HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance Times, 1924-08-14, Page 6*nitro
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Hie Marvel That
of Man.
The Marvel That lp the Eye of Man. -
The origin of the factote ee etelen
bidden lu the depths of geological an-
tiquity, The (-Feature welch liret de-
veloped a see organ tor receiviing
thc, xepild ether -waves ee light canuot
itteir be traced, It last remotes hAve
beer) destroyed W the vast churnings
and boiling of the earth's crust which
preceded the Cauilerian epoole
Cambrien, rocks themselves are full a
fossils, mostly of that cos e bettveee.
a king crab and a wood louse whi
we call a trilebite. And the trilobit
were endowed with eyes of great co
IL:
tes AetaI rora Vealee,
ee it tie aa xteua more than su
nt to make U 1W the• whole sky.
New Woe Conquer,
Tbese are the coutreoupleeeS
human achleyennent, aferre reeeat
dare have addea greeter and mere
wonderful resources,. The cleave:tato
graph has done for time wiled •th
telescrepe did fer eletee, Xts lates
develeInnent acta, indeed, Ince t1
as microscope, which euables us to
at's out rapid zeoveraeut.s so ass to examine
them at leisure. An quite aPart
m- from these visible Whigs, we have be.
plexity, consisting of thousands-
leneee, which meet have taken
Mous of years to develop from mo
rudimentary organs,
We do know that green plants
sensitive to light, but their "visio
cermet in any case exceed the gene
impression of luminosity whicb.
have in a thick. fog.
The animal world acquired visi
in order the better to seek it prey
to escape tram its enemies. It was
aoubt the latter purpoee which iv
served, by that lost "third eye," th
pineal eye la the top of the head, th
remains of which are conspicuous
the chameleon sod are faintly disce
Ibis even in man.
of ,
gun to attack thirags invisible sad
rail- bring them within our range of vielen.
re Roentgeu rays, aided ay fluorescent
screwier reveal the s.ecrets normally-
hiddea behind bunion fleet. and ekie.
The selenium cell and, the epteplion.e
ral render visual -irfeets acceesible eVee.
we to those who are deprived at the sease
of sight, The bolometer, the thennop-
on ible and the pliotographlic plate open
or up entire realms or radiation wbose
no very existence was unsuspected
as couple of generatioes ago.
• 'Where wilt it all end.? Whither are
• we tending? Are the.re any worlds
in left to conquer? The last questiion
rn- will probably raise a smile on the
farces of the next generation.
A Complicated Crean.
Tile eye of man is a eamposite
gen of a fourfold complexity. It ha
some 100,000,000 separate receive
some of which axe adapted to vision
semidarkness, while the rest are sp
cia.lized to perceive the three tairtia,
colors in a good light_ The former ar
the "rods" of the reties, minute cyll
dere of piles of -Uses elothed in a per
pie pigment which becomes- yellow an
axially white under the action of ligh
and has to be renewed before vii
can. continue. The -color-serisitire el
meets or 'tones,' are chiefly conceal
hated in. the "yellow „spot" of the r
Lina, wItich we inst.lactively use fo
clearest vision..
Develops Near-SIghtedriess.
It is only recently that the pecuh
erities of "redevision" have been full
elucidated. Astronomers have bee
practicing 'averted visidn" for sole
time and }save found that a faint star
Ls more clearly discerned when it is
not gazed at directly, for in the latter
case its image received on the cones
covering the yellow spot, and these are
often insufficiently sensitive. Ghosts,
will-osthe-erisps, fleeting visiforts in
darkened rooms and the so-called "N
rays" are now all classed as phew=
ena. of rod -vision. Had the wan los
most of its light, or had man become
an exelusilvely night -hunting animal
since hie appearance on earth, his
optical equipiment would me doubt by
this time show nothing but rods on
his retina.
Instead, man has evolYed into a be-
ing with a quick and keen perception
of calor -and a tine distinction of detail
at a comparatively short range. Ins
constant oceupation with cicse-range
work tends to made him near-sighted,
a inedification whia is an adaptation
rather than a defect.
