HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1927-09-01, Page 2Crown Gall
greater than when the fertilizer was frau the Division of the Farms syr- I
applied earlier in the season. Straw- tem.
berry growers aro advised " to apply Dates of pigging Potatoes for Seed
about 250 pounds,peracre of nitrate An interesting experiment with the'
of soda or ammonium sulphate about object of determining if the stage' of
September 15, and, If the soil is lack- maturity of potatoes when dug has an
Iing.In nitrogen, about halt that quan influence` on the yielding ability of the
Crown gall' is often very severe on tity might also be applied just before seed has been made on the Fred'eric-
stone fruits, :easpberrles end black- blcoming"time, ton, New Brunswicic,.Expei•imntal Sta-
berries. It attacks' apple trees, but' tion, Orem Mountain potatoes plant
Influence of Feeding Methods on Type
net as a, rale inti , erious way. It is ed on lacy 16, 1025, were dug ''on.
paaticularly severe in root -grafter in Hogs
• IAugust 17, and on September 30, In
Pact An experiment was recenll under 1926' the seed do early produced at
' y ,g 7
nursery stock on account of the
that galls are very commonly essociat- taken at the Fredericto•tt, New Brune- the rate of 313 bushel's of marketable
ed with the callus formations which wick, Exprimental Station with the ob' potatos per acre and that dug lata 270
a'esult from root grafting. It is gen- jest of Securing data en the influence bushels, per acre. In a similar experi-
eraily manifest asfswellings or tumor -of feeding methods on type in huge. ment in the Previous' year the Green
like galls' on the crown ,and under- The pigs used in the experiment were Mountains dug early eiso erode -0%1.a
ground 'pelts of •the plant, although 'divided into three lots. one • lot was better 'crop than those dug' late but
times it manifests, itself as :hairy root. they could consume, anathea Sot wad bus'hele per acre.
mondatiops ase made in a -circular on tion, about one-half that of the hop.
P Fri Trees and small " Per -fed group,until the finishing Baked Pears 'Throughout the.
"Crown Gallo Fruit pe
Fruits,"' distributed by the Pu'blica- period when they were put on a full ' year
tions Branch, Department of Agricul- : ration. The results of the expert- I eerh'en canning pears'for the winter
tura; Ottawa. In, the first plaoe nur- waning to slaughter is not a, practical try this Nee. Pick out firm pears
rely stock'of any kind. that sho'wa•. merit tend to show that the self -feeder that are email enough to go into the
the presence of crown gall 'should or hopper method of feeding from 'jars without being cut. These pears
never be used. Injuries to root and' method where the production of select, should not bo peeled, Bali them till
crown muse be avoided as it is main- I bacon hogs ie the objective. ' If used, ,they Dart easily be eleresd with a
Sy through wounds that the causal the self -feeder. or hopper should be
silver Pork, but do not break the skin
organisms gain an entrance to the ; confined to the short finishing period. any more than can be helped., When
plant, Trees, unhealthy because of.It was' also shown that a too scant done place the pears'
aerial galls are 'ot uncommon. At hopper -fed with access: to ell the feed the difference was only about 15
l i' ra_
tri- -f f htl- receivin 'a defy
As' to its control, the following i•eco I pail ed, 1 g y, g
crown gall, should be recover: When ration in the early stage's, up to four
the soil has become infested with and a half months, tends to stunt
crown gall bacteria it should be crop- development. Extremes in feeding,
ped for at least thteo years to oorn,- either very navy or vey light feeding,
oats, wheat, etc., which are not sus- `during the first four or five months,
aro undesirable. •
Making Fruit Jam
For home -make fruit jam it is al-
to the marl deposits• sdattered here ways best to select fresh, slightly un -
and there throughout the country, says der -ripe 'fruit. At least one half of
the Dominion Chemist in his latest re- the quantltyt should' be slightly under
port. Marl consists of carbonate of ripe 1n order to insure' a sufficient
lime mixed with 'carying amounts of amount of pectin to give a jelly-like
clay, sand or other inert material." consistency to the finished product. 'A
Some marl, are almost pure carbonate i new bulletin of the Dominion Depart-
of
epart
of line, and when there' is 80 to 90 per -went of Agriculture, on'Preserving
cent. o•f that Ingredient It may be ,con-
Metered. of good average quality.
