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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1927-03-10, Page 7WINTER POULTRY ' DISEASES Sanitary Measures During Cold Weather. BY GEORG'E H. CONN.. Winter months bring a certain type of poultry diseases that the owner has Como to dread. Since this cities' of diseases is the result of two principal causes—errors in'feedingJa •d in hous- ing—there is no reason why they can not be kept under control and be pee - vented in most fiocke. The type of house in which the birds aro . kept, as, well as the Ma- te rials with which they must be ,fed, will largely determine just how great a task this will be. If feed ispue- chased, the feed question will not be of march concern; for it is not often that one can not get a good supply of the most desirable kinds of feeds for hisflock. Poultry-canhardly be kept healthy andin the best possible condition when housed in a damp, dark build- ing, or one that is improperly, ventil- ated. Neither will poultry do well if crowded. Many poultry keepers will tell you that overcrowding is one of the most common mistakes made in handling the flock. Improper feeding is the other prin- cipal reason thatmany flocks develop winter dieeaees. There is 'some diffl- eulty in. getting green feed during the winter months. The green feed's are needed to furnish vitamins which are so essential for healthy poultry. Min- erals are supplied largely by the high - protein feeds, also lay poultry bone, • meat scraps and milk. Careful •atten- tion to supplying feeds that are rich fn vitamins and minerals will go a long way toward preventing most of the winter diseases. It should be kept in mind, though, that the other nutri- ents (proteins ` and carbohydrates) are needed at all tines and are just as important as the ingredients that are most likely to be deficient. COLDS AND THEIR TREATMENT. Colds are troublesome- during the winter and are found most often in_ the younger members of the flock. If handled properly, colds should not be at all dangerous. It is of greatest importance to begin treating the colds as soon as they are noticed. Some- times one can prevent the spread of cold's through the flock. There is no trouble recogn'izing cold's, The 'birds begin to sneeze and show difficulty in breathing, the bed- ding sticks to the beak and nostrils; the birds have a general appearance of unthriftiness and the combs' niay be pale. If the fowls 'are watched, they will be seen to gasp for breatk; the eyes may be swelled shut. There ie no -oder with this condition. To check colds look to the ventilation and dryness and warmth of the house at once. See that the feed is appetiz- ing and laxative. If, lice and mites are present, get rid of them. The windows should ad5nit plenty of; sun- shine and the birds must have air, but no drafts. The affected birds should be removed from the flock at once and it is best to place them in a small coop where they can not move about much. 1f possible, supply green feed et once, as this will be of consider- able help. Give the flock a dose of Epsom salt; dissolve one pound in water and mix with the mash for 100 birds. Add as much 'potassium permanganate to' each gallon bf drinking water as will He on a five -cent piece. This should be placed before the birds in glass or. crockery containers, and they should not be. allowed any other drinking water. Do not place the sick birds back in the flock until they have en- tirely recovered. As a special treat- ment, the nostrils of sick birds maybe washed 'out once or twice daily with warm water in which a small •amount of, peroxide : of hydrogen has been added. Baking soda maybe used, one teaspoonful to one pint of water, if peroxide is not to be had: This can be put into the •nostrils with a medi- cine dropper. NASAL :ROUP. This trouble may be mistaken for colds; it seems more difficult to con- trol, and follow colds that have re- ceived little or no treatment or that have been improperly treated. The flock has 'aboutthe ease appearance. —only the birds will be more badly affected. 'rho mucus with which the nostrils are filled becomes dry and hard; the bird's breathe with diffi- culty; the membranes of the mouth and tongue become .d'ry and harsh; there is odor present in the poultry - yard when this disease is established in the flock. The same treatment applies as recommended for colds. It should be carried - out very energetically to get results. Be easeful: of the feeding and the sanitation of the building. "BYRD DYi'HTHERIA on -.CANNER. This disease is one of the most ser- ious of this general class: of diseases, and is very often associated with chicken or bird -pox. By some, it is considered a -form of this disease. In some flocks, the losses arevery heavy and the disease is one of the hardest to control. In this disease there will be cankers in the month and the throat. These may be very small and not great in, numbers, or they may be very numer- oils, and so great in numbers as to practically cover