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HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1927-03-17, Page 6WINTER POULTRY DISEASES Sanitary Measures During. Cold Weather, BY GEORGE H. CONN. Winter months bring a certain type 'of poultry dfseases that the owner has come to dread. Since this class of diseases is the result of two peincipal eauses—errors in feeding and in hous- ing --there is no reason why they can not be kept under control and be pre- vented in most flocks. 'a The type of house in which the binds are kept, as well as the ma - ferias with which they must be fed', will largely determine just how great a task this will be. If feed is pur- chased, the feed question will not be of much concern, for it is not often that one can not get a good supply of the most desirable kinds of feeds for his flock. Poultry can hardly be kept healthy and in the best possible condition when housed in a damp, dark build- ing, or one that is improperly ventil- ated. Neither will poultry do well if crowded. .Many poultry keepers will tell you that overcrowding is one of the most common mistakes made in handling the flock. Improper feeding is the other prin- cipal rinci.pal reason that many flocks develop winter diseases. There is some diffi- culty in getting green feed `during the winter months. The green feeds are needed to furnish vitamins which are so essential for healthy poultry. Min- erals are supplied largely by the high- • protein feeds, also by poultry bone, meat scraps and milk. Careful often - ' tion to supplying feeds that are rich in vitamins and minerals will go :a long way toward preventing most of the winter diseases. It should be kept in mind, though, that the other nutri- . ents (proteins and carbohydrates) are needed at all times and are just as important as the ingredients that are most likely to be deficient. COLDS AND THEIR TREATMENT. Colds are troublesome during the winter and are found most often in the younger members of the flock. If handled properly, colds should not be at all dangerous. It is of greatest importance to begin treating the colds as soon as they are noticed. Some- times one can prevent the spread of colds through the flock. There is no trouble recognizing cold's. The birde begin to sneeze and show difficulty in breathing, the bed- ding sticks to the beak and nostrils; the bird have a general appearance of unthriftiness and the combs may be pale. If the fowls are watched, they will be seen to gasp for breath; the eyes may be swelled shut. There is no oder with this condition. Po check colds look to the veptilation and dryness and warmth of the house et once. See that the feed is appetiz- ing and laxative. If lice and mites ere present, get rid of them. The windows should adMit plenty of sun- shine and the birds must have air, but no &rafts. The affected birds should ,be :removed from the flock at once and It is beet to place them in a small ("pop where they can not move about mush. If possible, supply green feed at once, as this, will be of consider- able 'jielp Give the flock a dose of Epsom salt; dissolve one pound in water and mix with the mash for 100 birds. Add as 'much potassium permanganate to each gallon of drinking water as will lie on a five -cent piece. This should be placed before the birds in glass or crockery containers, and they should not be' allowed any other drinking water. Do not place the sick birds back in the flock until they have en- tirely recovered. As a special treat- ment, the nostrils of sick birds may be washed out once or twice daily with warm water in which a small amount of peroxide of hydrogen has been, added. Baking soda may be used, one teaspoonful to one pint of water, if peroxide is not to be had. This can be put into the nostrils with a medi- cine dropper. NASAL ROM'. This trouble may be mistaken for oolde; it seems more difficult to con- trol, and follow colds that have re- ceived little or no treatment or that have been improperly treated. The flock hai about the same appearance —only the birds will be more badly affected, The mucus With which the nostrils ';xre filled becomes dry and bard, the birds breathe with diffi- culty; tho immoral nes of the mouth 1 and tongue become dry and harsh; there is odor present in the poultry- yard when this disease is established, in the clock. The same treatment applies as was recommended for colds. It should be carriedout very energetieally to get results. Be careful of the feeding and the sanitation of the building, BIRD DIPHTHERIA OR CANNBR. This disease is one of the most ser- ious of this general chaseof diseases, and is very often associated' with chicken or bird -pox By some, it is considered a form of this disease, In some flocks, the losses are very heavy and the disease is one of the hardest to control. In this disease there will be cankers in the mouth and the throat. These may be very small and: not great in numbers, or they may be very numer- oue, and so great in numbers es to practically cover the entire surface of the mouth and throat, If this yellows lel: membrane is eemeved, it discloses ,a l'aw, bleeding surface. It is not ease, Hy y removed. There is usually a