HomeMy WebLinkAboutZurich Herald, 1927-03-03, Page 2FARM MANURE MS A VALUE,
IT 5 PART OF YOUR CAPITAL
CHEMISTRY DEPT,, O.A.C.
The care given to the farm manure
is very important. The greater part
of the nitrogen etch potash are found
in tho urine, consequently, if the liquid
is lost or the manure leached with
water and the leachings allowed to
drain away, serious lee's of nitrogen
and potash will occur. Again, the
nitrogen of the urine is largely in the
form •of urea, a compound that is
speediry changed by fermentation into
ammonium carbonate. This compound
• is 'readily broken up with liberation of
ammonia, which being volatile may be
lost, This loss of nitrogen •oeeurs
'svhiie the manure is still in the stable
and the best way to dimduieh the loss
ins by the liberal use of a bedding that
will absorb all the liquid.
DECOMPOSITION I5 RAPID.
Farmyard manure readily under-
goes decomposition; the nature of the
product formed depends on the am-
ount of air admitted or excluded. If
the manure is thrown loosely into a
heap it becomes very hot and rapidly
wastes. The organic matter in this
case is virtually burned, or is "fire -
fanged" as it is commonly spoken of,
and the ammonia is one of the pro-
ducts lost. If, on the other 'hand, the
manure is consolidated and kept thor-
oughly moist so that tale is 'excluded,
the mass ferments with but little rine
in temperature, and some nitrogen gas
is volatilized. The loss of organic ma-
terial will be fax less with this kind
of fermentation than in the previous
one, but in both cases nitrogen is given
of from the manure. Experience
proves that there is less waste of ma-
nurial constituents when the manure
is preserved in a box stall or pen.
Undoubtedly, especially on heavy
lands, the best returns from the ma-
nure Can be got when it is put on the
land and at once plowed dna. The losses
that are inevitable when the manure
is stored would be prevented end a
greater amount of organic mutter
added to the soil Naturally, this is
not always possible, but when the
manure must he kept it should be
made without delay into a solid heap
or mass and' must not be allowed to
become too dry. The practice is eome-
times followed of drawing manure to
the field 'during the winter months as
fast as it is made. Provided the land
is not too 'hilly or too clayey, this will
give good results. It is evident, how-
ever, that this method does not pre-.
vent lenses, but is recommended tes
economize later. When the manure is
drawn to a field and put in a big heap
care should be takers to make the heap
es firm as possible.
From what has been said it is evi-
dent that there wiil be heavy losses of
plant food during the storage of ma-
nure. Lyon and Buckman in their
book on Nature and Properties of
Soils say, "Considering the losses
which the food sustains during diges'-
titm and the waste of the manure in
handling and storage, it cannot be
expected that more than 25 per cent.
of the organic matter, 30 per cent of
the nitrogen, 50 per cent. of the phos-
phoric acid, and 30 per cent. of the
potash of the original crop will reach
the land in the manure."
It is evident, considering all the fac-
tors effecting the composition of ma-
nure as it reaches the field that it is
impossible to give an accurate state-
ment of the amount of plant -food an
stable manure. The nitrogen will vary'
between .45 and .65 per cent., or even
higher if produced by highly fed ani-
mals. The amount of potash will Crary
from .4 to .8 per Dent., and the phos- (
phorio acid from .2 to .4 per cent.'
Thus one ton of farm yard manure
may contain from 9 to 13 or 14 pounds •
of nitrogen, 8 to 16 pounds of potash, f
and 4 to 8 pounds of phosphoric acid!
An approximate figure that can be
easily remembered is that one ton al
manure contains 10 pounds of nitro'
gen, five pounds of phosphoric acrd'
and 10 pounds of potash.
NECESSARY TO EFFICIENT FARMING.
Experience shows that no manure
can quite take the place of the farm-
yard manure. It is what may be
spoken of as the natural return to the
soil of the constituents taken from it.I
All other substances are in a sense
supplements, materials ,added to snake
good some special deficiency in the
soil, or to supply some plante
food con-
stituent particularly required by the
crop to be grown. Hence, the care
and treatment of the farmyard ,ma-
nure is fundamental in all good agri-
culture.
If you are interested in Soils and
Fertilizers the Dept. of Agriculture
will be glad to send you Bulletin 322,
as prepared by the Chemistry Dept.
of the O.A.C.
Vegetable Growing in the
Far North.
