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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1923-09-13, Page 6Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide at.,West, Toronto CARE AND ADJUSTMENT OF COLTE RS, The colter has much more to do With the proper operation of a gang plow than is generally supposed, It affects more than its main purpose of cutting off the side of the furrow slice eo that the shin of the moldboard will i not have to tear its way through the; ground, consequently permitting the. plow to do a nice, smooth job and ma- terially lightening li htenin the draft. One of the marks of a poor job ofd plowing is unevenness` or where the' furrows made the same round can not always be plainly distinguished. Some- times this is because the plow is, not running level. At other times one bottom is a little too high or low, due to variation in the shape of the beams, Or the front furrow wheel is regular- ly run against the furrow bank when it is supposed to run at least two inches away from it. But the most common fault is that the operator for- gets that each bottom turns over the soil that the colter allots it, no more and no less. They cannot be set in a haphazard manner, but exactly the sane with respect to each bottom ex- cept for the one instance which I will mention later.' Practically all plow instructions give three-quarters of an inch as the proper distance -to set the colter away from the shin of the moldboard. This insures a clean furrow wall and the minimum friction on the landside. There is often difficulty in determin- ing this distance after it is known to be correct. The following method is commonly used by manufacturers' plow experts when getting a plow ready to enter a competitive demon- stration: Take a planed fence board three feet Long and six inches wide. It will be nearly three-quarters of an inch thick. Lay it against the land - side, so that it extends forward he- rald the point of the share and raised just enough above the point so that it lies flat against the landside. Hold in. this position by placing the right foot against it. Now adjust the colter so filet its blade lies flat against the out- side of the board. Do this with each bottom in turn and you will have no variation as far as the colters are con- cerned. A puzzling problem sometimes comes up in the case of a three -bottom plow following a standardtype trac- tor which does not run in the furrow: In spite of all that is done, the middle bottom will turn a furrow which'. is lower than the others. The reason will generally be found in the fact that the middle bottom follows the right drive wheel and because the dirt loos- ened by the grouters rolls into the furrow, leaving the middle furrow slice apparently lower than the others. The remedy is to set the middle colter a trifle farther out. In sod plowing the colters should be set deep enough to cut off most of the roots, but not deep enough to in- terfere with the penetration of the plow. In stubble plowing there is no necessity of running them more than three inches deep, even in deep plow- ing. In cornstalk ground especially, the stalks and other trash will not be cut satisfactorily when the colters are set so deep that they will simply push the trash ahead instead of running over and cutting through it The colter axle should be directly above or a trifle back of the point of thes hare. The colter blades must be sharpened. from time to time to give best results. It is well to remember that it is cheap- er and better to pay the cost of sharp- ening the shares and colters than to pay for the fuel necessary to pull dull tools through the ground. Ontario's Better Live Stock Train By L. Stevenson, Secretary and Supervising Director, On- tario Dept. of Agriculture. The Ontario Better Live Stock' Jersey, Ayrshire and Shorthorn Train of .1923 was organized by thel breeds. These animals were selected officials of the Live Stock Branch of the Ontario Department of Agricul- ture, assisted by the officials of the following organizations: Dominion Department of Agriculture, Industrial and Development Council of Meat Packers, Ontario Live Stock Associa- tion, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian National Railway. The train was made up of sixteen cars, eleven of which carried live stock for demonstration and sale: A lecture car and staff maintenance cars com- pleted the train. During March the train made twenty-one all -day stops (9 a.m. to 10 p.m,) and twelve half-day stops. Dur- ing April, . twenty-one all -day stops and four half-day stops were made. The total number of actual farmers visiting the train during the period was 37,600. Tho number of school children that were conducted through the train by officials and teachers was 6,500. Lecturers, demonstrators and salesmen were continuously on duty in the various cars, and dealt with the • varied inquiries of the visitors. EDUCATIONAL FEATURES. The swine cars were