the entire surface of the mouth and throat. If Ithie yellow- ish membrane' is removed, it discloses. a raw, bleeding surface. It is not eas- ily removed, There is ueually a very offensive odor accompanying this dis- ease, There msay, be y^aety, growths on the skin, Some eye .troubles, as well es tiro filling of the.;sinuses.with mucus. It• is possible to 'have this disease with- out shoeing -much of the latter men- tioned symptoms. The birds show un - thriftiness,• the combs are pale, and there is poor appetite. There nia.y aleo be bowel trouble, as well as lung trouble. There is often considerable thirst. Checking this disease calls for dras- tic sanitary measures.. The houses and yards should be'thoroughly clean- ed ami disinfected. The same general treatment as given for colds should be given, mad the birds that are affected should •be, placed'by themselves. The cankers can be treated by painting, them with a 10' per cent. solution of i,odin fn alcohol or glycerine, or the use of a '2 per cent. solution,• of argyrol. A '2' per cent. solution of mercurochrome is ,also very good. This can be painted on with a camel's- hair brush once or twice daily. Place potassium permanganate in the drinks ung water. Give the fowls green feeds if they can be had. -OHICIIEN-PDX. This condition is so called because of the warty -like growths that appear on the face, comb anti wattles of the affected birds. While it is not at all serious in every flock, it frequently does cause very severe losses. It is often found to be very closely 'associ- ated with fowl -cholera. The characteristic symptom'af this disease is the small, blister-like erup- tions'which occur on the skin. They are grayish in color, or Inay be white. They are small at first, but gradually enlarge and :are later covered with a yellowish or black dry, wrinkled crust. When this is removed, the under sur- face is found to be a raw, bleeding surface. These may be so numerous as to almost cover the head, and in each severe cases, it is not uncommon tpfind some 'cankers in the mouth, aid some sore eyes. The sick birds should be removed from the flock and quarantined at once. Each bird should be given a teaspoonful dose of Epsom salt, and the feed should be green material and milk. The affected areas should' be treated with carbolized vaseline to re- move the scabs. Then the underlying surface should be painted once daily with tincture of iodin, using a small camel's-hair brush for this. A 2 per cent. solution of •mercurachronre may also be used. Clean and disinfect everything about -thehouse just as soon as possible. OCULAR OR NYE ROUP. ,This form of roup is known by the chronic course that it suns. ,It isnot. an acute condition,passing away in a very short tine. In the latest stages of the disease, there is a very offen- sive odor in most outbreaks. This condition starts just like the other conditions that have been discussed in this article, with what appears to be 1510 a conrmbn cold. The discharge from the eyes and nostrils, in the early stages, is foamy in character. Later on, it becomes sticky and gluey, ce- menting the eyelids together and fill- ing the nostrils. Remove all affected birds from the flock and give them a dose of Epsom Balt, See that their feed is laxative and that it contains green materiel, Clean the affected parts as well as can be done with warm . water in which a tablespoonful' of peroxide of hydrogen has been addedto each pint. A teaspoonful of baking soda to a pint of water may also be used. The affected areas should be painted with a 1 per cent. solution of argyrol once or twice daily. Or paint them with a 2 per; cent. solution of mercurochrome. The New Era in Fannin ay C. w. g PET' DRsox, There is scarcely it writer''. orub- Ife speaker who has .not some time deplored the exodus from the ;farm to the city. Our newspapers are full of it, and it is popularly interpreted as a sign of agriculture's decadence, That, however, is a superficial im- pression. I should :feel more inclined to regard it as 'a movement following a natural law. There was a thee wheneach individual fanm'prodticed little more than sufficient to main- tain the fancily living or; it. The great majority of -people then lived on farms,. In some backtivard conn- - tries they still do. Then carne the era of labor-saving, machinery, chief- s �rfi2. incS"�7�., ria S irk s sa "s, l brought about b the �a . r ... ac r. y b ug y e opening u r : ,r., ' �? ~�� „ i . ,..L. ,� . t C .�c, . �„ *, ., ,el;� > .cost a , �:3 .r of vast agricultural areas ... '!G�" ::; �,, ' g � ear in new: , a �„c,.•�: :� s:,: u,aa ,•s• ..... , . .Y, . countries where such devices could profitably be employed on account of the high rate of wages. The calcula- tion now is, that farmer in 1924 can produce twelve tines as much as the farmer of 1824. „Canada has profited' vastly by this new era in agr)culture. -Her exports have increased by leaps and bounds in sympathy with the easy -exploita- tion of her wendeiful agricultural resources.' 