The reports of the experimentalists
in charge of the Dominion sub -stations
in the fax north, just published eel
Ottawa, are of special interest as
showing the possibilities of agriculture
in that region. Three varieties of
radish sown at Fort Vermilion, Alta.,
on April 30 were ready for use early
in June. Long White Icicle sown June i
6 were ready June 18. They were ex-
cellent quality and remained in use
until late autumn. Cauliflower is usu-
ally a good crop. It is sown under
glass about April 24, is transplanted
a month later and ready for use in an-
other month.
Cabbage and Brussels sprouts were
treated the same way about the same
time and were harvested in September.
Tomatoes sown in hot beds April 27
and transplanted June 1 were harvest-
ed between August 5 and 18. Earliest
of All yielded 105 pounds large in size
and of good quality. Bonny Best, Dan-
ish Expert, and Earliana were also of
good quality. Garden peas sown May
5 were 'available July 4: Twelve var-
ieties of beans sown May 6 were gen-
erally ready a few days after the mid-
dle of July. All are reported good and
tender only one variety being some-
what stringy. Eleven varieties of
broad beans sown May 6 and harvest-
ed from July 1 to 5 were ready for
table use August 4 and all of good
quality. Onions suffered from the root
maggot but the returns of four var-
ieties were good and of two other var-
ieties fair. Sown May 1 to 4, they
were generally ready for use around
the middle of June. Celery, rhubarb,
pumpkins, cucumbers and potatoes all
did well. Three varieties of table corn
sewn July 7 were ready from August
12 to 14 and ran from 34 to 42 inches
in height. Howes Alberta Flint was
the most prolific.
How a Heal of Ayrshire
Improved.
An illustration of what can be ac-
complished in building up a dairy herd
Is provided in the experience of the
Experimental Station at Ste. Anne de
la Pocatiere, Que, In 1921 the aver -1
age production of the milk herd was
9,492 lbs. of milk, containing 250.22
Ibis. of fat. In 1925 it had increased
to 9,754 lbs. of milk, containing almost
500 Ilse. of fat.
The increasing average prodduction'
is due, for the most part, to the ob-
servance of fundamental principles of
management, which are good feeding
for the twelve months of the year;
regularity in the hours of milking and
feeding; the keeping of milk, fat and
feed record's; gradual elimination of
the poor cows stud the replacement of
the latter either through the rearing
of heifers from record sires and dams
or through purchase at an opportune
time.
Mr. Ste. Maxie the Superintendent
of the Station states in his report that
the logical Way to get rid of scrub cows
ie to weigh and test their produce,.
keep records and turn them out,
Rape, Kale and Cabbage
for Pasture.
Rape, kale and some varieties of
cabbage make excellent pastere for
sheep, swine and •cattle, being par-
ticularly valuable for young cattle
and fattening steers. Grown in poul-
try runs, they make a satisfactory
free-range food for most kinds of
poultry. They occupy a 'permanent
place in the regular farm rotation in
many European countries. They are,
however, not yet utilized in Canada to
the extent that their value warrants
and in order to bring them to the at-
tention of farmers the Dominion Ex-
perimental Farms Branch has recently
issued a pamphlet entitled "Fleshy
Annual Pastures" giving information
concerning these crops in the hope of
bringing about their more general use.
These fleshy annual pastures thrive
under a great vaa_iety of climate and
soil conditions, and they yield surpris-
ingly well even where the summer
rainfall is light. New land may be
used toadvantege for growing them,
and on muck soils they are frequently
more profitable than any other forage
crop. The pamphlet, which may be
obtained from - the Publications
Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa,
gives general information on the culti-
vation ,of these crops and the uses to
which they may be put.
a..
HomemadeGoodies for
Recess Nibbling.
Sunday afternoonseand one evening
every week through the winter we
parch corn at our house ,for the chil-
dren to take to sbheol for recess. Drip-
pings are heated in an iron pot and in
this the field cern is parched and salt-
ed. The children wouldelo more thine
of starting off to school without this
treat than going without their books
or lunch pail. From the •articles they
bring home "in trade" .from other
pupils who covet their corn it evident-
ly appeals to all youngsters alike.
Dried' sweet corn and crab apples
dried with the peeling on are two
other things I prepare each fall in
goodly iuentities fax recess. Even the
big boy of the household always takes
a pocketful to "nibble at" when ho
goes on a trip from horne..