specially fitted to make demonstrations in swine grad- ing possible, and give the farmers goods, blankets and yarn made from mato being especially valuable. Britain. Needs Wrangel Island. While many fruits have not been studied, it is probably safe to state that most fruit' juices contain appro- ciable amounts' of vitamin "B." It is likewise probably true that nuts are valuable sources of this vitamin, in- asmuch as all nuts that have been studied- contain appreciable ;amounts. , Vitamin "C" prevents disease and promotes the general health. Lack of it gives the skin. a bad' color and makes the.heart weak. It has long been known that lemons, limes; oranges and fresh fruits were curative in scurvy. It has only been in recent years that we have understood' that this curative effect was due to vitamin "C." While oranges have been used for a number of years in the treat- ment :of infantile scurvy, it is only recently 'that• it has become the com- mon practice tosupply orange juice to infants as part of the regular feeding practice. More recently it has been Wihjalmur' Stefl'ansson, who is urg discovered that tomato juice is prim- ing Britain to assert, its rights to tical]yequal to the juice of the orange Wrangel Island, ;because it will be- in this regard, and many physicians come' an important base for wireless in the poorer districts of the large and airplanes' when mail carrying cities are prescribing strained tomato across' the Arctic has become a com- juice in place of orange juice. The monplalce. Soviet Russia is reported juice of canned tomatoes seems to be to have given orders to prevent any very satisfactory for this purpose, in- British ship reaching the Islands. dicatingthat the canning process is not particularly destructive as far as Eat Vegetables for Vitamins. vitamin "C" is concerned. Berries are known to have scurvy -curing proper - By L. F. Burrows, Secretary, Can- ties, although little investigational adian Horticultural Council.' work has been done. Comparatively recent is the addition The Swedish turnip or rutabaga is of the word "Vitamin" toour vocabu- very valuable as a source of vitami, lary, and even though the use of the "C" and the same, is true of the car - word is now common, its meaning is rot. Young carrots are apparently not yet understood. Physicians have more valuable than old carrots and long recognized the value of vege- this appears to be true for many vege- tables in the daily diet and we are tables. As a rule, it is probably safe now told that this value lies largely to state that the vitamin content of in the fact that they contain vitamins, vegetables is highest at the time that and that vitamins are necessary to the vegetable ismost prized from the life. Some vegetables contain greater standpoint of tenderness and taste, quantities and of different kinds than Potatoes, onions and parsnips are also others. Three distinct kinds of vita- considered valuable antiscorbutic mins have been named "A," "B" and foods. Rhubarb, lettuce and cauli- ace, flower must OK, be included in the Vitamin "A" is a mysterious ele- list, while loversof cabbage salad and went in food, without which children "slaw" will be glad to know that raw cabbage is one of the best sources of vitamin "C" that we have. Tomatoes have the three kinds of vitamines necessary to human health. Most vegetables have one or two but seldom all h to show the influence of pure bred bulls, and demonstrate the high de. gree of excellence that may be ob- tained by careful breeding. Demon- strations and lectures were given on these cows, with special emphasis on type and conformation as associated with high class cattle. Ayrshire, Hol- stein, Jersey, and Gurnsey bulls were offered for sale at cost. These bulls were selected for their excellence of type and the production of ancestry. A number of young bulls were sold at the various stops. A dairy lecture was given each afternoon in the les tare car, dealing with feeds, herd inr.- provemrnt, and the rearing of young stock, cannot grow, but which grown folks also need. Shortage of vitamin "A" leads to disease of the eye, skin, and kidneys, and may cause bad teeth, diarrhoea, pellagra and other ail- ments. As a rule, seeds of all kinds aro rather deficient in vitamin "A," although green peas contain appreci- able amounts. Leafy plants, on the other hand, are valuable foods in this t ree. It is probably best to eat our fruits and vegetables in the fresh form when it is possible to do so. There is little, however, to be feared from the usual regard. Spinach and chard are prob- methods of canning and cooking, If ably the richest of the common leafy we eat a sufficient amount of vege- foods in this element; lettuce ranks tables and fruits throughout the year, next, with cabbage holding third place. it will riot matter if a small percent - The roots and tubers vary, sweet age of the vitamins are destroyed in potatoes and carrots ranking first,, the cooking process. As a