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The Herald, 1904-01-22, Page 4The. 171erald. THE iIziRALE, IS PUBLisilzD EVERTTIUESEAT EVENING. BY E. ZELLER 'ER/AS OF SSU'BSCR1PTION:--$1.00 per year paid strictly in advance, When the paper is not ordered to be discontinued it will be sent until such order is given and .arrearage$ paid, $1.50 to be charged when not paid in advance. ADVERTISING RATES.—Tran s ie nt Advertisements, 1.0 cents per Brevier line f9r first insertion and•5 cents per line for Ruh subsequent insertion. Small. Advs. eaeh as' 'Lost" "Estray" or '`Stolen will be charged 50 cents first insertion and 25 cents for eaeh subsequent insertion. Copy for change of -advertisement must be handed in not later Baan Tuesday night of each week to insure thange in follow- ing issue. Local notices in ordinary reading type 5 cents per line. Notices for Church en- tertainments or other benevolent institu- tion at special rates. Contracts for column, half -column and quarter -column rates for specified periods will be cheerfully given. Address all communications to The E. ZELLER EDITOR, ZuRrox, P.O FRIDAY, JANUARY 22nd., 1904. The Breeding of Grain. Good work has been done along various lines by the Dominion De- partment of Agriculture -and by some of the Provincial .Departments of Agriculture in Canada, with a ' view to encourage the use of a high class seed cif the very best varieties, .but there is yet room for a consid- .erable increase in the average yield • of common field crops by the use of better seed grain. The object of forming associa- tions of seed growers may not be perfectly clear to all The idea may •be new in Canada, but there are associations of seed growers in oth- er countries, such 'as the Illinois Seed. Corn Growers' Association, . that aro doing good work. The benefits derived from associations of breeders of Live stock are pretty well understood. The advantages to be derived from organized efforts on the part of seed growers are not dissimilar to,those which breeders of pure bred live stock obtain through their associations, and the general operations of an argnization of seed growers are similar to those •of live stock associations. Associations of breeders of pure bred stock fix a standard which must be attained before animals will be rcicognized as pure bred. In fixing standards of excellence for pedigreed animals the principles which underlieimprovement are re- cognized. The same principles that are applied in the improvement of animals are also applied in the im- provement of varieties of farm. crops. Heredity is the lever by which improvements are made and on which breeders of either plants or animals depend to fix desirable characteristics: but the law that like begets like must be taken in its broad sense, because it would not bo possible to make improvement if it were not for',the tendenoy to- ward variation. Heredity and the tendency toward variation can be turned to account in the improve- ment of plants equally as well as • in the improvement' of animals, but unfortunately fete farmers make any attempt to systematically apply these- principles to the improve- ment of plants. Through heredity and variation improved varieties of field crops tend to revert to the wild types from which they evolv- ed ; but when these improved sorts are provided with the environment best suited to their growth, and a • continued selection of the most cle, sirable specimens practiced, this natural tendency to reversion is overcome. Though it is highly important that the variety of grain be well 'suited to the locality where it is to grown, too much faith has been pinned to the names of varieties without due attention to the qual- ity of the seed iteelf. • It is not al- ways recognized that there inay bo much difference between two strains of seed of the seine variety of grain . as there is between two distinct Va- rieties, so far as the capacity of the .Soe(1 i) give u largo yield of gitain ()f gond c;nalx y );s eoncerned. It, is therefore iniporte'cit to rte .Sera of the, best variety that has had kir 3y treatment .ana eon•tinned selec• - tion for severest. years. In the pr,e 1 duet,ion of good :paying, mos the tort Of the seed is small but thein rinenuo of the seed. ,s event. Plump ness and freedom from. ons impurities is not suzllt;it;titfp'rnsaf that seed genii. e ap able o1: giving a good crop...