HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Herald, 1913-04-04, Page 211If. GliMANS IRE FARING
ING
UliE WORKERS A.RE PROTECT-
ED BY LAWS.
The Houses Are Bare of Ornamen-
tation for Economic Rea..
sons.
Probably there are few places in
Europe where country life is so well
understood as it is in Germany.
There the northern and eastern
provinces are almost entirely agri-
cultural, and the greater number of
influential and noble families are
gutsbesitzers, or land owners= --
otherwise farmers on a large scale.
The gutshausen vary in size and
status of the owners. Those belong-
ing to the nobility are frequently
old towers or castles, having the
family arms, or else the date of
building and a. motto, raised on a
shield above the door, while the
manors of the wohlgeborn, or gen-
try, are less imposing in appear-
ance. more resembling the rambling
two-storey country houses familiar
to many parts of England.
In most of those dwellings com-
forts and luxuries of every sort are
unusually conspicuous by their ab-
sence, so that however palatial the
exterior may seem, the interior is,
at first sight, likely to'impress the
stranger unfavorably. For in-
stance, the vestibules and entrance
halls are rarely provided with rugs
or carpets, which is due rather to
hygienic than economic principles.
Nor are those hygienic precautions
always confined to the hall, for even
the bedrooms and passages are gen-
erally devoid of everything save ab-
solute necessaries. But if not orna-
mental they are commodious and
airy.
Management Almost Uniform.
In point of size the estates sel-
dom exceed twenty-five hundred
acres, except in a wooded district
and, generally speaking, the man
agement is much the same on all
varying slightly according to the
mind and disposition of the owner
In some ways it is reminiscent o
feudal days, when. "the bold baron
ruled supreme," at once the friend
and master—occasionally the mis
fortune --of his dependents.
Of late years it has _ been corn
pitleery for a land owner to provide
for the education of the children on
his estate until they attain the age
of 14. Government also insist
upon a worker's pension in the case
of illness or disablement. This i
arranged by means of a "saving
account," i.e., at the end of each
week the employe takes his saving
book to his master, to whom he
pays the amount due. This sum
may may not be lees than ten pfen
nigs (a penny and a fraction) and
may be more at his own discretion—
the higher the amount paid in the
better the return. For every penny
thus entered by a workman the
master is obliged to enter an equi
valent sum, moreover, any work
man. attaining the age of 70 is en
titled to a gift of $30.
How Wanderarbeiter Work.
Besides the usual hands, there
are in summer what arc termed
wanderarbeiter. These people come
from the confines of Russia and
Poland, being gathered together
and marched to the various German
states by overseers, whose duty it
is to int'rpret and to keep them at
work. On arriving they are bound
over for a. certain number of
months, but not infrequently there
arise cases of desertion — either
they wish for more pay and so
"flit" in the night to another place,
or else grow homesick and stray
away to the frontier.
II6
BRIQUETTES OF SAWDUST,
Aew Industry Being Operated With
Success in Germany.
A new industry may be success-
fully combined with the planing
mills, that of making of the saw-
dust briquettes to be used for firing
under the boilers, thus consider-
ably decreasing the cost of the fuel
-to the mill owner. This is being
very advantageously done in Ger-
may. The sawdust is automatically
gathered and conveyed to a place
pear the presses. From here it is
carried over a heated belt conveyor
to a drying -room. This has a cyl-
indrical revolving drum about two
feet in. diameter and 30 feet long,
In this drum the sawdust is partial-
ly dried, the ,pitch contained in the
weed is softened, acting hereafter
as a binder. From here the saw-
dust is conveyed over an incline to
the after -dryer of the same; shape as
.the first dryer Which forms a part
of the press.
Envying the rich never trade a
Poor man a dollar,
Fust what you need after a
hard day's work --A Refresh.
ing cup of
Goes farthest for the money
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THE ECHO TEST.
Safety Device for Preventing Col-
lision at Sea.