'Tier greatest' need now is more, and yet more,: farmers to help.. carr'y her enormous war burden and ...<. ,,..., A.). £°S,en ams,., ,'..'i:•5°'ewe : b::.... Ri.,. .:: .,i :,-.:s`� �r,.. ,...a::"”` 'HY ..:�: ., ,�e.':;9�. ..Y.a ..c tcts^k.'r'r" ..:,,T, make the industrial areas of the " country work overtime. ' There lies the solution of the perennial unem- ployment problem. Greeks and Turks used the seeds of horse chestnuts for curing gland- ers and other ailments of horses; hence the name. Photograph supplied by the dominion government of the Parliament buildings at Ottawa. The beautiful metal work to be seen on the encircling walla is among the artistic surroundings et the noble building. Wilson Publishing Company ' AN AT'PRACTIVIII DRESS FOR THE JUNIOR MISS. Exceedingly smart is this chic chess' suitable for all daytime wear. Theme. is an inverted plait in each side seam to provide for the necessary skirtful- ness, and 'the front is joined to side sections in an attractive manner, while the back is in one piece. Con- trasting material ntay be effectively used for th:e becoming round collar, belt, and cuffs finishing the long tight- fitting sleeves. No. 1510 is in sizes 8, 10, 12 and 14 years. Size 10 years requires 2% yards. 36 -inch material, or 2% yards 54 -inch, and i4 yard eon- trasting. Price 20 cents the pattern. The' secret of distinctive dress lies in good taste rather than a lavish ex- penditure of money. Every' Woman. should want to make her own clothes, and the hone dressmaker will find the designs illustrated in our new Fashion• A CORNER FOR YOUNG CANADA Advice With Wings. On tis. bough of the pine hes merrily „ swmds, "ebieleidoe, dee-dee-dee!" Ps the dark of the spruce this phi- losopher sings, "Ghiekudee, dee-dee-dee1" "That stuffy old house belongs to a man Who started his fires e'er winter began, And DOW he sits over them all that he cart-- Chickadee, an— Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" . "Now just look at me in my cozy . gray coat, Chickadee, dee-dee-dee l Shiny black fur at my head and niy throat, • Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Am I not 'always merry though heavy the snow? Do I shiver and shake when the win- ter winds blow? If you listen, the answer you'll speedily know— Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" Come follow the lesson of this little guide, Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Your Coat make your house and be happy outside, Chickadee, dee-dee-dee! Your heart will be light and' your laughter ring long; You'll find that Jack Trost le .,a friend true and strowg; I'rfi sure you'll soon find yourself singing this song: "Chickadee, dee-dee-dee!" —Adin Ballou. Coasting. It's flying down the hill in Grand- pa's meadow, And racing with the wind so glad and gay. They seem to follow us, the trees and hedges, Then back we walk the steep and icy way, And oh, we strike same bumps, around the turning; We have to hold on tight, or we might fall. It's jolly and it makes us feel so funny; I think .the burps are really best of all, the nmonment, Price of the book 10 cents the copy. BOW TO ORDER PATTERNS. Write your name and address plain- ly, giving number and size of such patterns as you want. Enclose 20c in stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap it carefully) for 'each• number and address your order to Pattern Dept, Wilson Publishing Co„ 73 West Ade- laide St., Tororto. Patterns sent by return mail. '1 Particularly the Bacon Trade. The December review of the live stock situation by the Markets Di vision of the, Dominion Live Stock Branch is one deserving of more than ordinary attention. It is to same ex- tent a commentary on- the year's trading. With British industry in more of a settled state than it had been for many months the hopeis expressed of an improved export trade. The most significant remarks are regarding the bacon market, The supply of hogs, the review says, was 'short of requirements and producers consequently found the outlet most remunerative. No very material in- crease in production is in sight, out- lines the review, and it is hoped that the Canadian t:roducer will see to it that supplies are brought back to more liberal volume, with the strict Book to he practical and simple, yet provision that there is a very marked maintaining the spirit of the made of i increase in the volume and percent. • asadaseaseeasssesessesseessese age of select stock. The reason for this advice is found in the statement that countries in Europe other than Denmark are developing a bacon trade with Great Britain and are im- proving the quality along with the vol unto. The comments in: the review of the bacon trade closed with the following sentence, which well merits extra con- sideration: "Our plebe in the British market can only be maintained on the basis of steady supply of good dimensions, but along with this the product must he 'of an increasingly Improved quality so that we may sue- cessfully hold our own against the