HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Wingham Advance Times, 1927-08-04, Page 7leereee ,re
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104
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EFFECT OF ATJROR;A`BOREALIS.
ON CANADIAN RADIO
RECEPTION
"Does the aurora borealis when in
visible display interfere with redid
reception?" was a question directed
to A. R. McEwan, Director of Radii,
Canadian National Railways, .in an en-
deavor to reach solve', solution ' of a
problem which has caused a great
deal of discussion. Mr. McEwan was
approached 'because his department
has unusual opportunities for observ-
ing the manifestations of the "Nor-
thern Lights," and the effect of the
-phenomena on reception .apparatus.
During a period, of three years logs
have been prepared daily by operators
in charge' of receiving sets on Cana-
dian national trains, an average of;s o
such reports being filed each week
dealing with reception conditions
across Canada from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, this' material being obtain-.
ed from the performance of sets in-
stalled on the principal trainsof the
-Canadian National system.
Out of his Op personal experience,
amplified by theti\observations contain-
ed in the train radio logs, Mr. Mc -
Ewan ansevexed the question by say-
ing: •
"1?eriodiccycles of poor radio con-
ditions have occurred recently and the hill Hachilah in the wilderness of
no doubt the aurora display has been Ziph, southeast of Hebron.'
given a share of the blame by own- Saul in David's Power.
So David and Abishai came to the
people by night. 13y "the people" is
meant' Saul's army, which was, theor-
etically at least, a„ muster of all the
'people capable of bearing arms. And
behold, Saul lay sleeping within the
place of the wagons. Within a place,
supposed to be especially safe, in the
centre ,of the camp, surrounded by a
circle of the massed, baggage wagons
of the army. With his spear stuck,
in the ground at his head. The spear
served as a scepter,and was the sym-
bol of royalty. The king held . it in
his hand when he sat in council; it
was kept by his side when he sat at
table; stuck in the ground by his pil-
low as he slept in camp. And Abner
and the people lay round about him.
Saul was prptected by his entire
army. Abner was Saul's first cousin
and the general of his army.
Then said Abishai to David, God
hath delivered up thine enemy into
thy hand this day. This is what Saul
said the first time David spared his
life. Abishai was an experienced sol-
dier, and he lane, that without di-
vine . aid he and David could never
have reached the point in the heart
`United States during periods when of Saul's camp where they found
the aurora was particularly brilliant. themselves. Now therefore let me
WXNGI AM'"ADVANCE-TIME$
of the Ileavyside layer seems to af-
feet the transmission of radio fre-
quency waves."
The coneltysions to be drawn front,
the foregoing .are that while the Aur-
ora cannot be said to actually affect
radio transmission and reception, at
the same time this phenomena is at
times the visible sign of other causes
which do affect radio, and, therefore,
there is a certain relation betweeri
them,
SUNDAY AFTERNOON
August ryth
DAVID SPARES SAUL—x Sam, 2(i,
Ul'olden Test --Be not overcome of ev-
il, but overcome evil , with. good.
—Rom. 12:27:.
The Lesson in its Settings.
Time.—David spares Saul's life' the
first time, B.C, 1066; the second time,
B.C. 1065. Many scholars believe that
we have in the Bible two varying ac-
counts of what was really a;;single
occurrence. The following notes take.
the view that they are two events,
sufficiently differentiated in the Bible
accounts.
Place.—:The first sparing of Saul's
life, at En-gedi. halfway up the west
shore of the Dead Sea; the second at
ers of radio receiving sets. Canada.
being closer to the magnetic pole
than most countries offers greater op-
portunity for the study of this effect
on radio transmission. These Nor-
thern Lights are believed to be due
to clouds of electrons shot off from
the sun,, causing ionization in the rare
upper atmosphere. The aurora is
'generally accompanied by large dis-
turbing currents on the earth's sur-
face effecting land telegraph lines and
ocean cables which use the earth as
a return path. These wandering our-
rents 'appear to be of low frequency
and, therefore, would not directly af-
fect radio reception, such as in the
case of static. '
"There is on record at the head-
quarters of the radio department of
the Canadian National Railways, a
letter from the Federal Government
agent at Fort Smith;,situated on the
Athabasca at the northern boundary
of Alberta and the Northwest Terri-
tory, to the effect that on more that,
oneoccasion he had splendid recep-
tion at that point from CNRA
(Moncton, N.B.); CNRO (Ottawa)
and other stations in Canada and the
they gat them away. They must have
stepped with great care among that
throng of sleeping warriors. And no,
man saw it, nor knew it, neither did.
any awake. There must have been
many in the army, among those pass-
ed by the two, who were naturally
light sleepers, ready to start up at the
snapping of a twig or the rattle of a
dry leaf. For they were all aslleep, be..
cause a deep sleep from Jehovah was
fallen, upon them. The success of the
two in their approach and retreat
could he accounted for in PO other
way.