Sir Hiram Maxim, inventor of
those terrible agents of destruction,
cordite, smokeless powder and the
Maxim gun, has just invented a
safety device for preventing colli-
sions at sea. The tragic fate of the
Titanic moved him to try, and he
had reflected only four hours on the
problem when it occurred to him
that ships could be provided with
what might be called a sixth sense,
by which they could detect large
objects near at hand without the
aid of a search -light. This sixth
sense, which may be called an
"echo" sense, he knew to be pos-
sessed by bats.
Bats, nocturnal though they are,
have not especially powerful eyes
for seeing in the dark. Moreover,
in total darkness no .creature can
see, but a bat be. the thick blackness
of a cave at midnight can fly about
with perfect security; so can, a bat
that is blind. The sereitive nerves
of the face and wings are so ar-
ranged as to produce the echo
sense, which warns them always of
any solid mass near by,
"In many cases, the organ that
gives the bat the sixth sense is
spread all over its face. In the
vampire bat, the organ is on the
tip of its nose; it stands up in. the
air and is called the `shield' ; but
in most of the small bats which
catch insects on the wing, we fined
two little leaves, not unlike the
wings of •the insect that it pursues,
standing up just in front of the
ears."
These sensitive spots, together
with the fine nervous network of
the entire head and wings, are all
closely connected with each other
and with the brain. As the bat flies
about, the beat of its wings sends
out a succession of air -waves or
pulsations. These are not rapid
enough to oonstitut' sound, but
striking against surrounding ob-
jects, they are reflected back just as
sound or light would he; and these
reflected vibrations, received by the
sensitive organs so exquisitely ar-
ranged, enable the bat to judge the
distance of any object by the lapse
of time between the departure and
return of the air=waves.
The ingenious apparatus which
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Sir Hiram Maxim, acting on this;
hint, has invented to warn ships •at
sea of approaching icebergs, 'sae -
eels, rocks or fog -veiled shores
could be described fully only at
considerable length; the unscienti-
fic reader will probably understand
it quite as well if he is simply told
that it is an echo test,
We have a1•l heard of the fabled
mouse thatsaved the lion. In plain
truth, his little winged cousin, the
flittermouse, may do far more.
Some day—who knows l—a greater
Titan of 'the sea than the lost Titan-
ic may owe her safety to a bat...
Christians in India:
The London Times places . the
number of .Christians in India . at
nearly 4,000,000, of whom 3,547,000
are natives. The total is about one
in every 80 of the 315,000,000 living
in the great dependency, The -Ro-
man Catholic church has the 'that
place, with 1,394,000, an increase of
272,000 in the last decade. The
Baptists have grown from 217,000
to 331,000; the Anglicans 304,000 to
332,000; Congregationalists from
37,000 to 134,000; the Presbyterians
have increased 120, 0.00, and 'the
Methodists 97,000.
Men Who
Don't Exercise
Suffer Front Indigestion,:: Head -
Aches, Poor Appetite,
Sleeplessness.
Nothing so Sure to "Set Up" a Man,
Make Him Feel Brisk and Y1g-
orous as Dr. Hamilton's Pills.
Lack of exercise and overwork were
the causes that combined to almost kill
Samuel S. Stephens, Jr., one of the best'
known citizens in Woodstock.:
In his convincing letter, Mr, Stephens
says:
"A year ago I returned home ate* a
long trip, completely worn out. I was so
badly affected by chronic biliousness, so
much overcome by constant headaches,
dizziness, that I despaired of ever getting
well.
"it was a blessing that i used Dr. Ham-
ilton's Pills. In one week I felt like a
new man. The feeling of weight and
nausea in my stomach disappeared. My
oyes looked brighter, color grow better,
and, best of all, I began to enjoy my
meals. The dizziness, langour and feeling
of depression passed away, and i fast re-
gained my old-time vigor and spirits. To-
day I am well—thanks to Dr. Hamilton's
Pills."