These three delicacies have come
clown in my :familythrough three gen-
erations. They originated before we
knew about calories and "an apple a
day," but the general health of my
four makes me feel that such knick-
knacks" fit right in with the scientific
thought of to -day. I know these
things are ear more healthful than
the candy and cakes consumed by
other children at the play periods, for
which my youngsters have but little
appetite.—Mrs. B. P.
Lime can be supplied, where oyster-
shell is mane, by feeding cut clover
hay es a green, -feed; substitute, scalds
ed and mixed in the mash. A. piece of
lime about the size of a walnut can be
kept in the drinking -vessel. Green
bone, cut tip to the fowls can eat it,
furnishes considerable ]lire.
I these Baby Beef,
days, with the markt de-
mond for light or handyweigl>tt cattle
from which the high-class small cuts
are obtained, the production of baby
beef is important and real high qual-
ity baby beeves usually sell at or neer
the top of the market. A few years
back an effort was made to put this
class of cattle on, the market ataround
fourteen or fifteen months of age,
some going forward even younger
than that, Butchers and abattoir men
now claim that the beef .does not attain
its best flavor until the animal is
seventeen or eighteen months of age.
It is a well-known feet that there is a
stage in the 'animal's life between the
veal weight and the beef weight dur-
ing which it does not make very gads -
factory 'meat, being rather tough and
stringy and lacking flavor, so that it is
important that cattle finished for baby
beef carry not only the best possible
beef type and finish but that they have
reached the right age to insure good
flavor.
Of course, the best quality of baby
beef is made; from well-bred cattle that
have been allowed to nurse their dams.
Mose feedens believe that whole milk is
necessary in the production -of baby
beef, and, undoubtedly the highest
quality product is obtained front cattle
which nurse until at least nine or ten
months old. Experiments at the O.
A.C. have proven that under average
onditions with good grade cows rea-
sonable profits may bemade front the
raising of baby beef where the °elves
suck the cows. In eddition ' to• the
whole milk, as soon as the calves will
eat it, goad alfalfa hay, pulped roots,
silage and, while the calf is young,
whole or rolled oats to whieh a little
oilcake has been added, and latter dur-
ing the finishing period a mixture of
barley and outs or corn and oat* are.
amongst the best feeds to be used. In
all steer feeding it is well to remember
that around a pound of good alfalfa
hay per 100 pounds live weight and
an average of one-half pound of grain
per 100 pounds live weight during the
feeding period generally brings good
results. Usually the feeder starts with
a smaller proporbion of grain than
that mentioned, gradually increases
until the middle of the periodwhen the
andirndal gets the rate mentioned, while
at the end of the period he may be
getting nearly a pound of grain per
100 pounds live weight per day. In
the handling of baby beeves, it is well
not to let them out on grass unless it
be in paddocks and only at night. All
young cattle, particularly calves, that
are being pushed for rapid gains, do
better kept in partially darkened box
stalls during the day throughout the
summer. It is wise, however, to • let
such cattle have some outdoor exercise
bath winter and summer. An a in
the open yard on fine days. anv�ter
and spending the nights in titre pads
docks during summer makes for.great-
er vigor and bigger returns. -
Garage Hog Troughs.
We make most of our hog troughs
from steel oil barrels which we pur-
chase from the local garages and oil
stations at a very reasonable price.
We cut the barrels around the cir-
cumference with a cold chisel about
ten inches from thce top. Then both
cut edges are turned and hammered
down, making a rolled edge. Thus we
have a barrel which can be used for
mixing slop feed and for the trough.
They are a lot stronger and more
durably than most anything one can
buy ready-made; a great deal cheaper.
when figured on the purchasing price,
and quite as serviceable too.—J. F. N.
Most of the people who live to be
centenarians are light in weight.
Independence Comes With
a Garden, WINTER SPORTS S FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
There are few people who realize
the value of a garden, because those
that have them have never had to buy
the things that come from them. A.
prominent banker recently said, "I
did not realise the true worth of my
garden until I lost it in the dnrouth
last spring. I am sure that a goad
garden will reduce my living' expenses
75 per cent."
Farmers think they are too busy to
have e, garden. The result is that not
more than 40 per cent of the rural
people have igerdene and they are
planted only in the spring.
A good garden is something any-
body can have regardless of conditions.
Vegetables build strong muscles and
bones in growing children. They fill
their little bodies with blood that is
rich in iron and other things needed
for the growing child. The brain will
be well developed and energy will be
plentiful. A few •dollars a year in
good seed, e few hours a week in hon-
est labor will feed the family while the
garden is growing and will provide a
surplus for canning and storage der-
ing the winter.