The human eye is not a perfect be
strument. As a telescope, a micro-
scope or a taxaera obseurar it has de-
fects such as a good instrunrent-
maker is-ould not tolerate, but as a
combination. of all tbxee it is unsur-
passed. In the course of its age-long
evolution it has adapted Itself to tun -
light to an extent -erhich we have only
in recent years been able to appreci-
ate. it is most sensitive to the green -
sir -yellow rays of smelight—weeeh,
qualitatively, is the same as daylight
—and its rod-vislon. is well adapted to
starlight and moonlight, though- the
latter is equivalent to the light of only
a eingle candle ten feet away.
Yet this wonderful hum.an sense -
organ is in many respects Inferior to
similar organs posseesed by animals.
We acknowledge this, every time we
talk at a man poseeseing the "vision
of a ba -wk." It Is the brain behind
the eye, and more particularly the
visual -area, ef the cerebral cortex at
the beck of the bead, whica canters
upon Man his seperfority. It is when
visions
Flash upon that thwart eye
Which is the bliss a oolltutle
that the settle of sight 'becomes of
peramount immortaace. 'The human
eye, aided by the human brain, sees
countless detalbs of beauty and utility
'where e less widowed organ pereeives
only a bagree. Waste or Meaningless
light and obade, It has been said
With testae truth that "the human
brain is tbe work of the lunn.an heed"
in the Geese that muds- freely' na0Vfng
aand naapa oat spacerelations and
lerltigs Went the ca-ordieetierf between,
sigh.t and touch Which builds up a
inicro-cosWic replita of the extereal
world in. wideli We brain may exer-
Mee ite functions,
The brain, thus edecated, is enabled
te Widen. the scope and range of itS
Saithail, organs -ot seuse. From meet?
lithio tinieS oriseard pletoral art has
created teinbeile, repres6etations of
fleeting eireties destined tO render the
eight
of tithes pernioneet and wafer-
getteble, The Mier-Ott:op° ha$ enabled
the eeeerVer to denvett hiatre
eelt, Whe
trair ehooses, Into a horittaleulue
edrai thoutland lemee entailer than
bittfeelf tteti to live tor a tenthn a
in
appalling world of ettanee and 'Marra -
Ing TIM teleecOpe ds
ite Meet a
Vented farm cellecte ae reach of the
ie
light of 4 etar into it sele eye an
felle 'upon the lemils ef the Winne
poptilation leatteheetor. ft brilige
the Mimi within the dietarico Which
• Nature's Lucky -Bag,
rs,
• taking things for granted. For 1.-
0j stance, we seldom realize. that we are
rYi indebted to Nature for other things
e, than our *daily food. But if we think
n.."1 for a few moments we &len see that,
-1 at every turn, we shouX be very badly
d.! off if it were not for Nature's wonder -
t ful gifts.
Who would ever drea.ra that the
elpretty, colored, shivery table-JellY,
n
"4 looking on our tables like feiry fare,
e -d was -once 'connected with cows' and
ri calves' feat, and, in some liastancea
comes from bone and hide clippings. .
The size used in paste and gine is s.
e poorer lied of gelatine, -which is made
y from parchmertt clippings, old leather,
n: and rabbit and ash. >elder
O Fur coats are made from the skin
of thick -furred. animals, such as the
seal, Deaver, mole, and even. the hum-
ble rabbit and rat.
Squirrels, and not camels, are re-
sponsible for the "camel hair" paint
brushes which are named after Mr.
Camel, who inve,nted them. Thehairs
- used coine from the tip of the squir-
rel's "brush."
t The elerrhant's tusks pro -vide us
with ivory of the very best kind. The
tusks of the -walrus, narwhal., and hip-
popotaraus yield slightly inferilor
ride
.. of ivory, which are used for
making knife -handles and -arnaments.
Many other articles of a like nature
are made of highly polished bone.
Artifiela/ flowers are sometimes
made from the iridescent scales of
fis.ltes; while some fish also give no
oil. "Train" oil, which is used as a
lubricant for machinery, is procured
frora the blubber of the whale; and, of
course, you are ell familiar with cod-
liver ME Then, too, a very reliable
burning oil is procured from the cock-
chafer.
All our clothes are indirectly given
us by ardmals, as wool. from sheep,
and even dogs' hairs can be mane up
into clothing inateriaL Silk made by
that ugly creature, the ailk-worm, is
so largely used that la the South of
Pranee hundreds of honses axe given
over entirely to breeding these grubs.