Then David went over to the other
side, and stood on the top of the
mountain afar off; a great space being
between them. Evidently Saul's army
was on e plateau or a hill facing a ra-
vine, and David descended the ravine
and climbed up on the other side,
placing the gorge between himself'
and the king.
And David cried to the people, and
to Abner the son of Ner, saying, Axi-
iswnest thou not, Abner? David
shouted so loudly that the entire
army could hear him, but he address-
ed only the general of the army; of
course he wanted all to hear, and es-
pecially Saul. Then Abner answered
and said, Who art thou that criest to
the king?
And. Saul knew David's voice. He
had good reason to know it, for that
voice had often pierced through the
clouds of Saul's moody madness, and
brought the clear sunshine to his
darkened mind. And said, is this thy.
voice, my son David? Saul had been
as a father to David, and indeed he.
was David's father-in-law, though he
had sent David away from his home
and from IVlichal, his beloved wife.
At the sound of David's voice, old
memories revived, and Saul's former
affection for .David came back in a
flood upon his easily shifting mind.'
surance of his loyalty.
Then said Saul, I -have sinned. Da-
vid, with all the. eloquence of his na-
tural gift, enhanced by the deep feel-
ing inspired by the occasion, had
pleaded, with the king for a", return
to his former kindness. Return, my
son David; for I will no more do thee
harm. Return to the camp and then
to the court; return to your wife and
6 your positipn as my son-in-law—
an invitation which Saul emphasizes
by again calling him "my son David.
Because my life was precious in thine
eyes this day. Saul was quick to per-
ceive what had happened, the more
because it was essentially a repetition
of what had occurred before. Behold,
I have played the fool, and have erred
exceedingly.
:ave You Tried
* e�
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"This testimony coming from a I smite hilt, I pray thee, with the spear
point where there are no local dis- Ito the earth at one stroke. When. Da-
turbances of interference, is of some ,yid, during Absolom's rebellion, was
interest in the general discussion• re -Ion his sorrowful retreat from Jerusa-
garding such phenomena on broad- lem and the vile Shimei was hurling
casting and the reception at distant
places.
"One man who should knew the, ef-
fect of the Northern Lights on radio
is Donald McMillan who passed right.
under the aurora display during his
trip to the Arctic and reported that
it had no effect on. static.
"Referring again to cycles of poor
radio reception, the theory has been
advanced that abnormally large dis-
turbances on the sun have been ac-
companied by violent expulsions of
tremendous clouds of electrons. In
order to understand how radio chan-
nels may be affected when these ex-
tra
xtra electrons are shot off from the
sun, we must first take into consid-
eration the theory devised by the
late Oliver Heavyside, This theory
assumes that should a person ascend
through the earth's atmosphere he
would eventually reach a point at
which the atmospheric pressure is so
slight that the gas becomes a good
conductor of electricity, hence a good
reflector of radio waves.
"Thus we can consider the earth
as being surrounded by a reflecting
medium. Near the earth is more air,
which is a conductor in the daytime
and an insulator during the night,
because during the daytime the son's
rays ionize the air. The reflecting
medium can then be considerably
downward, or as being nearer the
earth's surface during the daytime
than, it is at night, for after the sun
sets deionization occurs in all the
lower atmosphere and there is left
the upper layer, or shell, surrounding
the earth. Heavyside then assumes
that radio waves glide along the in-
side of this shell for great distances
with very little loss. The irregulari-
ties of reception are accounted for by
the changes in the Heavyside layer.
Changes in signal strength at a given
point are accounted for in this way,
"Probably the best indication _we.
have `of the existence of this so-called
Heavyside layer is the aurora boreal-
is display. This display,' as observed.
by the inclividual,• may be merely an
indication that the Fleavyside layers
or eiectrott-charged ' atmosphere, a
hundred or more miles above the
earth's
surface really exists.At any
rate, whether the aurora borealis a15�
pears or not, the electrical Condition
curses and taunts upon him, Abishai
asked permission to go and cut off
his head. Then again David quieted
him and refused to allow such a re-
venge to be taken. And I will not
smite him the second time. That is,
one spear thrust would be enough,
he would not need a second stroke to
kill him.
David's Mercy and Wisdom.
And. David said to Abishai, Destroy
him not. 'For who can put forth his
hand against Jehovah's anointed,. and
be guiltless? David himself, as well
as Saul, was the Lord's anointed. Da-
vid felt keenly the sanctity of the high
calling into which he had been ad-
witted, and knew well that he could
afford to wait long for the throne
rather than diminish its authority and
sacredness by an act of violence
against it.