Corn Husking.
In 1916 a co-operative experiment
was started in the testing of varieties
of cern recommended by the Ontario
Corn Growers Association, for Ontario
conditions. The tests averaged 59 per
year over the period of nine years.
The yields were as follows: Golden
Glow, 63.8 bushels; White Cap Yellow
Dent, 59.5 bushels per acre; Bailey,
58.7 bushels; Wisconsin No. 7, 58.5
bushels; Salter's North Dakota, 55.3
bushels; Longfellow, 53:0 bushels; and
Oomptons Early, 51.4 bushels peracre.
The four highest yielders were dent
corn, and the three lowest were flint.
In addition to the seven varieties men
tioned, the Gold Nugget variety of
flint corn has been used in the co-
operative experiments for a number
of years. In yield of grain per acre
this variety ranked .second in 1923
and sixth in 1922.
Feed the Birds.
Thousands of birds die each winter
and spring of starvation and exposure.
Yet all of these birds are insect de-
stroyers and therefore of inestimable
value to the farmer, the orchardist
and gardener. They deserve to be fed
and should be protected by every pos-
sible means. Granted that they do steal
some fruit and grain, but their bene-
ficent services, as a rule, exceed their
depredations. Let everyone help to
prevent the ruthless destruction of
birds -and see that they are fed and
protected in winter -during times of
storm sand stress. They -will richly
repay our ministrations.
A dollar an acre is all it costs an
Iowa farmer for fertilizer. His fertil-
izer is sweet clover, and on :ground
where sweet clover has been grown he
increases his corn yield by as much as
25 per cent. One of his fields yielded
75 bushels of corn to the acre last
year. He does not let sweet clover
run into two full seasons, but plows
it under green either in the first fall
or the following spring. • Every spring
Ile buys quite a bit of clover seed and
seeds it in small grain.—Y. B.
The test of civilization is the esti-
mate of woman. Among savages she
is a slave. In the dark ages of Chris-
tendom she is a toy and a sentimental
goddess. With increasing moral light,
and larger liberty, and more universal
justice, she begins to develop as an
equal hurn'an being,—Curtis.
SKIING SONt,'•
There's an inch of.: crust on 'a foot
of snow;
Put on your skis, COMO on .let's go!
You may Abe fine in a football line
Or any old a sport you're trying,
But come on out with your skis, old
scout,
Let's see if you're .good';at flying!
You can try your ektill on a half -mile
hill
With a ten -foot drop at the bottom;
If you take that dip with your sk'its—
ka-zip !
You're there if you still have got
ern 1
Oh rnany''s the bump as you learn to
jump
And many's the drift you'll stick in;
But do your ,stuff—though the sport
is rough,
It's one that you'll find a kick an.
It's a bully test' of the pep and zest
Of a Regular Human Being;
Are you there with nerve and with
vim and verve?
Well, you'll need all you've got, for
skiing!
There's an inch of crust on a foot of
snow;
Put on your elcis, come on -let's GO!
A SNOW TOTEM POLE.
Of courseyou fellows have seen the
totem poles of Indians—.sembols of
families and clans—or pictures of the
poles, at least. And some of you who
are Boy Scouts have attempted to
make totem pole models. A well de-
signed, brightly colored prole is a
novelty worth having on one's home
grounds, but it is no small job to make
one.
A snow totem pole, on the other
hand, isn't so difficult.
A tree in the front yards clearly
visible from the road, is the place for
the model.
To start a totem pole, plaster the
tree trunk with snow from the ground
as high as you wish bo have the Pole.
Then roll a number of snowballs of
assorted sizes, from twelve to eighteen
inches, and cement then into the snow
foundation, with enough snow below
them to support the weight.
With several balls or blocks in place,
decide on what figures they are to be,
and starrth the modeling. A garden
,trowel, a stick and a knife are ,good
modeling tools. The blocks will have
.to be cut 'away in places, hollowed
out Int flattened, and built up ix' other
places with sticks and tree branches
for re-enfeecments.