For health, strength, comfort and good
spirits there is no medicine like Dr. Ham-
ilton's Pills. 250. per box, five boxes for
$1.00, at all druggists and storekeepers,
or by mail from The Catarrhozone Co.,
Buffalo, N. Y., and Kingston, Canada.
44
• Grains of Gold.
The virtue of prosperity is tem-
perance; the virtue of adversity is
fortitude.—Bacon,
He that falls into sin is a man ;
that grieves at it a saint; that
boasteth of it a devil.—Fuller.
Great men do not play stage
tricks with the doctrines of life and
death ; only little men do that, --
Ruskin.
The comfort which poor human
beings want in such world• as this
is not the comfort of ease, but the
comfort of strength.—Kingsley.
There is something harder to face
than death, and that is the realiza-
tion of failure and misdirected
effort and weeng-doing.--1 : G.
Wells,
There is an idea abroad among
moral people that they should make
their neighbors good. One person
I have to make good : myself,; R. L.
Stevenson,
Nothing is more silly than the
pleasure some people take in
"speaking their minds," A man of
this make will -say a rude thing for
the mere pleasure of saying it,
when an opposite behavior, fully as
innocent, might have preserved his
friend, or made lois fortune:. --
Steele,
The Weak Spot,
Blobbs—You know disease always
attacks the weakest spot,
Slobbs- -l7o you suppose that is
why so many 'people get a cold iii
the head'
OIIR LETTER FROM TORO; TO.
WHAT THE PEOPLE OF THE CITY ARS,
DISCUSSING AT PRESENT TiME.
The Hector of St. Paul's Church—A Cana-
dian Northern Town—Ontario Hoy
Makes Good—Tight money,
When a man can achieve a salary of
$8,000 a year merely for preaching, it goes
without saying that he has gifts that are
out of the ordinary. Such a man is
Archdeacon H. J. Cody, Rector of St,
Paul's Church, Bloor St,, Toronto. The
$8,000 salary ie, in hie case, a reality.
Previous to the annual business meeting
of the church the other day it was $6,000,
but recognizing the great value of his
work and the church being one of the
wealthiest in Toronto, an iroreaee of $2,-
000 a year was made with groat unanimity
and enthusiasm. As indicating the wealth
of the congregation it may be pointed out
that their income for the year amounted
to over $73,000• of which more than $20,-
000
20;000 was devoted to Mission work.
When Archdeacon Cody began his con-
nection with St. Paul's Church as even-
ing preacher, several years ago, St. Paul's
was a comparatively small institution,
with a small church edifice and of very
;modest pretensions in every way. At that
time Mr. Cody had just graduated, and
was lecturing at Wycliffe College on
Church history. It was not until four-
teen years ago, in 1899, that Mr. Cody be-
came rector of the Church. Since that
date St. Paul's has grown to be one of
the moat active and biggest +church or-
ganizations in the whole country. A mag-
nificent new church has been erected at a
cost of $290,000 for building alone, and an
organ is being installed which will be the
finest in Canada. The organ is being fur-
nished by Mrs. Blackstock as a memorial
to her husband, the late G. T, Black-
stock. The new St. Paul's is not yet oc-
cupied, but, after many delays, is now
promised for October 1st next. When fin-
ished it will be a monument to Archdea-
con Cody's many abilities.
Belongs to Low Churchmen,
Perhaps the most prominent supporter
Mr. Cody has at St. Paul's is Honorable
S. II. Blake. He has been generous in his
money contributions, but Mr. Blake's chief
support lies in moral qualities. His com-
bative abilities are well known, and he
has done a great deal to make St. Paul's
the militant force that it is. At Synod
meetings Mr. Blake's appearance is al-
ways the signal for an increased interest,
and, it may be, for dread on the part of
those who may possibly fall foul of him.
Being a Wycliffe man, and having his
right-hand supporter such a pronounced
churchman as bir. Blake, it can be sur-
mised that Archdeacon Cody is far remov-
ed from the Ritualist section of the Angli-
can Church. So pronounced are hie views
and so strong is the cleavage on this
point that, despite his outstanding abili-
tiee, it was impossible for him to be elect-
ed to the position of Bishop of Toronto
when the seat fell vacant about five years
ago, and the present Bishop elected on
that occasion owes his position to a com-
promise between the contending forces.