Macri may be need in both' heavy
clap and light sandy Roams and is
especially valuate on the former. As
a supplier of lime it corrects acidity
or sourness, furnishes an element for flavor. Jam should always be coolc-
pl'aut nutrition and promotes nitrifies- ed in a porcelain -lined vessel and
ten thus making available the soil's stirred constantly with a wooden
stare of inert nitrogen. Full advan speen or padvlie to prevent scorching.
tage ehcuid be takeu of this cheap and A pound of sugar to a pound of fruit
settefarlory 0)u000 or lime. es:pecial':y is the handy inoportiou long used, but
where the die -melts occur In the neigh- very good results are obtained from
bori7cad of the farm. Cana quality using three-fourths of a pound of
marl may be recognized by lie fact sugar to tech pound of fruit, The
that it givre a. brisk efferveaence on bulletin contains recipes, not only for
the addition of a ft'w drop's of strong fruit jams, but for jellies, marmalades,
vinegar or weak acid. fruit peel, pickles, etc.
Composting Peat and Muck Expert Agricultural Information
ceptible to the disease.
Liming Soils With Marl
Increased attention le being. directed
Fruits and Vegetables in the Home
gives' full Instructions for making all
kinds of jams. It is pointed out that
cooking in small quantities is always
advisable, as the fruit is cooked more
rapidly and thus retain its color and
Peat and muck properly composted
with barnyard manure make valuable
dressing for both elay teems and
sandy imams, and furnish an increased
bulls of geed manure which is greatly
to be desired on farms of low utility
Lord Bacon is recorded as saying
that reading maketh e, full man. "That
being so, the farmers of Canada have
every opportunity to become such•.
Every provincial government and
every agricultural college issues its
and on which the supply of manure Is quota of publication annually In addle
meetly limited,. The Dominion lien to the targe number published
Chemist, 1n vl set::sing in lite Iatest from the Department at Ottawa. Dur -
report the ec•mpo.=IM:on and fertiliz- ing the past year tate Experimental
ing propertes of Leese matarals, gives' farm system alone was responsible for
instructions for composting them with , thirteen bulletins, seven pamphlets,
manure. Sufficient manure to set up ee.ven circulars and four special publl-
active terment aticn In the peak and erelong, making a total of 31. The bul-
,mucic should be need to bring about letins referred to the cultivation of
the deeompcsiliou of the latter. One tobacco, to the raising of sheep and
method of constructing a compost swine in Central Alberta, to the pre -
heap is to spread the peat on muck on valence of plant diseases, to crop rota -
the ground to a depth of 1 to il/a feet, : tion and soil management in Eastern
making the width of the heap about' Canada, to 'wintering bees, tie preserv-
8 to 10 feet an'd the length aocording ing fruit anvi vegetables in the homes,
to the size desired. Cover this with a1tee genera of seed potatoes, the culti-
layer' of manure from 8 to 12 Inches vation of the strawberry, to Garnet
thick, and continue with alternate lay -I wheat, and gave standard descriptions
ors of peat or muck and manure until of beets ud carrots. The pamphlets,
ilio heap is from 4 to 5 feet high: The deals with fall litters, raspberry dis-
beep should be kept moist with liquid I eases, fleshy annual pastures, breeding
znan'are or water but not saturated, and feeding the market hog, producing
and after a few weeks should be fork -1 clean milk, legume inoculation and
ed over, repeating the operation about apple scab, The circulars referred
once a month iia' three or four months to household preservation of eggs,
when the compost should be in excel- mushroom culture, feeding dairy eat -
lent condition for application to tee tie, white pine blister rust, tobacco
Soil. i varieties suitable to Quebec, the (held
Instead of using raw peat or muck I carrot In Quebec, and growing alfalfa
for composting the material should on range land In Saskatchewan and
be dug in the tail. piled, and allowed Alberta, The special publictions,
to remain expected to the action of the
air and frost throughout the winter, if
passible.