Byintrodu oddsand there
ting d . ,
is no limit to 'possibilities. Chunks of
.coal, tin cams, orange skins, harness
ringsr .
and mars, things at hand can be
pressed into the snow to foam eyes
and ears. An elephant's trunk is ease
sly shaped around a branch embedded
in the snow block. -
And when all the carving bus been'
done, you can obtain quite 'startling
effects by adding color, Probably you
Would not think such a thing possible; -
but it can be done successfully with
calcimines. Of eourrse colors cause
snow to melt to a certain extent, but
you need not apply them until after
the totem pole has had a good chance
to freeze solid. -
TEN -CENT LIFE INSURANCE.
Buy two awls, such as you can find'
in any hardware store. Connect them.
by a strong string. Place one in al
pocket on one sideand the other in gal
pocket on the other side, so that there,
will be one within easy reach of each
hand
If you fall through the ice, take an,
awl an etch hand. Stick the points
into the ice end pull yourself up, as
an animal does by using its claws. By
placing one hand ahead of the other
you may be able to "walk" yourself
onto firm ice. If the ice continues to:
break as you place your weight upon
it, use the awls as ice picks and break
a path toward solid ice or toward the
shore. -
Those who have broken through the
ice into water too weep to stand in
know how the hands slip' on the edges
of the ice when an attempt is made to
crawl out, and how the wet clothing,
the weight of the skates and the cur-
rent drag one clown,
In Norway, where the device made
of the two lawls and the piece of string
is said to have been invented, they call
it the ten -cent life insurance. policy.'
A boy was asked, after crawling out
of the water with this device, how he
came to fall dn. He replied, "I didn't
come to fall in, but I came prepared
to crawl out if I did fall in?'
WHY THE CAKE FELL
Practical Suggestions for Careless Cooks.
BY P. B. PRIOR.
"I used the cake recipe you gave
me, but my cake isn't Pike yours.
Yours was so light arid moist, but
mine was dense and dry."
How often we hear complaints of.
this nature from those who are given
recipes which, though perfectly cal-
culated, have failed to give satisfac-
tion.
I wonder how often we vary the,
ingredients listed in a recipe, "just a
little" to save ourselves time and
trouble on baking day. Only an ex-
pert cook should try to db this and
even then it is not always cafe.
All standard recipes call for a level,
measurement. If you round your tea-
spoon with baking powder or soda you
have really almost two teaspoonfuls
and this ehange may ruin your pro-
duct.
A well -packed cup of flour equals
almost two cups of sifted flour. A cup
simply dipped in the' flour bin, but not
packed well equals a cup and a half
of the sifted kind. And modern re -
THE CANADIAN HOMEMAKER
I. series y° _weekly artic4s -
coverifJ
PLANNING . BUILDING FINANCING
DECORATING .:ruRNISHING . GARDENING
Copyry4't 'rang.
1
Important Operations in Indoor and
1. If hot beds are to be of any use
to raise plants fax setting cut early
or crops for use, it is nowtime that the
frames were put in order and the man-
ure obtained. Generally about the last
half of the month- is the proper trine
to make the bed, but as the manure
must be turned three or four tunes it
must bo obtained earlier.
2. If the manure necessary for your
garden and lawns has not been pro-
cured, obtain it at once so thatrit may
be spread before the frostleaves the
ground. Avoid the displeasure of hav-
ing the lawn and other areas cut up
later in the spring.
3. Melons and Cucumbers for forc-
ing in the greenhouse should nwir be
started from seeds. Sow a few seeds
to each pot and later thin out, leaving
only the strongest. By early April the
pante should be ready to plant in pre-
pared mounts in the' greenhouse
benobes. The Cucumbers, if growing
cortllCiors are right, should be ready
t
to cut in seven weeks and the melons
three or four weeks later,.
4: Take the cuttings which, have
been Dreamed by the Dahlia tubers
started kat month and insert them in
the Propagating bench in the green-
house, or if in the window in pits of
sand and cover them in th-e latter case
With glass sealers.
5. There are many valuable bedding
By Henry J, Moore, C.M.H.
plants which should be started during.
late. March. Seeds of the following
should now be sown indoors: Balsam,
Coleus, Pinks or Dianthus, Marigold,
Mignonette, Pentstemon, Snapdragon,
also Petunia and Verbena, if not sown
last month. These when later pricked
ol'f (translriantea) into flats and finally
Planted out will flower considerably
earlier than annuals sown directly out.
tlo. ors.
6. Ifat all possible in early locali-
ties light soil areas in sunny sheltered
position's should toward 'the end et the
month be dug oven to receive during
April, early Peas and Potatoes. For
the very early crops a southern slope
is best. Positions for such crops
should in all cases Ise well drained.