And David said, as Jehovah liveth,
Jehoyah will smite hint. "God is not
dead;" said David, in effect. 'feho-
vah does not need our help to punish
the guilty. Vengeance is the Lord's,
and Ile will repay." Or his day shall
come to die. Saul was by no means
an old man, but he was older than
David and would probably die before
him. Or he shall go down into battle,
and ^pierish. David had seen many
men die in battle; and tlibugh the per-
son of the king was shielded as much
as possible, yet it was the custom for
monarchs to lead their armies in per-
son, and a seasoned warrior like Saul
would often find himself in the thick
of the fray; where his identity would
soon .beknown and the attack would
focus upon him, or where a chance
arrow or javelinmightfind his heart.
Jehovah forbid that I ,,should put.
forth my hand against Jehovah's an-
oirtted, This double reference to Je-
hovah shows what was uppermost in
David's reverent wind -not consider-
ations of worldly policy, though these
coincided with his decision, but the
religious motive, a glad surrender of
the whole matter into the hands of
God. But now take, I pray thee, the
spear that is at his head. Taking this
symbol of royal :autlaority'Would be a
token ofpower ower; to .capture the king
himself.
And the cruse of water, and
let us go. The cruse was a small jar,.
" took the sear and the
So David p'
cruse of water front Saul's head; acrd
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•
,,Canadian Wealth Goes Up in Smoke
Left—Right-of-Way near Alberni, B.C. Right; Motoring among the Big Timbers. (Inset) -Farm clearing on Vancouver Island
lessness of a camper, and could have been prevented
had he stopped for a minute or two and thrown a few
pails of water on the smouldering embers. They
camper who fails to take this slight precaution is
guilty of a great crime against his country.
The introduction of aeroplanes into the fire patrol
work in the north is proving of inestimable value to
the country. The great advance that has been made
in forest fire fighting today is through the fact that
fire -detection and fire -suppression have been separated
through the use of the scout planes. Formerly there
could scarcely be a : division of labor. Rangers were
assigned to long beats which might take a fortnight
to cover, who patrolled these singly or in two as cir-
cumstances warranted. It will thus be seen how
limited would be the protection thus afforded for if
the ranger dseovered a fire too large for one man to
handle it might talee a week for him to communicate
with headquarters for help.
The Canadian Pacific Railway Company have paid
special attention to this, serious question and hava
adopted most up-to-date fife fighting apparatus. Tn
order to eliminate fires along their lines through
sparks frons engines, the right of ways are carefully
cleared of anything inflammable, such as long grass
and underbrush During the passage of the com-
pany's trains through; the mountain regions where the
forests are heavy, oil -burning engines are used, thus
entirely eliminating the danger of fires.
The mechanical equipment maintained at convenient
points by . the C.P.R. consists' of a number of tank
ear units and hose. Each unit consists of two ears
with a eapaeity of 7;000 gallons each, equipped with
powerful pumps and about a utile of hose.
Through the co-operation of the railway with the.
various provineial forces many serious fires have
been prevented, resulting in an enormous saving c
Cariadiz ixt natural wealth.
The forest fire situation in Canada during 1926
again proved a very serious one. Indifference,
ignorance and carelessness, and other malevolent
forces meant a total loss and gross damage to Canada
last year estimated at $1,468,343. Since the exploita-
tion of Canadian forests first began it is estimated
that from four to five times ,the amount of timber
actually used has been burned through forest fires.
When it is realized that the forests are the second
greatest source of wealth, agriculture being first, the
waste from forest fires each year can only be likened
to the damage done, if four-fifths of Canada's great
field cropswere destroyed each year.
Forest week has been observed this year in
Canada from April 25 to 30, coming in the middle of
the season when forest fires are often most serious.
Perhaps the greatest offenders against thenational
wealth of the country during ,the summer and fall
months are a great army of tourists and campers
which invades the woods from the Pacific to the
Atlantic every year:
"Stop 1 Before You Go, See that Your Fire is
Out." Warnings worded something to that effect
have been posted generously throughout the northern
woods, especially in Ontario, and of the thousands of
campers there are none who aro not familiar with the
bright yellow placard and its warning. Yet a good
de-
plorable number of tourists who call themselves g
campers apparently think that, such signs have been
postedby the fire rangers Merely to point out a good
portage. ry vs'
rind cigarette stubs and, above
'Burning cigar ends'and
all, the little camp fire that doesn't look as theugh
it could do a bit Of harm in the world, are the edits
of great fires throughout the northern wands that
stoat a' loss of millions annually to Canada.
It has been proved that some of the worst forest
43.;As vm ?ew stashed by soma apparently petty Carer