Fertilizing Strawberries
Experiments in fertilizing strawber-
ries, made in recent years at tate Cen-
tral Farm, at Ottawa, and reported in
the nnual report of the Dominion
Horticulturist, show that when the
fertilizer was applied aboiit the mid-
dle of September, the yield of the
crop tit fallowing year was 25 per eent.
which like all the others can be bad
free on application to the Publication
Branch, Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa, were a guide to the projects
of the Dominion Departmental farms,
the story of the experimental farms, a
treatise on mushrooms and toadstools,
and why alfalfa should be grown and
howl' to grow It. To'all these were ad-
ded reports' for the year from every
one of the thirty branch farms, sta-
tions and substations, and of course
in jars and seal.
When opened for use drain them in a
sieve. While they drain add to the
juice half a cupful of sugar and boll
for a few minutes•. Put the pears' in
a baking dish and pour the hot syrup
over them. Set in the oven and bake
'till they are 'slightly brown. Serve
with whipped cream. They,are deliei-
'aM --Quinces can be prepared in the
same way.
A SMARTLY SIMPLE • FROCK.
Charmingly youthful is the chic
frock shown here. The flared dealt is
joined to the scalloped bodice having
short kimono sleeves, or long sleeves
gathered to wristbands, a convertible
collar, and tie slipped through slots
at front," No. 1629 is for Misses• and
Small Women and is in sizes 16, 18
and 20 years. View A, size 18 (36
bust) requires 3',it yards 39 -inch
e'triped maborihl, and lMa yards 39-
in'eh plain. Price 20c the pattern,
Our Fashion Book, illustrating the
should posses this wisdom, •an'd this I �r L
School should', therefore,. be the 'aim and end
H.
of all rightly directed' education, 'en.
II. 'rH-IE GIFTS OF.eon. 10-15. IL
lants
To the young king who asked for For a number of years I have set
wisdom God' ptonu•ses in his -dream a all myplants: in the fall, and find the.
wise !and understanding heart, and results far superior to erring setting,
also that f�az tthich. he did not ask, tailing everything into consideration;
but no do'nbt greatly desired, both .
September 4., '.' Lesson X—Solomon's honor. i I. wish - to' add, n however, that I am
Priches and. .Such gifts, it is
Wise. Choice -1 Kings 3:::4-15. true, do not :alwaysfollotiv the wisesPealting ofa family burry Patch, and
Golden Text—Happy la the man that choice The `writer 'o$ Eceeesiastes . not a commercial one. I tient( it
-linden wisdom, and the man that tells us of a poor wise man who by would bo too big a job to sot a cora-
getteth understanding, --Prov. 3: 13, his wiodem delivered his cilty, from.a merclal patch in fall,
great danger; yet no maxi rot- I As soon as'the picking season is
ANALYSIS; bered^that same. " over, I thoroughly cultivate and hoe
poor :roan. In Psalm
73 is preronted the case of a good aground the plants in the part of the
man sorely tempted, because, he stay's, patch,from which I wish, to take the
"all the day long have I been, plagued, >i ut for ottin a now bed. This is
'Solomon received a better and, anal chastened eyerY morning." ¥et ion e stimulate the new plants for
that n this good man dioieovered that he had a to s
more careful education, and traningja xator` osse�afan far than "the resetting. I also prepare the new
than the older sons -of David, Their •• . g P by
rich whom he had envied, vs.'23-26. Place so as to have it in goo& cultural
early 'life was spent .m the polled of I In the highest end truest sense, God's condition and well fertilized, by the
David's wars; and 'their education' best' gifts come to bhe man who makes' middle of August. This 'new place
may have been largely that of the,
camp andlthe battlefield, Solosnon'slthe wise choice. Co'mpaxe the words may have boon where I had early
of Jesus in. Matthew 6:3$. crops such as peas and potatoes.