Your bath sponge was once alive at
the bottom of the sea; and your coral
necklace was made by theusands of
marine insects,
Another insect, the cochineal, which
three on the ca,ctus plants of Mexico,
yields a -wonderful, harmless dye when
dried and boiled.
As a people we get into the habit of
Naw -Methods.
Doreas—"I suppose, iti your cam-
paign for the State Senatorship youll
go around kissing all the babies iti
your district.'
Philippa --"Nope, 01a stuff. Babies
can't vote. nut the men can."
The Perfect Servant,
n seems to ua that the perfect eer-
vant—erom tbe theoretical point of
view—has been identified. As a mat-
ter of feet he would have been more
satisfactory even to his master if he
had been less perfect atid a little more
euman.
Dickens used to tell a story of hiS
biographer, John Forster, Forster had
a devoted and skillful sereant, Reery,
who was always most correct 15 every-
thing lie did, It was therefore eaten-
ishing one night -when ateetee was en-
tertalnling several writers at dinner
te gee the ecruPulous Rotary make er-
ror after error. He upset a plate Of
Weep, and Fonder Uttered a ery of
elarin. lee foot to sero the Sallee
Per the Ogee and his master /said,
"Why, Henry!"
Altogether he made the exeellent
dinner Semi a fileVenly and peer re-
pot. when at the end Of it he leaned
o'er' Fereterai OMIT' and Said in A tre-
Millette Voice; "Pleitee, Mr, earl you
wet me rieW? My house lies' ben on
fire for the lest two hem"
that Lease Luo meret F
biddett City, pagdad,, is no' Inger i
lilted, be' deaerts iMpessable to a
Wing het caasels, Timbectoo is an a
action. arid alamasel lias openea
nagnifteent college, the Westernisi
ot tee World eeeme to be going on
seta a pace that romarice will so
have to tette a batik seat or get la
eouuntinication with Mars in ()reel -
°pee frest fields. .
Of etetree, the lieropane bite do
emelt to Ituocit the mystery oat
in a 'When. one tan fly over a fo
idea was Ititherto iumenetrabl
1 feet alone takes all the roman
out the darit and dismal wood,
keuellarle t-itit the deeert. There
fortnightly aeroplane serviee
tweets. Puleetine, Egypt -atid I3agda
wiliet teats very little aecOunt ot tie
errors ot the desert, which serha
frightened Nat tor thousands of yeas
To-claye too, Ianded proprietomvL
their distaet eetes atIraq by aioto
cer, whereas a tew years ago they
dared not go in any fa:shims wlthoat
aa armed. er& There are taxi -ea -be
le the Mesopotamian towns., aria gem-
motoneaunehea ors the Tigris,
Ttere is also a eel -remits' in Bad -
ad, as there az In that ot.her memory-
aunted city- of Khartoum.
But the moet wonderful thange baa
tome over KnonaSsi, or Seortmase„ ae
the newspapere called it when Si
Garnet (afterwards 'Viscount) Wolse-
iey's expedition went there W the firs
eashanti War.
Then it was a veritable city of Wood"
it a collection of mud and straw hats
could be called a city at ell. To -day
it has electric light and a eplenclid
college.
Needless to say, it is now as safe to
live in liumassi as, te live in London,
and the fierce and blood -thirsty Ash -
antis have beeome laveabidiug cite
zen.e.
Yet there are till people who say
civilization is on Its last legs:
Modesty Was a Characteristic
VINCI. ADVANCE -TIM
v
ES.
The Prinee of Wales, probably the beet advertised man in the World,
t opened the business sessions of the great international adveettsing conven-
tiai at Wembley, England, reeently, ethexe he was faoed by an assembly of
inore than 5,000 delegates.
of Many of the Great
Masters.
ItIodesty ie a trait in character which
many people of the twentieth century
lack. Indeed this theme provides
newspaper writers nowadays with the
opportunity of making vitriolie at-
taeks upon present day mannere, bob-
bed hair and kindred subjects.
These writene if they so desired,
could point to many of the world -
famed composers as great exponents
of modesty. For example, Verdi was
never heard to speak of hie operas, it
is said, as "My Trovatoree" or "My
Rigeletto."