very offensive •odor accompanying this dis- There may be warty growths on the slcian, aanie eye troubles, as well as a filling of the sinuses with mucus, It is possible to have this disease with- out showing much of the latter men; boned symptosis.. The birds rihow un thriaftiness, the combs are 'pale, and there is poor appetite.' There may also be bowel trouble; as well as lung trouble. There is often considerable thirst. Checking this disease calls for dras- tic sanitary measures. The houses and yards should be thoroughly clean- ed -and disinfected. The name general treatment as given for colds should be given, end the !birds that are affected should be placed by themselves. The • cankers can be treated by painting them with a- 10 per cent. solution of Win in alcohol or glycerine, or the use of a 2 per cent. solution of argyrol. A 2 per cent. solution of mercurochrome is also very good. This can be painted on with a camel's- hair brush once or twice daily. Place potassium permanganate in the drink- ing water. Give the fowls green feeds if they can be had. CHICKEN-PDX. This condition is so called because of the warty -like growths that appear on the face, comb and wattles of the affected bixdls. While it is not at all serious in every .flock, it frequently does cause very severe Iosses. It is often found to be very closely associ- ated with fowl -cholera. The characteristic symptom of this disease is the small, blister-like erup- tions which occur on the skin. They are grayish in colon, or may be white. They are small at first, but gradually enlarge and are later covered with a yellowish or black dry, wrinkled crust. When this is removed, the under sur- face is found to be a raw, bleeding surface. These may be so numerous as to almost cover the head, and in such severe cases, itis not uncomnson. to find some cankers in the mouth, and soma sore eyes. The sick birds should be removed from the flock and quarantined -at once. Each bird should be given a teaspoonful dose of Epsom salt, and the feed should be green material and milk. The affected areas should be treated with carbolized vaseline to re -1 ni.ove the scabs. Then the underlying surface should be painted once daily with tincture of iodin, using a small camel's-hair brush for this. A. 2 per cent. solution of mercurachrome may also be used. Clean and disinfect everything about the house just as soon as possible. OCULAR OR EYE ROUP. This form of roup is known by the chronic course that it runs. It is not an acute condition, passing away in a very short time. In the Latest stages of the disease, there is a very offen- sive odor in most outbreaks. This condition starts just like the other conditions that have been discussed in this article, with what appears to be 1510 a common cold. The discharge from the eyes and nostrils, in the early stages, is foamy in character, 'Later on, it becomes sticky and gluey, ce- menting the eyelids together and fill- ing the nostrils. Remove all affected birds from the flock and give them a dose of Epsom salt. See that their feed is laxative and that it contains green material.! Clean the affected parts as well as can be done with warm water in which a tablespoonful of peroxide of hydrogen has been added to each pint. A teaspoonful of baking soda to a pint of water may also be used. The affected areas should be painted with a 1 per cent. solution of argyrol once or twice daily. Or paint thein with a 2 per cent. solution of mercurochrome. The New Era in Farming. BY 0. W. PETERSON. There is scarcely a writer or pub- lic speaker who has not some time deplored the exodus from the Earns to the city. Our newspapers are full! of it, and it is popularly interpreted! as a sign of agriculture's decadence. That, however, is a superficial pression. I should feel more 'inclined to regard it as a movement following Photograph supplied by the dominion government of the Parliament buildings at Ottawa. The beautiful'- metal work to be seen on the encircling walls its among the artistic surroundings of the noble building. Wilson Publishing Company acyhtioLr AN ATTRACTIVE DRESS FOR THE JUNIOR MISS. Exceedingly smart is this chic dress suitable for all daytime wear. There is an inverted plait in each side seam to provide for the necessary skirt ful- ness, and the front is joined to side sections in an attractive manner,' while the back is in one piece. Con- trasting material may be effectively !used for the becoming round collar, i belt, and cuffs finishing the long tight- fitting sleeves. No. 151-0 is in sizes A CORNER FOR YOUNG CANADA Advice With Wings. Ori .thy bough of the pine he merrily swings, "Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" Xn the dark of the spruce this phi- losopher sings, "Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" "That stdffy old house belongs to a man Who started his fires e'er winter began, " And now he nits over them •,all that he can— Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" "Now just look at me in niy cozy gray coat, -- Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Shiny black fur at my head and my throat, Chickadee,• dee-dee-dee! Ain I not always merry though