improving quality of the competitive product." In 1926 the supply of select bacon hogs increased in Alberta and Mani- toba but showed a' falling away in Ontario, Quebec end Saskatchewan, the totals for the whole of Canada in 1926 being 141,609 and in 1926, 164,581. Different. A doctor's little daughter, who, though ailing, continued cheerful, said to a visitor: "l'in a hundred to -day." "But lost week you told me yoti were only four,., "Olt, yes," site replied, "but that. was lilrthdays -this is tem- pachnurs." Tire modern girl all right, g a ght, sxys a woman lecturer'. Of course she.is. She always has been. GARDEN HINTS How .to Plan and Lay Out a Flower Bed Watch the Perennials. Just.. Now. Although many people ioilalm that they have not the time'ttboeesary to grow flowers, in the majority of cases thie is tot an excuse at all. These Peo- ple believe that the production of sum- nier• blooms requires endless care, planning and expense, but rears, the matter is very simple. liven right out In the' country, where running, water is not always available and the men folk are usually" too busy to bother, a flower bed is quite poasibie. But it is well to think out the thing first, es- pecially where water and labor are going to be limited, The beet way to start is to procure a good seed Cata- logue or bulletin from the nearest branch of the Department of Agsicud: turn, . In this you will find lists of flowers under' various headi iga. You will find a diet_ that will d'o well fn shade, another that requlu'es plenty of sun, small flowers for the trout of the bed and edging," tall sorts for the back and trailing and climbing flowers for special purposes. The preparation of the bed is not difficult, spade it well and if you can work in some well rot- ted, manure so. much the better. To get away from" that common, artlficiaa appearance, avoid straight rows at all costs, planting your flowers in groups, with the taller sorts generally toward the back. If at all possible make a wavy edge along the front and if your flowers are being planted' in front of the, house, make the bed wider at the corners and in front of the windows. A. brave Showing from early eummer until frost can ,be made with very few varieties. Early In the spring, even before the last snow fall has malted, ypu. can sow California Popies, toward the front, Bachelor's Buttons, farther back, and Cosmos right against the house.er fence. A'little later put some Alyssum or other edging plants along the front, a few clumps of Nastur- tiums, Zinnias about the centre, with a few Petunias, raised from seed in- doors, set here and there throughout the bed about the first Of June. If the dying bloom 1s kept removed off this bail it will flower from early June until October, will Stand a lot of drought and neglect and will prove an attraction on which the weary eye will delight to dwell. Keep Plants Covered. This is the hardest season of - the year' on perennial plants. Just now when the sun is mounting higher and becoming warmer climbers and shrub- bery on the south side of the house particularly are liable to start bring - Mg sap up from the roots. Atter sun- down there is an abrupt drop in tem- perature, and this sap may freeze and burst the tiny cells inside the steins. Thisdamage is not noticed until later on when but weakly epr'ouls are sent out or perhaps none at all. Ou the shady s•liie of the house there is less danger but it is well in every case to make sure that roses, ivy, and shrub- bery are well covered around the roots. The perennial border, too, may need some attention in this connec- tion. Straw, old flower stocks, leaves and snow make the best cover. e Poultry Manure for Gardens. Poultry manure should not he wasted, for it is one of the beat of organic fertilizers. With quantities of this material available there is lit- tle need' for using commercial fertil- izers. It is rapid acting and is rich in nitrogen. It is also easily applied. Care should. be used int distributing poultry manure. Because of its high concentration it should not be used in large applications and should not come into direct contact with the plants. Light applications, well scattered, are most desirable. This is especially true with root crops, to- matoes and similar vegetables width sometimes develop excessive foliage when much poultry manure is used. With leafy. vegetables greater quan- tities can be used, but here, too, ap- plications should be made with cam tion. The manure should be' stored in a dry place. When stored udder damp conditions it soon loses much of its. fertilizing value.' The use of sand, dust or coal ashes on the droppings boards aids in keeping the manure Alternate Males. Many fanners keep but one breed - ng pen of from ten to twenty-five fe- males, Often they try to get along with one rale in the pen, only to dis- cover when the hatching season is half over that the eggs are not so fertile as they shout be. The use of ,alternate males ie the breeding ion eliminates this in large part—' hat is, having two finales for each pen of twelve to twenty --five females. Allow one male to run with the pen a couple of days, while the other s confined in an elevated coop in the, same house. At the end of the two days, change the males. Alternating males two or three times 'a week will overcome the trouble of 'either male practicing selective meting and fer iliing only the eggs from a few fe- notes. Trouble :from fighting is also eliminated. Vence stands on 117 small islands, among which, winding through the ity, are 150 canals, spanned here and there by 880 bridges. Brilich ircols test out new gas m sks before their departure for China. 