youth belonged to the later a Ars of Solenlon'z ambition, therefore, at
camparaher peace arta 's a . I the r i hie i at • If the weather is fit I take up all
e begmnz?ig of hie reign; was h
His mother' was the Mg's favorite; he ,might have ,wisdom to rule his the planta 1. need about the middle of
whae, :and she received his ,promise people well. That is the meaning of Falgust and sort out the best rooted
that her son should succeed hint upon :ptyords in v. 11,understanding to ones. I trim cif. the surplus• leaves
the .throne. Ths, ftilflwilen of than el:isoern judgment. The lci�ng's chief itrul runners, and ;also clip the roots
plaid's she•-'dlaimed .when two af, fu'netion al those days was the ad,. to an even length so that they will not
I?avtda oldest and most faithful ministration of justice, according' to! double back when planting, Plants
bos, Jaab' and' A'baathar, compered a the established ,laws :and usages. The'; are packed reasonably .close together
o have another and older ran. p'ro- story that follows our lesson, in this
In a shallow box having a few inches
claimed king: This other son, Adan.- chapter,'•shows; how, on oocafi�on, ,h'e bottom. This
of moist round in
wjah, had 1•ndulged his, ambition in an was :able to solve a d3fflcult problem g
affectation of royal state, .for `which of justice, by. the application of is set in the shade .and kept moist and
he had not been rebuked bay hies shrewd commonsense, and a knowl- ready. In a few clays little white
father, 1:5-6. He was also a very edge of human nature. roots begin to appear.
The ground must . be moist when'
planting. At least moist enough so
that the earth does not crumble and
fill up. the hole. ,Therefore, I like to
wait until- we have • had a good rain.
If the ground is moist at the tints the
Plants are dug, it is not necessary to,
set them aside in the box.
When planting I. set two rows ten
Inches apart, and the third sixteen
inches apart, so that there is a wide
space of sixteen inches between every
two rows. The plants are. set four to
five • inches apart in the row. - I use
this method of setting because the
fall -set plants do not make runners,
but use their strength to develop fruit-
ing crowns, and the wide space in
every two rows gives me a chance to
pick them.
For planting I use a common cone
puncher covered with "a steel over -
cone. In the caro of my strawberries
I use three tools—a garden cultivator
for the sixteen -inch space, a potato
hook for the ton -inch space, and a
small single Boole with a long handle
unday School
J
Lesson
L THE WISE •CHOICE, 4-9,
II. THE GIFTS'. OF GOD 10-15.
INTROnCC'1'ION—It i•5' quite puss
ibis
goodly man," the historian says, and
probably very much more of a eu?�dier•
than was Solomon. For that reason,.
it may be, Joab favored' him.
David's last charge to Solomon con-
tained some .wise counsels: Be thou:
strong—iced:show thyself a man, and
keep the charge of the %Lord thy God,
to walk in hie ways. Had Solomon
takeniis�e counsel's to heart and pre-
served the high motives and purposes
of his earlier years, the story of his
reign might have been vary `different.
1. THE WISE CHOICE, 4-9.
Gi'beon was a small town situated
on a terraced rocky hill about six to write down for the benefit of read -
miles northwest of Jerusalem, and ers. He was scrapping the machine,
which had passed its day of useful-
ness, and saving all parts that might
come in handy at some futtire time.
Finally, he took me to a near -by shed
and showed muftis useful scrap heap.
It seems that any machinethathad
been worn out on the farm was im-
mediately dismantled, and everything
that might be useful was saved. There
were momer parts,,'' horse rake teeth,
parts of wagons, and even a good
many parts of an 'old Ford car. All. for hoeing between plants.
the parts were neatly piled, sorted as I find that fall-setplants are easier
to size, and the bolts, rivets and to handle, produce Larger bearings
screws placed in boxes: (Even some which ripen a little earlier than those
of the wood parts of the wagons had on spring -sot plants, and they are less
been saved. Ile confessed that he infested with insects and diseases be -
often visited auctions and purchased cause they were put on newly -pre -
C., in accordance with the law in Deu- I old machines, just for the chance of pared ground, Alpo, one sen get a
terossomy (chap. 12), and because of dismantling them. Old harnesses spring crop off the ground before set-
ting the plants..