When asked if he thought hi amine
would become Immortal, Gounod once
said, 'No, I have done nothing to up-
lift mankind," Once beseig-ed by ad-
mirers for his autograph, he replied,
"Why do you want it? It is not of a
great man.
Weber avoided persons who he
knew would refer to bis compositions
as great worka He liked to get away
from people who knew him, and often
requested that ids music be not played
within his hewing. -
Liszt said of mueic,"-It is often but
a road to sorrow- and despair," mean-
ing that so many composer's do not
succeed. Rubinctein was of a sad
temperament, as was also Chopin; and
both were "painfully" modest.
Chopin teal, "If my work is of real
value it may be heard after I am gone;
but I hope they will never prefix to
my name any other title than 'mon-
sieur.' I dislike to bear any man ad-
dressed as a 'master,' and still more
to be spokea of as the great.' "
Music seethes as well as fires the
soul cif man. Of the Mareelllaise
Hymn, Roger de Lisle wrote, "It is a
good hymn, I suppose; hut as to its
becoming immortal, why abould it?"
Mascagel said of his Cavalleria, "Oh,
it will bring are, money, not fame.
Fame belongs to an age that is pass-
ed." Yet the Intermezeo is to -day
among the best -an -Own pieees of music
that have come to me efnce Gounod's
Faust made Paris proclaim him -"A
great at greatest composers,"
Schubert wrote of bis Serenade, "It
really pleases me! why I cannot say."
'Mat greater examples of modesty
than these would one -want?
Teehnical schools in Tokio, Japan,
are now holding special classes in
architecture for girls.
Hebridean Colonization
The present tendency in Canada to
wards the achievement of a more sa
isfactory settlement and speedier as
simulation of new settlers cannot b
better illuatrated than in the mantle
of the settlement of the many bun
dreds of crofters from the islands 0
the Hebrides who in the past causal
of years have located on farms i
Western Canada. The movements o
these crofter farmers has been an
settlers, and assistance to them, for
tbe first few years, ,after they take
,
t.. up farming operation.
The Fire Llt—Larder Full.
O Four {erectorsof the Society have
r contributed $16,000, and this sum is
- expected to be swelled by c er'13
f fr
tioes. from_ others interested in Cana -
e clian colonization and the settlement
a of Hebridean crofters. With this pre -1
f linainary amount fourteen cottages are
to be built, and funds ,secured bY the
eminently satisfactory one, removing
these hard-working and highly desir-
able people from their native homes
where. the outlook was most unpromis-
ing, and adding theta to Canada's
population with the greatest assurance
of their permanent success.
Taking advantage of the uetoward
es
eircumetances in the northern lands,
the Canadian Pacific Railway under-
took to move numbers of the inhabit -
ante of the Hebrides to Western Can-
ada, and 'through the co-operation of
the Federal Government and the gyms,
Pathetic assistance of yarioue private '-
bodies, their settlement was accomp-
lished. The :desires expreseed for
community settlement were met, as
far as circumstances woad permit,
and the hrofters established on farme
in two districts- near Calgary and Del-
moiato3e. Here, in tae brief time which
has elapsed, they have won uniform
success in their farming efforts, are
satisted with their conditions and
prospects and have given encourage-
ment to a further movement. In the
past twelve months something like
700 crofters and their families have
been -moved and settled in Western
Canada_
Scottish Immigrant Aid Society.