'rhe let Devonshire Regiment, stalio ted at llllaec r c , England, neee preparing for• their cl epttrttue, anti the uety gas tnask and helmet were issued for service. "Oh, Bust comedy parts," corns the reply, trying to keep a mil head." FIRST ,TH'IYC�S FII!:"°T SY Z8ARION )I" TWNFIELD. ` P Who hasn't noticed the advertise - merit of a mother with a child, snug.. gled in her arms, while she read to it? It's an :e7ransple, the advertise- ment suggests, of "putting first things first." And who among ua, amid the coin- , plexity of modern 1: ring can be eW'e that she does it? It may seem' limos 1 sibie to stop and give little Fay the explanation for which she asks if we are to get the freshly Iaunderaci Curtains up before night. We'd "like to, we aay, but we're "busy,, or "too tired" so she must 471111 away and play a while longer' If this is our habitual mental atti- tude; then are we not putting like draperies ahead• of such import- ant treasures as a ate child's`cond- dence, affection, ams even c'har'acter? Some neighborss c';senssing a little five-year-old ren :. _red; "Yee, dhe needs care -sweet little thtngl—but her mother is alvr ass so very busy, how can she.. give it to her?" "What does her mother have to do?" inquired a newcomer. "I've seen Mary Betty playing around the neighborhood, and she always looks well cared for' and very nicely' chess - "Yes, and her mother makes all' of her clothes!" said one neighbor. "And' they are beautifully embroid- ered and laundered," explained art- 1 other. "She shampoos Mary Betty's. hair, every day," continued the first, "and marcels her own, between visits to the hair -dresser's. Isn't she always dainty in her appearance?" "Um," said the newcomer, "I've noticed she changes her costume sev- eral tines a day." "Yes," chorused the admirers of Mary Betty's mother, "and she makes a lot of them herself. And that she is so dainty' about the table. You know she embroiders all her ht'• .ton sets, and she changes them .. ery time there is the tiniest spot!" "Quite fastidious, isn't she?" sin- swered the newcomer. "Well, she's bringing Mary Betty up to; love beautiful things even if she doesn't have much time to spend with her. She works so hard! "Unt," replied the newcomer thoughtfully, remembering the ready little fibs she'd heard Mary Betty tell that day. "It is a question of relative values, isn't it?—care and ornamenta- tion'of the outside or of the iirside�-•- which shall come first?" Improvement in Sheep Breeding. Of the several policies brought into effect hi recent years by the Live Stock Branch at Ottawa one that is proving of the greatest interest and. value is that known as the pure-bred ram premium policy. In the year ending March 31, 1026, a total" of , 1908 applications for first premiums and 1892 applications for second premiums were approved. As,a re - suit of the policy since 1918 there has been a vast increase in the vol- ume of well-bred lambs marketed in Canada and shipped abroad. Another way in which increase of interest and• progress of itnprovenment' in the sheep industry is marked is in the organization of pure-bred ram clubs. Farmers in a community agree to purchase twenty-five or more pure- bred rams of one breed and when suf- ficient orders have been obtained the club appoints a purchasing delegate to make the selections, do the buying, and, supervise the distribution of the rams to members. The success of this part of the policy is especially indicated by the yearly increase of clubs and by the satisfaction shown ' by the applications for replacements ' by clubs that have been in existence far years. Forty-one new clubs were organized and 1626 rams placed in the year here referred to. Lambs marketed by the clubs have shown! superior quality and commanded the best prices. Fanners in the . clubs, points out the Dominion Live Stock Connnis- sioner, continue to keep a number of the ewe lambs for breeding purposes, with the result that the ewe flocks are showing a decided 'improvement in quality of fleece, In fact, the Com- missioner adds, it will be only a mat- ter of time until scrub ewes will be entirely replaced by ewes that are the progeny of pure -hied rams. Keeping a Cool Head. She—"Why do you keep your het ofY, Mr. Brown? The `e,pring air • is , cold," lile...--"Miss. Maud, you' knew low pro- femitclly your presence affecte rte --deet