most that tlrey have ever done was at Chung- ching, when they offered to evacuate our women and .children (but refused to take our men), and refused in any way to try and protect our property. An old flame makes things hot for manY a man. V an evening paper says that legislee don should not forget the ground land- lords. But what aboln the "ground" tenants? • When a man does something he wants kept out of the paper he con- siders a 14We publicity as well as a liltia learning a dangerous thiug. Victoria, British Columbia.—Possi- bilities of the British Columbia coast as the centre of a large •tobacce grow- ing industry will be tested out this year as a result of experiments spon- sored by T. E. Coventry, member' of the Provincial Legislature. Seed has been imported and is being grown on two halt -acre experimental., plots 'at Saanirh, One. will be irrigated and the other worked without irrigation to test out the best method of production, WiN6/10i/Mail/1!/;;NiefinigNigMaXP The "noard" that enabled Lindbergh to "sail to his line," on his Newyork -Paris flight. The plat* Horse.: EX PERT SAYS THE WAR CAUSED , Le o lVfaxse in the London National Review: There is rune very dark horse in this Chinese business of which little is heard and on which less la written. Dark horses are frequently dangerous. This one always is. When it first transpired that Great Britain was, so to speak, "in the Chinese peep," and that we stood to suffer heavy material losses as well as political damage, there was a fierce outburst of joy throughout the Fatherland, who derives more pleas- ures from the rnisfortunes of others than any nation living or dead. That Prussia-nized Germany has always hated us and wished us ill is a, com- monplace and a compliment. We ,would not have it otherwise. It is a tribute to our essential difference from them, although both peoples are alleged to be of Teutonic stock. • Britain and America. London The World To -day: On the whole, .one is safe in saying thatthis country is much mere popular in the United States to -day than it has evex. been before. Sporadic outbursts of Anglophobia are by no means of suf- ficient weight to controvert this con- clusion, Both the conduct of this country in the war and her prompt settlement of her debt have raised Great Britain in the esteem of the United States far higher than any other European nation. After all the years of jangling discord -it does seem regrettable that this increase in. af- fection there, should come at a mom- ent of excessive ceolness here. It is, of course, the inevitable role of the creditor to be disliked, but there are other and more insidious causes at 'work. Enthusiasm A merchaft, complimenting his edu- cated negro clerk, said: "Sambo, Elena: understand how you can. do all your work so .quickly and so wen." "I'll tel yuh how 'tisboss. 1 sticks de match ob •enthusittem trade fuse energy — and jes' natchurally ex- plodes." Alfred was smoking a ,cigarette by the fire, when Isi's wife entered, and said, "What do you think? Mother ease she has made up her mind to be cremated." "Good," said Alfred, jump- ing up. go and order a taxi," Sir Arthur Geneva -The PRESENT ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 1.•••=•••••••••••••••••••••• Salter Drew Up Memorandum for the Inter- national Conference at Geneva. economic troubles of Many Remedies Proposed the day are not dire to any diminution of the 'nature.' resouroee pf the world, or -mann capacity to exploit them, ac- oording to Sir Arthur Salter's memo- randum on post-war tendencies in in- dustry. They are due in the main, he says, to the economic disturbance and disorganization brought about by the war, and to the imperfect realization of their causes., which has produced misdirected and ill-judged efforts to adjuet the situation. to new require - mute. It is therefore .00ereot known edge and precise information of the laws of economic science which are above all needed, and it will be the duty of the experts at the Economic Conference to supply this,. • Of great importance from this view - Point is a correct appreciation of the general tendencies of post-war indus- try, so that the prodection of raw materials and the distribution of the finished article may be better adapted to supply and demand. Everyday Phenomena In studying everyday ptenomena, one of the first facts which strikes' the inAirer is the 'change which. has been produced in the, relative importance of the industry of America, japan, Australia and the Pacific as oom- pared. with Europe. The war has no- ceatuatee the tendency of the self- sufficiency of melons in the matter of production, which has affected the Position of Europe in ,the finishing trade. Thus China., Brazil and India now manufacture far more of their own cotton goods, and Australia uses fax more of Its, own wool. The Indus- trialization of Asia and Oceania has diminished the demand for goods from England and other countries, and the East Iias deyeloped its internal com- merce and its trade with the United States to the detriment of Europe. Nevertheless, in Europe, Fra.noe, Italy and Sweden have increased their pro- duction, although Germany and the united Kingdom are below their pre- war standard—in sane of the blokes - ed capacity of their -factories. The change in political and eco- nomic frontiers, the fluctuations in the currency in Europe, and the inorease in tariffs, have also tended to throw European industry out of its stride. Many proposals have been presented to the Economic Conterenee for re- medying this State of things and re- storing prosperity to Europe, and the most important of these are to be found in "The Summary Memorandum on Various Industries." They may be sainlmarized under four headings,: (a) The establishment of interna- tional federations, for the promotion of the general interests of particular he duetries. and the study of teohnical and commercial sseobleme, the publioation of reports and ststistiesposeibly the organization ,of a system of arbitne ,(b) The arrangement of internation- al agreements with a view to steady - Ing production duction and adapting it to de- m(c) The specialization of production and "rationalization" of industry and commerce; establishment of standard types, etc.; (el) The freedom of markets from legal or administrative restrietions. In addition it is suggested that it would be well LE the Economic Con- ference were to draw the attention of states to the danger involved in the establishment of new industries at a time of latent overproduction, and to the desirability of a liberal eommer- cial policy with reference to the Im- port of manufactured products and the export of raw material. Finally, in- dastrialists are urged to substitute co- operative action for a' policy exagger- ated protectionism. Guelph, Ona—Canadians aro now the greatest individual consumers of eggs in the world, according to the Minister of A,griculture, speaking here. The per .capita, consumption of eggs in Canada has risen from 16 dozen to 28 dozen since grading was inteoduoes1.1 Canada consumes 99 per cent. of its own egg production, HOW MANY STARS? • OH, JUST 30 BILLION Astronomers Decide Them Are That Many, Counting. Ones Telescope Can't See. wasliington—There are $t billion. stars, Count them, 30,000,000,001 Dnoi C. G. Abbot, acting secretary of the Smithsonian. DIStitute, who makes the/ Statement, has not oounted them at himself, but he thinks this is Use right; number, and that when mod.ern estrous' oray makes this' estimate it le correct —that is, within a few 'bailor). or so. Measuring the stars, it seems, cans not fie done by counting them on the. fingers, Elaborate equipment is need- ed,. The starsare divided into magnt tele of brightnessand then selected areae are photographed, by processes which record stars 1,000,000 times fainter than the unaided eye oan see. The astronomers select "likely" areas in the sky and count the stars that may be circling around loose in such sample eaglets% Oddly enough, it is found froan these counts that a de- finite relationship exists bedveen the ratio of increase in the number of stars and their magnitudes, and that this ratio of increase tapers oft toward zero as the stare grow fainter. Astronomers assume that the same relationship holds good for stars be- yond what the telescope can see. Under these assumptions it is possible to work out a tidy little problem in mathematios. The answer is 30,000,- 001000. British Migration to Canada. The Dominion. Minister of Mimi - grant= and Colonizations Mr. Parke, has gone to England to look over tbs possibilities of bringing more British settlers to Canada. He migrated himself .forty-five years ago from a Berwickshire village to farm under homestead conditions in Manitoba. The stream of migration steadily in- crease in the early years of this cen- tury, until new citizens were pour- ing into Canada at the rate of 300,- 000 a year prior to the outbreak of war in Europa With the economic recovery ,of Canada in recent years, following the severe deflationafter the war, the influx of settlers is growing again; and more care ie be- ing taken to help willing workers to obtain homes in the agricultural communities. One attractive plan is being car: eied out in co-operation vflAh the British Empire Settlement Board, for the placing of 3,000 British fam. ilies on land which is owned by the Government of Canada. Agencies of the Canadian department in Great Britain and Northern Ireland are authorized to consider applications. The qualified British families are moved to Canada at greatly reduced transportation charges. They are placed on prepared farms. Loans for the purchase of cattle and implements are granted on very reasonable terms. No payment of interest is required of the family settlers ' during the first year. The land contracts and the repayment of advances run for twenty-five years. The farm opera- tions of the settlers are supervised by a field staff under the direction ef the land settlement branch of the department. • Lord Clarendon's report, issued after he had toured Canada last year as chairman of the British Empire Setlement Board, contained some in- spiring stories of plucky effort on the part of British migrants, with little or no previous experience in farming. A few instances were reported also of families w0thdrawing from the scheme dissatisfied. In one case, the settler's wife protested that the sound of frogs disturbed her through the night: so the department helped the family to move to Montreal, where the bread- winner secured employment as a tailor—sufficiently remote from the fluting of the frogs to restore domes- tic harmony. Among other settlement activities, the training of young men in agri- cultural schools is being carried out in co-operation with the Canadian Provinces. Settlers from the United States are assisted by advice and transportation by motor car in in- specting and selecting farms for pur- ehase from private owners, It is Canada's experience that American settlers and migrants from Scandi- navia and other northern countries, as well as British farm workers, adapt themselves readily to Canadian conditions. The effort being made is commendable.— Editorial in C. S. Menials. The Trade Mputes London Nation and Athenaeum: Whnt could be more misplaced and perverse than this preoccupation with the legal prohibition at general etrikes. What mere ludicrous ex- ample could we have of guarding against unreal dangers at the ex- pose of increasing dangers that are very teal indeed? It may be an exaggeration te say that lust year's experience maYks the death and bur- ial •of the general strike idea, But surely nothing is more certain than that, if we see another general ptrike, it will be a very different affair from 'the last. It's always comforting to know that °them have troubles too. Lucky that flaming youth is soldont more,than a flare up. "What .do yea think of evolution: • "Don't fancy the idea; it's too alow"