The Rev, Father R. A. MaeDonnell,
who bas throughout been the prime
agent in accomplishing the movement,
accompanying parties from Scotland,
travelling through with them to West-
ern Canada, and personally supervis-
ing their settlement, was largely re -1
sponsibe foe the formation of the Scote
tieb. Immigrant Aid Society to carry
ma the work of moving -these people,
and is its Inanaging ditecton After
being responsible for the movement
of several same parties oe Hebridean,
crofters already this year, he has re- I
turned to Scotland aed will return in
August with a party expected te Dane
her about 600, which he tvill settle on
farms in Athena. I
The manner td their settlement will
be a novel one in Canadian aoloniza-
tion, and the Scottish Immigrant Aid
Soefety Is setting out to effect a real
and gratifying settlement work. Their]
atm is the establishment of an Heb -1
rlelean farming cobony which, having
regard to the settlement of former set- r
tiers from the isiancle, they will have
no gleat diflimetY itt aceomplisbing,
The basis of their work Is the assune'
ption that the greatest draWba,ok to
eatistactory colottizatioti es the lack
of housing accoeimotlatien for new'
Society, through participating ie the
' British Empire Settlement Act, will
I enable them to erect an additional
' hundred cottages. The are to be
I -
built on land in Alberta weet of Red
'Deer. The Society .seciures a twenty-
year lease on. the land and, erects
thereon a cottage* for the prospective
sealer who has been a fernier, crofter,
or farm laborer in the old lana- The
settler gets a lease of the cottage and
plot for (me year, renewable for a
second year, and, under exceptierial
circurustaaces, a third. These cot-
tages are to be homes for the settlers
whilst they are learning the ways of
the country and the farming methods
of Western Canada. •
Hebrecle-ad crofters arriving from
their northern island homes„ after
travelling the thousande of miles, by
land and sea, instead of having to
undergo the 'customary hardships of
pioneering, will End a tome awaiting
ea.eh of them, with a fire burning and
the house stocked with provisions. In
Canada's experience with the first
Hebrideans lies the best of assur-
ances ot the success of Father Mac-
Donnell's Alberta colony.
Latch4Cey Lore.
bloat of xis, when we use a latch -key
in entering a house, have, no thought
of the Idetoxical significance of the ac-
tion. Yet the latch -key hies a symbol-
ism entirely its own.
Examine the images of the Egyptian
deities, in the British M-useum, and you
will notice in the hands of some of
them a crow with a circular handle.
It epresents the Anah, or key of life,
one of the oldest of all religious sym.
bola, denoting the power to open and
'close the doors at heaven.
The key has a magical meaning for
the Greeks and Romans. Their gods
were often given the title of Kay -
bearer as, for examele, James, the god
of gates, who Was eappesecl to uelock
the doors of war and peace. In early
Caristiaindaistory the symbol of tae
key was associated with St. Peter,
with hf$ two keys of gold and iron.
In the Middle Ages tire key was
usea to assist In tbe identificatioin of
guilty persona. It, for instance, a
theft had been conaanitted, a key was
laid on the open page of a Bible, when
it, was supposed to move towards the
culprit. Wedding rings had their or-
igin in the key presented to the Ito -
Man bride by her husband, as a sign
of ber authority in his household
A general WieW 1.s slerwri of the field aud Stands of tb giant C1ontttes
War 01 sports totek plaee. Repreeentailtree ar, all the getett nutioiia took Dart
ate aftnn, 1,01-an0g, 0
n We opening pendia.
Id
An Artist in a Diving Snit.
1Vben Mi Zerh ,H, pracherd, the
painter et mulerwater seaeeeeeS, Wept
to Toliiti be tried to borroty.tbe diving
celuiliteent rig to at} ylatiVe
prince of cleefteie, Naril Seances; But
learn lethen beit 11 'my on las lay-
ing e weger that he °Dula paint ender
-
water a sceeo that, Nara, bine-self an
admirable sv,,iniwer and diver, should
recognize as true. Natal, who wa$
entirely Sloptioal, went along in (lie
beige ana helped fasten Mr. Pritchard
late the claque dresa, Weleb was not a
full suit, but a helmet, a bretieeplete
and u tightwateeeroef ueeer gar -
Ment The artist was u2readY eaPeal-
eecing qualieS , coneorning the edo-
quaoy Qi
ciirloc)°
ri 1(11-1,11(DiOnginertwhen-fraiied Ngalarsi
Wiedow of the lielinet in Lis hand,
"NOW listen, You 411g this life line
Onee.--miermair; (mete—less, air; three
tittiea-seire so eifead; fem. times --1
Will paint berei five Unies---sharks,"
"Ide Slielte withoet tbe lottat emo-
ttou," Stle'S Mr, Pritcliare le hie earres
tine of are lacklent in a reeent number
or eaela, " 'Weate' 1 tined, 'SI:larks!
HaVe 1 „ipat to eonet oee, two, three,
fear' etre when a obark, the ewiltest
et $winenore, .lis coming for me?