Useful Scrap
One day last summer (it was an.
overcast day after haying had been
completed),' 3 stopped at a farm to'
call upon an old friend I had not seen
for several years. "You will find him'
out back of the barn," said Mrs. W—,
in answer to my inquiry. I went out
back and found Bill hard at work up
on • an old'mower. This is what he
was doing:' I thought It good enough
not far from Gi'beah, Saul's eaely
home. It was a little to the north of
Mizpeh and west of Raman, both
places famous in early Israelite his-
tory. "For that,"say's the' historian,
"was the great high place." He has
just explained, in vs. 2, that "bhe
people sacrificed in high places, be-
cause there was no house built unto
the name of the Lord until those
days," The high places were the' an-
cient sanctuaries, used by the Israel-
ites since the days of Joshua, of which
some had been Canaanite places of
worship. These had been consecrated
to the worship of Jehovah, and the
free use of them was permitted by the
oldest laws and customs, see Exod.
20:24. They were all done away with
by Joe.ah in the seventh century, B.
the corruption of many of them by
idolatrous practices. The writer, or
editor, of this part of the history,
who lived as late as the time of Josi-
ah, finds it' necessary, therefore, to
apologize for Kin Solomon's visit to
this important high place, and to' show
that it was in harmony wpth: theprac-
tice of those early days.
There at Gtbeon, Solomon celebrat-
ed' his accession to the throne of his
father by a great religious ceremony.
The place was to him and to bis .peo-
ple peculiarly sacred because, so
the writer of the books of Chronicles
tells us, "there was the tent of meet-
ing of God, which Moses the servant
of the Lord had trade in the wilder -
worth saying.
nese. There also was the altar, of
brass which had been made for the
wild•ernes9 sanctuary, see 2 Gluon.
1:1-6, and Exod- 27:1-2.
God spoke to Solomon in a dream.
Not infrequently in the Old Testa-
ment stoiy did God thus reveal him-
self, as, for example, to Jacob (Gen.
were there, also, the strap and parts
carefully separated, oiled and hung
up.
"What use do you find for all of this
junk?" I asked. "Well, there is
scarcely a day but I find something
useful, and the neighbors come to me,
too," he replied. "I often sell a part
for what it costs me to buy the whole
machine at auction. All the scrap.
iron is sold to the junk man, anyway."
Here is an idea that many farmers
could follow with profit. Too often
the old ,machine Is allowed to sit out
under a tree until it is completely
ruined. It is true that many parts are
Use for Small Discarded
Table
A. small but strong table or a stand,
31:11 and to Pharaoh, through Jo -Perhaps formerly a bedside table or
newest'and most practical styles, will )+used for holding a baby's basket, but
be of interest to every home dress- se o a interpretation (Gen. 41;23) no longer needed, may be put to other
See also Num. 12:6; Job 4:12-13 an'd.
maker. Price of the book 10 cents 33:14-16, good use.
the copy. Saw off enough of the lower part
to make the top the right height for a
'dressing'tabie seat or for use as
a low etool. If there happens to be
e. drawer directly under the top, that
'really will add to its usefulness. The
top may be left plata or it may be pad-
ded with cotton and covered with
•cretonne tacked down over it. I1 .re-
painting or re -staining is neaeseary,"
it 'should be made' to snatch or har-
monize with the other furniture in the
room.
1
The news. that American motorists
pay about $1,000,000 a day in gasoline
taxes alone moves one to wonder
between cod and bad. The ideal what all this money would be used for
stiff workouts "preceding champion- cern be w g were there no automobiles.
ships. for a eelfegoverning people is that all
The words great mercy -(v. 6)
should be rendered "great -kindness,'
as in the latter part of the verse.