— Breeders s of ponitry do not pay march attention to the Size of eggs for incubators ; they want, first of all, to know something about the geed: eii alities that tlia ;erns in the et-mhos:inherited €rom the parents,. and not, only from the parents but trent the majority of the ancestors. ' It Hi equally inipo t ant'that seed be taken from a crop in which the in- • • dividual plants have bad ano} Qr.tu nity to attain a maximum vigour and yield per plant, and it is just as important to have definite informa- tion about the crops and how the work of selection was carried on for several preceding years as it is to banns a knowledge of the ancestry; of breeding animals. In considera- tion of these : prinoiplos which un- derlie improvement in common grain crops, and in view of the lim- ited supply and growing demand forphigh class seed grain, an effort is being made by :the Department. of Agrioulture at Ottawa to form an association that will operate for the mutual benefit of seed produc- ers and seed consumers. According to the Provisional rules of the association, seed grain that is pure, :true to variety, and that had the benefit of a system of careful growing and continued selection for three consecutive years, is recognized as improved seed. The operations of members are closely inspected and records are kept of the amount and pedi- gree of the seed they produce. It. is proposed to issue a catalogue for general distribution each year in -vhich names and addresses of members will be given, together with the kinds andvarieties of seed produced by them, the pedigree of the seed, the amount of seed• for sale, and the price per bushel. It is also proposed to supply members with certificate forms, having print ed thereon the rules with which members are required to comply in the production of seed. Purch- asers of pedigreed seed may obtain one of these certificates with seed bought from a member : the signa- ture of a member would be a guar- antee that the seed supplied had been produced in accordance with the rules. The purchaser would then have an opportunity to verify the pedigree of the seed by having it registered. Measures Foreshaddowed in the Speech at the Opening of the Legislature. The Ontario Legislature met for the despatch of business, on Thurs- day the 14th., when the Lieutenant Governor forshadowed the Govern- meats r bill of fare," for the ses- sion. • Below we give a synopsis of the address, as follows : I take pleasure in again mating you, &c. •The important subject of Munici- pal Assessment will engage your further attention and to this end you will derive advantage from the Report of the Commission now in your hands ; likewise the taxation of railways and the determination of a reasonable basis of division of the revenue as between the munici- palities and the Province. He was pleased to notice the con- tinued efficiency of the asylums,hos pitals and other public institutions of the Province, and intimated that these would be added to by a new building to be used es a Hospital for Epileptics, and which would be ready for the reception of patients during the present year,- It ear—It was also gratifying to know that several Counties are establishing Houses of Refuge, which was corn - Mendable. • The means adopted for the protec tion of the public health against contagious diseases have boen effec- tive, and the sanitary condition of nal parts of the Province received the co-operation of the local author ities. • • The blessings of a bounteous har- veet, the prices for allthe products of the farm, but especially that of the dairy and orchard, are satisfac- tory; and the signs of Continued prosperity, not in agriculture alone, but in every -important branch of business. give cause for hearty con- gratulation. The attenclaface at the. A ;riciiltur al College continues to increase ; -certain buildings are nearing com- pletion: (a bequest from Sir William McDonald) when, for the first time in the history of the Province, in- struction will' bo provided for the daughters eaf Ontario farmers. It is satisfactory that the lumber industry is in a prosperous condi= tion, which is evidencod by the re- cent timber sale, at which., notwith standing that the dries and grpund rent word almost doubled, the pri- ces were in. excess of any other over held. . .ln order to further protect the for est- wealth of the Province barge additional tracts have been set.aside es fares t. reserves, .settlers excluded • .c. 