Cen't it be ones ler sharks?' Clash
mule the glees inmost on my nose, and
thet an empeatie, 'Shut up!' "
air. Pr/N.:hard woe the wager—
whiolx at once couverted Narri and his
crew int° ardent friends and .cbara-
pions—end be eneentered no sharks:
On a later °coulee, however, another
creature of the 'Maple seas gave lam
an extremely bad minute.
'Taa, niy 'diver, leek me one day to
a sort of underwater culele-eree with
eoral walls. ' Naertew, vertical fissures
in the rock etoed out blue against the
dead yellow structure at the back.
saw to my astonishment what I
thought was a sea anemone hanging
vertically ag-ainst one of the blue fis-
sures% 1 had always seen such a crea-
tare attached horizontally and wide
open in cleylig-ht. This was closed. It
was round and bulging and was grow-
ing larger every moment. - And then I
saw below the round mass gazing
straight -at me two hideous, eyes! I
looked again. The leatesome creature
was pushing itself out from the deep
blue cavern through the narrow fls-
sure. Soon one or more ef its eight
arms tele or fifteen feet lens would
reach out, and there would be en end
pf me!
I confess I madly unhooked my an-
chor stone and rose to the canoe,
striking nay head on the bottom ot it
In my panic. Taa drew me in as 'fast
a,s he could while ashouted,breathles's-
ly, 'Octopus!' I seem.ed to have an in-
terminable length of leg to -pull In!
Tan snatched up his long octopus
spear, a -slim three -sided French bay-
onet on the end of a twenty -foot hard-
wood role. He hurled it with the sure,
swift aim of the Tahitian. It struck.
The beast struggled and writhed
against the wall, but presently worked
free of the spear, which Ta a recover-
ed. The bayonet had struck between
its body and one of the arms', and in
the struggle to loosen itself the crea-
ture had Jammed the bayonet against
the fissure and while trying to draw
back into the caveray had bent the
steel so that it was 'curved when with-
drawn. For days afterward the wartet
itt the lagoon was smoky erown from
the liquid the octopus had emitted
-*bile fighting for its life.",
, Then He Got Red.
He (as they strolled along)—"hat
was the first thing you saw turn peen
this spring, dearest?"
She--"Wby—er—the ring you gave
me last winter, dear,"
Open -Air Parliament.
The ltira,nx-Parlfament, or Tynwald,
Which met recently, claims to be the
oldest legislative asee"mbly ia, the
werld, having been founded in the
year 938 by a 'certain King Orry.
It is held- On Tynwald Hill, at arti-
ficial mound construeted ef sell
breuget from each of tile teventeen
.parishes le the Island,. The niee,seres
passed 'there obtain the force ot law
in Manedence after- receiving the tit
Royal Assent. , ha
Tho eereanooy, which Includes the fa
entleteeenteet oti his chair of etate of es
the flee Lereint-Governor, Is ',stately , co
lend impressiVe. lenforeeeately, haw-
averlie eolomnity hae been seenowleit w
Marred of lato yearS, by Moises of ou
eteippere," who 'leek to lt as to a ae
,
770
How Toasts OrIghlated
in England.
DrIneleg to a man's good bealtb, bes
ean England a El far beck es the
Dania invasion, whon it wee custom-
ary with the Daees whilst an English-
men was drinking to take the °mem-
amity 'of stabeteg him,
To guard egainet this treachery, the
lenglese mitered into a combieation to
be mutual pletlees of security to each
other while del:eking.
Wham dberetore, aa Englistmen of
that perioe strauk to his frieed; hie
tacit language was, 'Si, I fear that
seine neailetons Dane will stab me er
out my throat weilet I am driakiuga I
beg the fa vor of yeti to watch careful-
,
tbia may drink in saeety,"To
which hie friena Was suppeeed to ans-
wor, "Sir, I will pledge you and be
Your security." He then replied, "I
am much oleiged to you. Sir, your
health, that you may live Ull I have
done drinking, a.ad save me tram -hia
wicked intentions."
The Toast In a Loving Cup.
There Is some doubt as to how the
word 'toast' came to be used as ire- •
plying complimentary drinking, buMit
is probably derived from the piece of
toast which used to be put into the
Loving Cup to add piquancy te 'the
dr,aught; a custom still ,known at Bre
tiesh universities.
For the piece of toast wa.s. after-
wards submitted the naine of a laslY
to whose welfare the company were
invited to drink, and who thus became
the toast or savourofthe wine.