However, Archdeacon Cody needs no
Bishopric to add to his laurels. He ie,
perhaps, more highly regarded than he
would be in the more exalted position.
His Wide Activities.
The Archdeacon is still a young man,
scarcely more than turned forty, and can
look forward in the ordinary course of
events' to' many years of useful activity
and many honors. He is a distinctly On-
tario:.product. The village of Bmbro in
North Oxford may claim him as his own.
At the University of. Toronto be had a
brilliant record, and for a time after gra-
duation served as Classical Master at
Ridley College, St. Catharines. It was
while at hie work there that he gradually
came to the conclusion that the field of
work in which he could do the greatest
good was that of the Church. His decis-
ion has been amply justified. Though a
Churchman, his activities are unusually
widespread. He has taken the keenest in-
terest in the Canadian Club movement and
is in constant demand as a speaker. The
trend of his mind is indicated by the sub-
ject chosen for his address before the
Toronto Canadian Club the other day,
namely, "The Test of a True Democracy."
Mr. Cody's congregation is itself extra-
ordinary in representing diverse inter-
ests. It contains men of prominence in
every walk of life and furnishes a repre-
sentative cross-section of the community.
He is revered by all who come under the
influence of his preaching. The secret of
hie attraction probably lies in his sin-
cerity and mental vigor. Cynics and un-
believers cannot listen to him very long.
He makes them ashamed or converts
them.
Taking in Leaside.
The latest controversy in civic affairs has
been over the question of whether the
"paper" town of Leaside is to be annexed
to the city or not, the question being as
to whether Leaside would be taken in or
whether Toronto would be "took in."
Leaside is a Canadian Northern town
site touching the borders of the corpora-
tion of Toronto on its extreme north-east-
ern limit. It consists at the moment of
farm lands in their pure and undisturbed.
state. The site is a vast one, containing
some 1,200 acres, and the Canadian North-
ern declare they propose to establish
their shops there, employing perhaps thou-
sands of men, and this, with their fam-
ilies and the supporting population that
will be required, will, it is expected, es-
tablish a centre of population of perhaps
25,000 or 30,000 people, But this is all for
the future. Meanwhile the first step taken
by the Canadian Northern Railway was
to ask the city to annex this vacant tract
of land.
What the interests allied with the Cana-
dian Northern Railway probably had in
mind was to place the 'city under the ob-
ligation of furnishing civic) services such
as sowers, sidewalks, streets, water, etc.,
to the district. This would, of course, re-
lieve the present owners of the town site
of a tremendous responsibility. It is stat-
ed that annexation, carrying with it as it
does the obligation to supply services im-
mediately, adds several dollars a foot
value to vacant property, and on this
basis the annexation of Leaside would
mean several million dollars immediate
value to the property of the present own-
ers, who are headed by Sir Donald Mann
of the 'Canadian Northern Railway and
Colonel Davidson, who has been intimate-
ly associated with the Canadian Northern
interests for a number of years.
On the other hand, there arc, of course,
undoubted advantages to the city in hav-
ing Leaside annexed at once. In this way
only can the city obtain control over
franchises and other matters which would
be quickly complicated if left to an inde-
pendent corporation.
An Ontario Boy Out West.
Mr, Arthur Meighen, M.P., an Ontario
boy who has mad4 good in the West, has
been returning to his haunts of olden days
in the role of a legislator and moulder of
public opinion. • Twenty years ago Ar-
thur Meighen was a school boy in St.