Compare David's recognition of God's
goodness to him in 2 Sam. 22:17-28.
See also Psalm 15:2. Solomon's deep
sincerity is evident in his acknowl-
edgement of meed. "I am but a Little
child," bee says. He feels the respon-
sibility which rests now upon hint in
the position to which God has called
hien, and he asks, not for wealth, nor
for power, but for an understanding
heart, or, as. in Chronicles, "wisdom
and knowledge, that I may' go out and
come in before this people."
For such a task, the task of ruling
and exercising judgment, the highest
wisdom is needed, bhe wisdom to die -
HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS.
Write ycur name and address plain-
ly, giving number and size of such
patterns as you want. Enclose 20c'' in
stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap
it carefully) for each number and
address your order to Pattern Dept.,
Wilson Publishing Co„ 73 West Ade-
laide St, Toronto. Patterns sent by
return mail.
A' town :in Minnesota held a lawn-,
mowing contest. Should similar con-
tests prove popular • many suburban-
ites may be glad to furnish contest-
ants with mswere and grounds for
Creole Omelette
Peel and 'chop 6 ripe tomatoes (or
canoed ones), adding some of the
juice. Add two small chopped onions,
1 garlic clove, soraped, 1 level table-
spoonfuls of bread crumbs, 'salt, pep-
per, one level •teaapoonful of sugar.
'Let all simmer until thick. When
nearly done, beat 6 eggs, yolks and
whites separately. Add 5 tablespoon-
'fuls of water, half a shoe of bread
soaked to a pulp in water, salt and
pepper. Fry the egg mixture on one
gide only, Wten it'sets, pour the
hot tomato sauce over it, fold the
,omelet, and cookthree taiutes longer,
Roll out onto a hot platter and serve
very' hot. The recipe score's• G per-
sons, and makes an especially nice
snpit'er dish,
No Strings To .t.
' You're giving me this banjo for
keeps, aren't you?"
"Of course. Why do you ask?"
"I see there's_ no strings to .it."
"Mother Knows Best," .is the title
o fa new novel by a famous authoress,
Father thinks—but that is another
story,
M
Jeff's. Twin Brother, Julius, Drops. Into Town for a Visit.
Children's Reading
So much depends on what is read in
tate formative years that it 13 impos
sable to give "too much cars and
thought to the influences to which the
child is subjected in literature. But
for the maximum of good to result
from the oversight of parents ':anti
teachers in this respect it is import.
ant not to forgetthat a book which
intere's,ts' a child' .ait one point of Ma
readieg'career may fail 1 l; grip him at
another.
A definite succession of , clearly
marked stages may be traced in con-
nection'with the leading interests of
the child. Before the age of live the
infant does not normally read for him-
self but he loves to listen to nursery
rhymes, and simple fairy and nature
stories. Ho likes to attribute human
significance to the doings of living
creatureson land and in water and to
project 'himself Into imaginary con.
vorsations between the various ab.(
jade in his natural surroundings.
During the next two years the first
attempts at actual reading take place.
He still enjoys fairy stories, but `hie
now likes his nature stories to inolud'e
aocounts' of actual adventures of
familiar .anlmale and pets. By the
go of . eight he combines a more in-
tense fondness' of the fanciful element,
and' a keener interst in tales of the
actual habits and doings of animals
with a desire to read about other chil-
dren and other lands.
A long step forward takes place
between eight and ten. The child
now begins to read longer books, to
bee= absorbd in them, and to elev-
ate reading to the level of a prime in -
trate The books in demand will now
include a stories' of historical characters:
Differences begin to manifest "them-
selves between the reading tastes ob
boys, and girls., Girl's tend to pre-
serve to a later stage the liking for
fairy .stonles,,while boye begin to
choose adventure storles.