In that age of gallantry, the time of
King Charles -IL, it was the custom
when a gentleman drank a lady's
Health to threw some part of his drese
to the flames, in Qrder to do her still
greater honor, And his 'companions
were obliged to follow him in this >4 --
proof of veneration, by committing to- e.
the flames a similar article of apparel,
whatever it /night be
The term "toast" has, however, ta
course of time developed from a par-
ticular into a general sense, and nowa-
days thes-e is' lindt to the number
of variety of different .toasts which
may be given, when men -drink togeth-
Wer,eeskalgy.s, a writLe.ri.inm'.Joph.n o' London's -
At any- formal' gathering the first
toast to be anemia is, of eourse, "The
King"; this loyal toast was not al-
ways. drunk so loyally some two hun-
dred. years ago, when supporters ot the
Stuatts would' secretly drink to "the ,
King across the water."
Macaulay tells ifs how the Jacob-
ites, in the time of WilIiate III., had a
•way of drinking treasonable healths
by, limpin.g about the room with glass-
es raised to their lips'.
Lime meaning :—L, /..,ouis the Four-
teenth; I, M, 'Starry of 'Modena;
P, Prince of Wales.
a -
The present-day custom of touching -
glasses originated when Prince
Charles fled to Fra.nce, after the fail-
ure.of hie, expedition in 1745. His -sup-
porters, It obliged in society to drink.
the Kinga ,health, aaeltly understood
that they drank not to King George,
but to "tae King overthe water," and
they expressed their real toast sym-
bolically. One glass would be pessea
over another, and later on the foot of
one glass was touched against the
rim of another.
Anothermethed of secretly drinking
this eonia,ntic toast was to hold the
wine-glese over the finger -bowl c,on-
tainieg water, and to this eeoret sign
is said to be dee the curious eustren
iti connection With royal visitore, be-
fore alone fln.ger-bowls are
Why We Shudder.
The bandy person who plunges into
a cold bath experienses. the same feel-
ing as hewho- shudders whe'n looking .
down from a great height. Shudder-
ing is caused when the brain receives
,abtarsuflyddceneassrseikManfueintchtteotlii.eoaPrtpnimeZienng- ,
lePea.irLfectly' orainery 'things make
some PeePle -ebadden Many PeoPle,
rill
thfoorbeirntsstanwcaes, eatx:aeri78'.enucneea: strange
when
they
ttIn°1 silk. InIA)thr'de
fperesenae of cats, and Shakespeare re.
es to certaili people Who "love not
a gapiug plg." Some yearif ago, too,
a num declared, to a magistrate that
avehenever yaw emolte issuing from
chimney it caused him to shudder
vi ol en tly.
Wood Durability.
Why are some woode 1110re durable
an °there? 'That is. a One,stion. which
s apparettey been answered for the
st lane by investigators at the for -
esti -vice laboratory at Madison, Wee -
nein, They leave fotind that woods
eucture contain stibetances that
hen extracted by water are. ,poison -
e to the booms ,61 baetcria and wood
straying fungi respotisible tor wood
cay, Tbese toxic substances are
ore abuedaet in the heartwe,od than
the parwOocl, expleireng the stmele-
dinabillty W000.taltee from that
a of the tree. The presence of
cge stabgtenties It the wood pro-
fits the groWth of the organising
ilea eneltecked, wetticl eapiale
stroy it acionce Service.
New Rubber Lairds, in
'Vriat traCts Of potential attibeagrow- di'
int; kinds hitve been teund 'in. the Pa'
Pleappiee laianda. Nitety per cent, tix
Of the woria's aipply of rubber is pro- '16
ducee bY British eolotate aed ether w)
fereige preducera o
l/erlee the last feet- yeara Britisa
ttheoplane,s Imve down More thee tiVe
Million milee and haVe etteriod 0,ti.
wards Of 80,000 pitSeeneeee, apatt fie
froth the transport tit Miele and °thee ite
100
Ce.nada's Water .Power.
The. 0141 teertitable Wititer potter In
met, Is .eatimittoci itt 18,060,000
reo.power larder eolittitions et Mini-
tel, lima of Which mere than 3,000-
horsopeiver is neiv- deeceoped,
;rreight,