Mary's, Perth county, v He is now t-ecog
CURES
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TH GLUE%'AC1' AC,
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IGIL TT COMP0A.1 LIMn F�
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nized as one of the permanent men of
Western Canada, Portage La Prairie be-
ing the town where as a barrister and
citizen he 'made his reputation. While
Mr. Meighen has been discussing the Navy
with considerable effectiveness and brilli-
ancy, it is doubtful if he is as happy. now
that his party is in, power as •he was
when in opposition. Mr. Meighen has been
described as more of a destructive than a
constructive debater. Besides, as a repre-
sentative of the West he has pretty radi-
cal views on some subjects, but as a min-
isterialist he has to recognize his respon-
sibilities. He may not, as he did in the
olden days, 'rook the boat," He used to
advocate duty free agricultural imple-
ments and other advanced views, and he
will no doubt be heard from again. He
has been described as the Parliamentary
double of Honorable G. E. Foster, with
the same ready tongue, the same caustic
style, the same keen relish of combat.
Tight Money Continues.
There is some revival of the talk of im-
pending reaction in the business world,
-but it is probable this very talk, continu-
ing for several months, that is keeping
away some reversion to duller times. Ev-
erybody exercising some caution has no
doubt had a decided tendency to keep the
situation in hand. If nobody had been on
guard there might have been a disaster
before this. Financial men do not hesi-
tate to say that there must be a read-
justment of real estate values. This dic-
tum, however, the real estate men goner -
ally do not accept end can put up a
strong argument on behalf of the conten-
tion.
The cloud on the horizon continues to
be tight money. Tight money in the Au-
tumn is no unusual thing, but it gener-
ally eases up early in the new year. So
far there has been little caning up this
year. If it does not case up soon there
can not help but be some retrenchment
or, perhaps, more accurately, a lessening
of the pato.
It has frequently been remarked that in
1907 no city on the continent felt the pinch
as little as Toronto, largely on account of
the new riches flowing into the city from
Cobalt mining camp. It is significant that
now a new mining camp is just on the
eve of its producing stage. One mine in
Porcupine ns now producing gold at the
rate of $70,000 a week, which figures out to
a total of over $3,500,000 a year. There are,
of course, not many mines like this.
The family remedy for Coughs and Colds.
Shiloh costs so little and docs so much!'
HOW FAR MAN HEARS.
Science Now Busy Determining Hu-
man Range of Sound.
In. the sense of hearing, numerous
problems have interested phycholo-
gists, writes Professor A. T. Boffen-
ger in the Strand Magazine.
Among these may be mentioned the
range of sounds that can be heard
by an individual—that is the limit
above and below which no sound
can be heard.
The solution of these two prob-
lems, the determination of the up-
per and lower limits of sound, has
occasioned a great deal of careful
work and the construction of many
forms of apparatus. For determin-
ing the upper limit of sound for any
individual—and individuals differ
considerably -the Galton whistle is
generally used. It -consists-of a tiny
pipe, which is lengthened or short-
ened by a piston adjusted by a, mi-
crometer screw. This little instru-
ment can be regulated to make a
tone which is too high for any hu-
man ear to hear, and which will
finally produce only a painful sen-
sation.
Tho Galton whistle was devised
by Francis Galton for his study of
individual differences. He had one
of the whistles built into the end of
his cane, and as h•e walked through
the Zoological Gardens he would
blow it near the ears of the various .
animals. He adjusted the whistle
too high for his own ear to hear,
and if the various animals respond-
ed to the sound he knew that their
upper limit was greater than that
of the human ear.
The ordinary human ear can de-
tect a tone whose vibration is • at
least twenty-five thousand vibra-
tions per second, while the whistle'
will produce fifty thousand per
second. This upper limit varies
with the age of the individual to
such an extent that, if the upper
limit at sixteen years of age were
fifty thousand vibrations, at sixty s'
years of age it would be about
twenty-five thousand per second.
Trust
Savings Accounts
BT leaving your surplus earnings
with . the Savings Department
of this Company, you obtain inter-
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CENT. per annum, compounded four
times a year—and the whole or any
part of it may be withdrawn by
cheque. Interest being paid from
date of receipt to date withdrawn.
Accounts may be opened by mail.
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