rule, long while white or Irish potatoes contain continued heating or cooking is con - but a small amount, and it is doubtful sidered undesirable, and air should be if beets, rutabagas and parsnips con -excluded as far as possible. taro appreciable amounts. Tomatoes, I It is not necessary that we be vege- however, are very rich in vitamin "A", tai•ians. We should bo reasonable and and Hubbard squash is also a valuable sensible and not faddists, Every diet, source. Little work has been done on especially that of growing children, the fruits, but there is evidence that should contain milk, butter, eggs, apples, bananas and oranges contain fresh vegetables, and fresh fruits if small amounts of this vitamin. we expect to obtain the best results. Vitamin "B" is guardian of good Various fruit and vegetable canning digestion and proper functioning of recipe books have been issued from the liver and other glands. This vita- time to time, but the best that has re- nin is found in the germ and branny portion of cereals. In the milling of wheat, however, this vitamin is so completely removed that the best grades of flour are entirely lacking. SHEEP AND WOOL. This does not mean that we should condemn the white breadsstarchy In the sheep and wool car, a very foods, white • rice, etc.; it merely attractive exhibit was presented, pre -I means that we must choose our foods pared by the Provincial live stock intelligently and eat more vegetables• men, co-operating with the wool grow- - Potatoes, sweet and white, contain err, the breeders and the woollen appreciable amounts of vitamin "B," mills. Typical fleeces of the principal although the turnip and onion are grades of Canadian wool were shown more valuable in this regard. The beet and used in demonstrating the various root contains a fair amount, although grades, classes and purposes for which its leaves appear to be much richer., each was used. The preparation of This vitamin is also found in the to - wool for market was strongly em- mato, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, pars- phasized. Samples of cloth, knitted ley, - and the lowly dandelion, the to - throughout the province a clear idea Canadian wool from Canadian mills, of the type and conformation required were shown and described. A num- for the different grades of hogs under ber of live sheep were carried and the new grading regulations. Repre- suitably displayed, emphasizing the sentative hogs, with the corresponding best breed types and market classes, cured Wiltshire sides, were used in Lectures were given on breeds, breed - this demonstration.. For the., conven- ing, judging, and the care and man- lenee of farmers desirous of perches- agement of the flock. Two pens, one ing young breeding stock of the bacon showing the progeny of a good type producing type, a carload of boars and pure bred ram and another showing sows from six to eight months of age the progeny of a grade ram, attracted was included in the train. Many sales considerable interest through the les - were made,and good type young son of superior lambs from the pure breeding stock left the train for new bred sire. A full line of shepherd's homes at every stop. The supply of, tools and sheepfold requirements was stock was replenished at various shown, and explanations or demon - points along the line of travel by pre-' strations in the use of same were vious arrangement. given by the officials in charge. POULTRY- KEEPING. The poultry car was fitted out to BEEP CATTLE. demonstrate the most approved meth- The beef cattle exhibit consisted of ods of selecting, feeding, housing and a display of steers illustrating market preparing poultry and poultry pro- grades and type improvement through On - ducts for market. In the exhibit were the use of pure bred sires. The On - Included live birds showing desirable tarso Agricultural College- supplied a types for egg production and also those numberof animals from a breedsng. for meat production: Culling demon- experiment that has been under way strations were given throughout the during the past two' years, so that the day, beingillustrated with living farmers of the Province could see for specimens and skeletons. Models of themselves the result of good breeding, poultry houses and equipment, and of coupled with proper care, feeding and hatching and brooding devices, occu- management. From the five cars of tied a prominent position in the ex_ bulls for sale, many sales were made. 1 p hibit, Poultry nutrition was illus- Buyers were looking for quality and rioted in an attractive waythrough appreciated the guarantee and the g the use of colored transparencies, giv- likelihoodof getting, a good bull when -chasing from ing rations used in chick rearing' Pul. the government. To indicate the t e of the results. The Canadian Egg YP farmer that the Standard, was well, illustrated by a lessons taught by the train was reach- eontinuous candling and grading de- ing, it can be said