By the age of: eleven, with its wider
outlook and greater experience, the
•child 'becomes' a reader, and taolclell
all kinds••"of literature within his limits
of difficulty. Interest in nature stories
loses its keenness, wt•il'e books deal-
ing with. travel and ineeation become'
popular,' Childra begin now to want -
their own books. They take a prtde
in their Possession, and will lend and
borrow, Between the ages of 11 and
13 occur ti±; reading years' when al-
most everything is fish that cemes to
the net. At this age reading becomes
with many children a predominant in- ea
tercet. They especially like banes
of mystery, inventic,i, ocb;'l, stories,
heroic adventures end the weird.
Girls like at this age what are describ-
ed as boys' books, but they show a ,
marked tendency,' too, to read cede
mental sto'ri'es.
This stage a is followed, at 14, by an
interest in- periodicals and in litera-
ture dealing with hobbles' and nterests,
The desire for fiction loses some of 'ae•
its intensity. For the boy books and
articles "w'h'ich help him to make
things, or to keep pets become popu-
lar. Girls are absorbed in sentimen-
tal literature, and an interest • in
poetry develops: at this ager
Parents are often perplexed by an
unaccountabl dropping" off, of interest
in reading on the part of their children
between the ages of 14 and 16. But
this is a normal stage and one which t
is•explained by the enlargement of the
scope of activity and interest which
taks place at that age. They become
occupied with the world around them,
1 the higher stages of school life, the
initial stages of industry, . sports,
Juvenile clubs, companions and cur-
rent events. In their preoccupation
with the world of reality they lose in-
terest In the world of books. Mrny
young folk drop tb'eir reading at this
age for the want oi' tactful guidance
on the part of someone who under-
stands their needs. If, however, the
love of reading survives' this stage, It
becomes firmly- fixed and remains a
source of stimulus, delight and solace.
The aim of the parent and teacher
at every etage should be not to thwart
Ur natural interests which the child.
displays, but to melte uea of them and
guide them aright, At the stage
when adventure is the child's rube'*
interest and he is in danger of becom-
ing addicted to the trashy and cheap
Periodicals which are published to sup-
ply this want, he should be introduced
bo Ballantyne, Marryat and R. L. Stev-
enson. Similarly with every stage
through which he passes. If the
best of each type of literaturebe
put in his ivay, he will be more likelier,,.
to levet° his taste while satisfying
MD desire. Even the clad who seems
to prier outdoor life, nature study, or
other active occupations need not be
allowed to escape from the influence
of literature. Hie understanding and.
enjoyment of nature will, be enha c
by Gilbert White; and for very''..
tivity into whichhe may enter is a
1ihrary. of books to which he may pro
fit bl b introduced
book is cne tb'at is beet met by the
pl,pply of literature of i.bm boatel kind.
The'gaail win drive out the bad—pro-
vided' it, is there in. plenty and at the
right mom sntr _Chrletiau Sciez:ce
Monitor. •
When one tecalli the headline in
puny newspapers, regarding the recent
alleged `failure" at Geneva it is. 11
laminating to read the •comment of Sir
Laming WottbingLon-Evans, British'
Secretary of War, just. made in regard
to the results of the con100000e.:l�ar
tram -being a failure, ho said, the
Geneva Conference L:ay prove to be
the first atop toward a (incl agree'
1 mewl. -
a y e
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Children's Reading
So much depends on what is read in
tate formative years that it 13 impos
sable to give "too much cars and
thought to the influences to which the
child is subjected in literature. But
for the maximum of good to result
from the oversight of parents ':anti
teachers in this respect it is import.
ant not to forgetthat a book which
intere's,ts' a child' .ait one point of Ma
readieg'career may fail 1 l; grip him at
another.
A definite succession of , clearly
marked stages may be traced in con-
nection'with the leading interests of
the child. Before the age of live the
infant does not normally read for him-
self but he loves to listen to nursery
rhymes, and simple fairy and nature
stories. Ho likes to attribute human
significance to the doings of living
creatureson land and in water and to
project 'himself Into imaginary con.
vorsations between the various ab.(
jade in his natural surroundings.
During the next two years the first
attempts at actual reading take place.