'Progreso eontirues• in developing' the mineral resourccs, new discov— eries aro 1)eing reale which goes to show' the wisdom of providing rail- way facilities to render thein acces- sible, Owing to the` deficiency of fairne labor epec.ial off oa. is were made by tiovernm.ent to induce imiing ra tion of agrimaltural 1ci.boa.c•rs from Great Britain, with the reettle that mwny were t upt>lieci'and Watch-neerl. ed assistance rentlored the fanners of the Province, Satisfactory In oggt o 45 vas made in cunstructing the Tet isk.aln.ing rand Northern. Ontario Railway, ,sur veys made show that the railway may be profitably prolonged at mod crate cost, at least as far as the pro- posed line of the G. T. P. railway, and a measure enabling the Govern wont to • pr oceed' with the extension will be submitted to you. The report of the Select Commit- tee, appointed at the last Session of the House, for the purpose of collar ing reports of Committees or Com- missions or other authorities on the subject • of Municipal Trading or Municipal Ownership or the oper- ation of public utilities, as well as other authoritative deliverances on these subjects. Measures will be submitted for the improvement of the License laws, the amendment of the Assess- ment Act,the conservation of the timber resources of the Province, a Bill to enable Municipal Councils in cities, towns and villages by by- law to'siibstitute one board of trus- tees for the existing High School Board., Public School Board and Library Board,. a Bill to amend the Election Act and the Act Respect- ing the Supplementary Revenue of the Province, • The Estimates for the current year, prepared with as great regard to economy as is consistent with efficient service and the growing wants of the Province, will be sub- mitted for your early considera- tion. ' The Address in reply to the spe©ch of His Honor was taken up on the following day, and its adoption was moved by Mr. C. N, Smith, the new member from the " Soo" constitu- ency, and seconded by Dr. Morley Curry, the member for Prinee Ed- ward County. . W. C. T. U. Up in''he Clouds With The Crooked Steel, And half an hour later, with his canthook in his hands, he was up on the top of the highest skidway in the Great Tab.quarnenon Swamp. It was to be the last skidway of the season, and the last logs were to go up that morning. The heap stood in. a little space that had been cleared for it beside the main road. Behind it the logs were being drag- ged in, one or two at a time, from the places where the trees had fallen and laid across skids, ready to be rolled up to the top. In front across the road, was a beaten path where a team of horses walked back and forth, alternately pulling and slackening the decking -chain, which, passing up over it, around the stick to be drawn up, the top of the heap, ran down behind and up again to the top of the skidway, where it ended in a stout steel hook driven firmly into a log. When the horses started the stick began to roll up the beak of the pile, guid- ed by two men with 'cant hooks, who' followed it a little way and then turned back to get another one roadv. Then came .Timmy's turn, and he would come down from the peak with his °'crooked steel" to meet the log and steer it the rest of the way. He always knew beforehand just where each one was to aro—hada plc ,e already prepared for it --and he *maid give it a twist this way or that,' now holding one back and now pulling it ahead a little farther, till it drop - i ed into exactly- the right spot. The last log of the pile, the one that made the very top of the heap, was always the worst, for he had to stand before it to guide it into place, and if by any chance the horses drew it a little too far, or it did not fit the niche that he had intended for it, it was liable to roll down the front of the skidway, and unless he could jump over it he was pretty sure to bo treated .like a piece of dough under a rol- ling -pin. Wo had a man killed in that way earlier in the winter. But' Jimmy was not.: to be so caught. More than once I had seen him step np on to an advancing log, or leap into the air and let it pass nndor hint, He was as sure- footed as a goat and as nimble as a sgnirrel. Hort- he could get along this mor- ning was a. serious question with me, however, uncj twas glad when, about ten o'c-lock an •errand tool mo to his skidway, 4e !