heavy the snow? Do 1 shiver and shake when the win- ter winds blow? If you listen, the answer you'll speedily know— Chickadee, : dee-dee-dee!" Come follow the lesson of this little guide, Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Your coat make your house and be happy outside, Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Your heart' will be light and your laughter ring long; You'll find that Jack Frost is a friend true and strong; I'ns sure you'll soon find yourself singing this song: "Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" stedin Bailee. Coasting. It's flying down the hill in Grand- pa's randpa's meadow, And racing with the wind so glad and 'gay. They seem to follow us, the trees and hedges, Then back we walk the steep and icy way, And oh, we strike some bumps, around the turning; We have to hold' on tight, or we night fall. It's jolly and it makes us feel to funny; - I think the humps are really best of all. the moment. Price of the book 10 cents the copy. HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS. Write your name and address plain- ly, giving number and size of such patterns as you want, Enclose 20e in stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap it carefully) for each number and address your order to Pattern Dept., Wilson Publishing Co., 73 West Ade- laide St., Tororto. Patterns sent by return mail. Particularly the Bacon Tracie. The December review of the live stock situation by the Markets Di- vision of the Dominion Live Stock Branch fe one deserving of more than ordinary attention-. It is to.same ex tent a commentary on the year's trading. . With British industry in more of 'a settled state than it, had been for many months the hope is expressed of an improved export trade. . The most significant remarks are 8, 10, 12 and 14 years. -Size 10 years!regardimg the bacon market. The l requires 2% yards 36 -inch material,' supply of hogs, the review says, was Lor 23 yards 54 -inch, and yr yard con -!short .of requirements and producers trasting. Price 20 cents the pattern. consequently found 'the outlet. most The secret of distinctive dress lies , remunerative. No very material in- in good taste ritther than a lavish ex- creasein production is in sight, out- penditure. of money. Every woman lines the review, and it is hoped that should want to make her own clothes, ! the Canadian producer will see to it and the house dressmaker will and the • that supplies are brought back to designs illustrated in our new Fashion! more liberal volume, with the strict Book to be practical and simple, yet; provision that there is a very'nrarked maintaining the spirit of the mode of :increase in the volume and percen a natural law. There was a time when each individual farm produced ittle more than sufficient to main- tain tho family living .on it. The great majority of `peop�le then lived on farms, In some hatkward coun- tries they still do. Then came the era of labor-saving machinery, chief- ly brought about by the opening up of vast agricultural areas in new countries where such devices could profitably be employed on account of the high rate of wages. The calcula- tion now is, that a farmer in 1924 can produce twelve tines as much as the :farmer of 1824. Canada has profited vastly by this. new era in agriculture. Her exports have increased by leaps and bounds in sympathy with the easy exploita- tion of her wonderful agricultural resources: Her greatest' need now is more, and yetmore, fanners to help catty her enormous war "burden and snake' the industrial areas of the country work overtime. There .lies the solution of the perennial unem- ployment problem. Greeks' and Turks used the seeds of horse chestnuts for curing gland; err 'and other, ailments of horses; hetet/ the menti, .... t- age of select stock. The reason for this advice is felledfelledin the statement that countries in Europe other than Denmark ate developing a bacon trade with Great Britain and are im- proving the quality along with the volume. The comments in the review of the bacon trade closed with •the following sentence, which well Merits extra con- sidenationt "Our place in the British market can only be maintained on the basis of steady supply of good dimensions, but along with thie the product must be of an increasingly improved quality so that we may sue- cessfully hold our own against the improving quality of the competitive product."92 In 16 the supply of select bacon hogs increased in Alberta and Mani- toba but showed a falling away in Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan, the tattle for the whole of Canada in 1926.being .144,609 and in 1925, 164,581. Different. A doctor's little daughter, who, though ailing, •cdntinued cheerful, said to a visitor: "I'"I'ma hundred to -clay." "But last Week you told me you were only four." "Oh; yes," she replied, "but that was birthdays—this is tens pachoors."' The modern girl is all right, says a woman lecturer. Of course she is. i She always has been. • tie=ttatittitit atrocity Ttritlsli'troeps test out now gas nut sith ft-iretheir clopaa'ture favi' t"h:nai.'