1 li bed may now e
7. 'Upon the of e Y b
sown Carrots for early use. Radishes
and Lettuce. in a compartment of the
hot bed may also be sown ananals of
n an kinds. it is safe to row the seeds
r y
of all crops when thee heat of the bed
declines to 82 degrees le '
8. The pruning of Apples Pears,
Peaches, Plasms, Quinces, Grapes, Cur-
rants and Gooseberries should now r'e-
neive your attention. Tho dead
growths shottld be removed from Rasp-
berries
berries and the living ones be thinned
out, leaving the strong •one's, spaced
about six inches apart. These should
then be shortened to a height of about
Outdoor
Gardens
four feet from the ground.
9. The posts which support your
Grape vines and the wires may need
respectively to be replaced or be re-
paired. See to this now. Then train
at once the vines to' the wires. Next
month or during early May the new
growth will preclude the possibility of
this being crone.
10. Early Sweet Peas may be pro-
duced ' by sowing the seeds in the
greenhouse or on the hot beet in hots
and later planting them out, soil and
toots intact, where to flower.. light
or. nine seeds will su<fflce`for each five
inch pot o•r other containers ofabout
this size. '
11. Tho so-called Teo Week Stock
should now 18 sown In pots or pans in
porous, wolf sifted soil. These plants
des not require a tempera ure .higher
her g
than 55 degrees or so to favor sturdy
dovelophi•ent. Start' the planes now
either• in the window, greenhouse" or
hot. bed mid later you will enjoy an
early display of this :very beaiutitui
dower.
12. Seeds of the Tuberous Begonia,
iE sown now will produce plants to
flower in pots during autumn in the
window or green house, 01d tubers
should at this time also °be started in.
to growth in boxes of light 9 t 1 •soar .
ous soil
fax later potting or for planting in
shady positions outdoors,
•
cipes call for sifted flour! So if you
would 'have your cooking a success, use
level measurements and -sift your flour
at least once for nveasuiing.
TOOLS ARE IMPORTANT.
What kind of utensils de you use
with which to measure? Do y>ou use
teacups, coffee cups, or measuring
cups? Try this test: Fill a teacup'
with water and then pour the water
into a measuring cup. You will fund
the latter is • only about three-quarters
filed. Do the same thing with a cafes`
fee cup. You have enough water to
fill the meatsuaing eup and more!
°If the recipe you are using calls for
one-half cup of milk and you have
used a teacup to measure the milk,,
how do you know when you have
exactly !half a. cup? A cup that ape
pears to be .half full would probably,
not be, since the bottom Le smaller
'than the top.
A graduated measuring cup that
holds exactly one-half pint of liquid
would do away with eny lack of ac-
curacy. The most useful, kind to buy,
is that which is divided into thirds
and fourths. These maybe bought in
bin, 'aluminumor glass.
Measuring 'spoons can be purchased
in sets of three—a -easure for one-
half, one-fourth and one teaspoon.
Then, if you have a standard' table-
spoon—not a dlesssrt spoon, which is
one-third mailer than a bablespoonn—
and if you know that three teaspoons
equal one tablespoon, sixteen table-
spoons equal one cup and two cups
equal one pint, you nave a set of
measures that will guard you against
cooking failures due to inaccurate
measures.
WEIGII INGREDIENTS.
For cooking in large quantities, it its
better to weigh ingredients rather .
than to trust to measures of volumes.
Reliable scales can be bought from
any dealer in kitchen goods. Scales
should always be in balance. Each;
kind is regulated in its own way which,
the housewife should have her dealer;
show her ,at the time of purchase.
"But," 1 hear you say, "I know
many, old cooks, excellent cooks at
that, who never . used any of these
standardized articles for "'nueasering.".
Of courser Onlyr tliey do really
y.
measure very easefully. in 'spite of the
fact that they tell you . that they use
"about one-half cup of milk." They
have measured the "about ,one-half
cup;' so long in whatever'uterail they
use that they aresure of the amount.
They have ,clevcloped a sense of men -
sures which they know they can trust
--and sometimes that sense fails!
Standardized manning equipment
eliminates the uncertainty of the re-
sult of your recipe, llXeasure carefully
and your chanees of success will ,be by
fax the greeter.
Buried citieswhich are being un
covered in India prove that there was
as mighty empire in, tfhat country 2,5"00
year ago. These cities had been bnIft
on top of else anothate