` came in. sight of. it Jimmy was working hard with hie cant hook at a log that had twisted around till it lay a.rizarely aern.;:; 1110 others, one eiid pointings up over the. crest of the pile like a 4ltiaai:rr gun trained on the tops of the tree ,'What'sa thr, i(,aatter with Jinirny to c1u.y?" asked the driver of the docking -team u I p<aSsed him, "he's leen masking cannons all the .morning. Acts as if he's been drinking. " The two men who were "sending up" climbed, the skidway and help ea .jnntuy straighten the log out, and in 0, font ruinutee it was ixi • place, Then, whiltethey were got- ting another One started, he -stood still, leaning on his `cant -book, his ltead drooping, and Wearirie$s 'and latseitgde in. evory line ()Chia figtwe,, Often ancl. often .1 had .seen hien balance himself on the top log, as lightly, and gracefully as a bird on a branch, but there was none of that left now. "I thought , Jimmy O'Donnell could bandle a• cant -hook," said a rather disgusted voice at my elbow I turned and found the old man standing beside me. "H' can," I said, "but ,he's siok this morning. He'saio business to be up there at all.'" "Then call him down," said the old man, "He'll be down in a minute any- how. That's the last log, just going up," said I. We stood. and watched. The team walked off with the decking - chain, and the log began to climb the pile. In the very peak was a notch which Jimmy evidently meant to fill. More than once I thought there would be another cannon, for the log was a large, heavy butt, with one encs nearly twice as big as the other, and it kept turning sideways in a very troublesome manner. But Jimmy was working carefully, knowing that the old man's eye was on him, and he got up at last until it was poised on the tip-top of the skidway and in another minute would have dropped into its niche. Then— " Hold on 1" he cried. It was a little out of line. " Whoa.!" said the driver, and the horses stood motionless with their weight on the collars, holding the chain tight that the to might not roll back. Jimmy struck his steel into the little end and tried to draw it forward put it proved too heavy for him, so he planted the cant -hook stock, against the butt, like a. lever, and braced himself firmly, meaning to hold it back until the small end was even with. it, • PRass SUPT. (To be continued.) Montreal, Jan. $.—Jan 3ohan- nssen, a Finlander, who has lived. for ton years in the Transvaal, and took part in the Boer war as a field cornet on Gen. Joubert's staff, and later with Dowet, arrived yester- day' to study cattle raising. Fie. says that the Boers will disuse - Britain much trouble yet, as in every big center there is a branch, of the Afr icandor Bond, whose object is to stir up trouble and finally to free the Transvaal and. Orange Free State. They aro work- ing steadily to this end and are gaining ground daily. Mr. Johan nssen, himself, is well satisfied. with the British rule., Montreal, Jan. 7.—Citizens of Montreal to the number of 300 gave a complimentary dinner this even- ing to Hon. James McShane, har- bormaster. Party lines were oblit- erated, and amongst those present were : Hon. R. Prefontaine, Mr. Monk, M. P., and Mr. Bergeron and other party leaders. The Federal ti it nient is called. to meet early in March. Sometimes a noble failure serves the world as faithfully as a distin- guished success: Dowden. Forty-five inches is the popular coat length. PlilEICIZINIBLOINOCEUMPINOIN L_THE R. PICK.ARD CO. EiLIMMMILMINMNI H EN SALL. AND DASHWOOD. E have just about completed Stock- taking and find that our Dress Goods, Flannelletts, and a few other lines are far too large and will reduce Stock, by giving you 25 and 30c, Dress Goods for 10c. Flanneletts worth 6c, for 5c. • Flannelette worth 93., we give you 15 yds for $1.00,` Planneletts worth 10dts, we give you 12 yds. for $1.00. Mens' Over Coats well worth $7.50 for $5.00. La— dies Mantles for $1.00 and up, The bal - ance of our Furs will -go sat a Great Sac- rifice. Our Groceries and Crockery aro Fresh and New and will go at Bargain Prices p Highest Price or Farm Produce. The R, PICKARD Co., M PO FiTE R S, esegmersam OwiAlerA '448,4 EMZEURSERMICESMEMEEMIZEME A GREAT C_:,M INA Ti ON "cD2 Trig HRR ALD, your home paper, Toronto Daily News American Farmer Weekly Globe .. . ..... . Weekly Montreal Herald e OUU PRICE FOR THE LOT, ONLY Address or Call at once. ....$1.00. 3.00. .50, 1.00. 1.00, 0.50. We have also Low Rates on other Daily & Weekly Newspapers. THE HERALD OFFICE, ZURICH. 1iLinah`igr aISiSMMETE5 [71:U[]y20SMESHE k,P_ 1 LE AP Or A ;x !111 EW LINES, OF FURNITURE .. is the new finish in 1 N. k+1deMoards e r„. • and . ed= own Setts. Very Rancl.solla.4 hlldrens' Sleighs, Ora} s ' . t'' antis. !rc4to. =IX.;''Cr Blankets, Robes and Bell will be sold at a Big ,IRedudtion,