.Che let i)ovona;liire Regiment, stationed at liiackdowe, l+:nel:gni, were preparing for their departure, and the new gag mask aia:i helmetwere issued, for skerVi le. GAiDENHINiB How to PIan and Lay Out a l Flower Bed -- Watch the Perennials just Now. Although many people claim that they have not the time necessary to grow flowers;,in the majority of oaBes this is not an exouse at all. These pen- pleberlieve that the production of sale- mer blot:due requires endlee's ears%, planning and expense, but realty the matter is very simple. Even right out in the country, Where running water le not always available • and• the men folk are usually too busy to bother, a flower 'bed is quite possible. But it is well to think out the thing first, es -1 pedally where water and labor R are going to be limited, The best way to start is to procure a good seed rata- Logue or bulletin from the nearest branch of the Department of Agnelli -,tore. ' In this you will find lists ()ay flowers under various headings.Youl will find a list that will do well 1E! shade, another that requires plenty of) 1- sun, small flowe'IS for the front of the bed andedging, tall sorts for the backi and trailing and .climbing flowers• for; epecial purposes, The preparation of, the bed is not difficult, spade it wells and if you oars work in some well rot -i ted manure so much the better. TolI get away from that common, artifloial& appearance, avoid Weight rows at all oasts, planting your flowers in groups) with the taller sorts generally towards the back. If at all possible make a' wavy edge along the front and if your, flowers aro being planted in front of the house, make the bed`wider at the Corners and in front of the windows.' A braveh s o in •r � g from early summer until, frost can be made with very few varieties. Early in the spring, even before the last snow fall has melted, you can sow California Popies, toward the front, Bachelor's Buttons, farther back, and Cosmos right against the house or fence. A ilttle later put soiree Alyssum or other edging plants along the front, a few clumps of N'astur- thinas, Zinnias about the centre, with a few Petunias, raised from seed in-. doors, set here and there throughout the hed about the first of June. if the dying bloom is kept removed off this bed it will flower from early June until October, will stand a lot of drought and neglect and will prove an attraction on which the weary eye will delight to dwell. Keep Plants Covered. This is the hardest season of the year on perennial plants. Just now when the sun is mounting higher And becoming warmer climbers and shrub- bery on the south side of the house particularly are liable to start bring+ iug.sa.p up from the soots. After sun down there is an abrupt drop in tem- perature, and this sap may freeze and. burst_ the tiny cells inside the stems.' This damage is not noticed until later on 'hen but weakly sprouts are sent' • out or perhaps- none at all, On the shady side of the house there. Is less danger but it is well in every case to make sure that roses, ivy, and shrub- bery are well eovered around the roots, The perennial border, too, may need some attention in this connec- tion. Straw, old flower stocks, leaves' and snow make the best cover. Poultry Manure for Gardens, Poultry' manure should not be wasted, for it is one of the beet of organic fertilizers. With quantities of this material available there is lit- tle need for using commercial fertile' Jeers. It is rapid acting and is rich in nitrogen. It is also easily applied:! Care should be used in distributing. poultry manure. Because of `its high concentration it should not be used in Iarge applications and should not come into direct contact with the plants. .Light applications, well scattered, are most desirable.-- This is especially true with root crops, to- matoes and similar vegetables which sometimes develop excessive •f foliage when much poultry manure is used. With leafy vegetables greater quan- tities can be used, but here, too, ap,. plications should be made with eau - The manure should be stored in a dry place. When stored under damp Conditions -it soon loses much of its fertilising value, The use of sandy dust or coal ashes on the droppings boards aids in keeping the manure dry.—,C. W. R. Alternate Males. Many farmers keep but one breed- ing pen of frons ten to twenty-five fe- males. Often they try to get along' with one resale in the pen, only to dis- sever when the hatching season is half over that • the eggs are not so fertile as they should be. The use of ,alternate males in the breading pen eliminates this. in large part that is, having two males for each pen of twelve to twenty -live females. Allow one male to run with the peri a couple of days, while the other is confined in an elevatedcoop in the some house. At the end of the two days, change the mals. Alternating ; males two or three times a week will: overcome the trouble of either male . practicing selective -mating aired fere tilizing only the eggs ,from a few fe- males. Trouble from fighting is also eliminated. 'Venice stands on 117 all islands, among which, winding through the city, are 150 canals, spanned hero and there by 380 bridges, ' • !'Ols, ,just; 'conmedy pal.:," was tbse re i'le. 1