He still enjoys fairy stories, but `hie
now likes his nature stories to inolud'e
aocounts' of actual adventures of
familiar .anlmale and pets. By the
go of . eight he combines a more in-
tense fondness' of the fanciful element,
and' a keener interst in tales of the
actual habits and doings of animals
with a desire to read about other chil-
dren and other lands.
A long step forward takes place
between eight and ten. The child
now begins to read longer books, to
bee= absorbd in them, and to elev-
ate reading to the level of a prime in -
trate The books in demand will now
include a stories' of historical characters:
Differences begin to manifest "them-
selves between the reading tastes ob
boys, and girls., Girl's tend to pre-
serve to a later stage the liking for
fairy .stonles,,while boye begin to
choose adventure storles.
By the age of: eleven, with its wider
outlook and greater experience, the
•child 'becomes' a reader, and taolclell
all kinds••"of literature within his limits
of difficulty. Interest in nature stories
loses its keenness, wt•il'e books deal-
ing with. travel and ineeation become'
popular,' Childra begin now to want -
their own books. They take a prtde
in their Possession, and will lend and
borrow, Between the ages of 11 and
13 occur ti±; reading years' when al-
most everything is fish that cemes to
the net. At this age reading becomes
with many children a predominant in- ea
tercet. They especially like banes
of mystery, inventic,i, ocb;'l, stories,
heroic adventures end the weird.
Girls like at this age what are describ-
ed as boys' books, but they show a ,
marked tendency,' too, to read cede
mental sto'ri'es.
This stage a is followed, at 14, by an
interest in- periodicals and in litera-
ture dealing with hobbles' and nterests,
The desire for fiction loses some of 'ae•
its intensity. For the boy books and
articles "w'h'ich help him to make
things, or to keep pets become popu-
lar. Girls are absorbed in sentimen-
tal literature, and an interest • in
poetry develops: at this ager
Parents are often perplexed by an
unaccountabl dropping" off, of interest
in reading on the part of their children
between the ages of 14 and 16. But
this is a normal stage and one which t
is•explained by the enlargement of the
scope of activity and interest which
taks place at that age. They become
occupied with the world around them,
1 the higher stages of school life, the
initial stages of industry, . sports,
Juvenile clubs, companions and cur-
rent events. In their preoccupation
with the world of reality they lose in-
terest In the world of books. Mrny
young folk drop tb'eir reading at this
age for the want oi' tactful guidance
on the part of someone who under-
stands their needs. If, however, the
love of reading survives' this stage, It
becomes firmly- fixed and remains a
source of stimulus, delight and solace.
The aim of the parent and teacher
at every etage should be not to thwart
Ur natural interests which the child.
displays, but to melte uea of them and
guide them aright, At the stage
when adventure is the child's rube'*
interest and he is in danger of becom-
ing addicted to the trashy and cheap
Periodicals which are published to sup-
ply this want, he should be introduced
bo Ballantyne, Marryat and R. L. Stev-
enson. Similarly with every stage
through which he passes. If the
best of each type of literaturebe
put in his ivay, he will be more likelier,,.
to levet° his taste while satisfying
MD desire. Even the clad who seems
to prier outdoor life, nature study, or
other active occupations need not be
allowed to escape from the influence
of literature. Hie understanding and.
enjoyment of nature will, be enha c
by Gilbert White; and for very''..
tivity into whichhe may enter is a
1ihrary. of books to which he may pro
fit bl b introduced
book is cne tb'at is beet met by the
pl,pply of literature of i.bm boatel kind.
The'gaail win drive out the bad—pro-
vided' it, is there in. plenty and at the
right mom sntr _Chrletiau Sciez:ce
Monitor. •
When one tecalli the headline in
puny newspapers, regarding the recent
alleged `failure" at Geneva it is. 11
laminating to read the •comment of Sir
Laming WottbingLon-Evans, British'
Secretary of War, just. made in regard
to the results of the con100000e.:l�ar
tram -being a failure, ho said, the
Geneva Conference L:ay prove to be
the first atop toward a (incl agree'
1 mewl. -
a y e
The difficulty ,sof thq undcitls le