that; out of the roonstration. Killing and plucking,' as first fifteen bulls sold, all but went done by the expert in charge was a to farms where the owner had not pre - revelation to many, as the loosened viously kept a pure bred sire.. feathers were stripped from the bird the short spaee of one minute. DAIRYING. The dairy cow car contained good grade cows, representing the Holstein, The demonstration train attracted, and enlightened farmers who hitherto had been disinclined to admit the ad- vantages of pure bred sires and of better live stock. Gently come to my attention is that issued by the Fruit Branch of the Do- minion Department of Agriculture. These booklets contain recipes which have been thoroughly tested, are prac- tical and economical. They may be had free upon application to the Fruit Commissioner, Department of Agri- culture, Ottawa. He Needed Another Year. "Poeition wanted" ran au adver. tisement in a Shanghai newspaper. "A young Chinese- with four years' ex- perience in English seeks place as a junior clerk. Salary no objection." As a matter of fact, it usually isn't 6' Keep looking ahead unless you are in a pasture with a ram. Home Education "The Child's First School Is the Family"—Froebel." Mother's Clothes—By Lydia Lion Roberts "Why, mother," cried the little boy, his eyes shining, "you look just like a schoolgirl in that white waist and blue tie. I like that, wear it again!" Children do notice mother's clothes ar.d are quite fine little critics, St is interesting and profitable to question the reasons for their approval or dis- approval of various dresses, and a wise mother will talk over her clothes with the children, If she explains the reason she chose'a certain color, how she matched her hat to her gloves, why this cloth is stronger than some- thing else, and all the little effects that combine thrift and good taste, the children will not only be pleased at her confidence in their understanding, but will absorb much useful knowledge about clothes. Sometimes a mother, does not realize the pride and interest the children take in her clothes. "I like to go out withyou since you made that new skirt," said a 'little girl, "the other one didn't look so nice." If a motherg ets careless or dis- couraged and lets her clothes lose their charm, the children resent it even if they do not voice it. It is only fair to the children for mother to spend as much effort and thought on her own clothes as ehe does on their fascinating apparel, and then ie later years they will not demand every- thing, but will want mother to have pretty things too, It pays to understand and weigh a child's remarks about clothes as that is one way of learning how the little brain io working. A mother came into the room where two boys were playing, and showed them her new silvery, gray straw hat. "You look just like a hearse," an- nounced,the younger boy delightedly. The remark was rat lei startling, but the mother •smiled and said, Do you like this. hat?" "Oh, yes, it's so shiny and pretty," replied the boy, 'end, I like the silver look." a; Dissolvein boiling water Use enough to get a big lasting suds Big lasting suds -one secret of Rinao'a amaz- ing power to dissolve dirt. If you don't get lasting suds, you have not used enough Rinso: Soak:an hour or more o° vont,ola!Ia (colored clothe+ only half ea hour) After soaking, only the most soiled clothes need a light rubbing with dry Rinso. Your clothes don't need boiling if you use Rinso. But ifY ou liketo boil your white cottons, use enough Rinso solution to get the suds you like. Rinso is made by the largest soap makers in the world to do the family wash as easily and safely as L(,JX does fine things. LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED TORONTO 8302 POULTRY For several years past, the food value and medicinal qualities of yeast have been constantly before us. As to its tonic properties, as an aid to di- gestion and assimilation, as a correc- tive of constipation tendencies, and an appetite stimulator, it has been thor- oughly and satisfactorily tried out -- first by the family and now with the poultry. One of the first experiments in feed- ing yeast to baby chicks, was found to be so satisfactory that its use as a general poultry feed has been adopted. It is prepared by soaking a pack- age in a half -gallon of water until the yeast is soft Then it is made into a soft batter with cooked potatoes and flour, and allowed to raise. Then It is stiffened with cornmeal until crumbly, and spread out in the sun to dry. When it is thoroughly dry it may be sacked and stored for use, and will keep indefinitely if placed in a dry place where it will not mold. For feeding baby chicks, goslings, ducks or turkeys, it may either be crumbled fine or soaked until soft; but do not feed oftener than three tinter a week. For feeding the older fowls, allow a pint for each dozen fowls, mixed with the other feed used. It may be given either as a dry feed, or with a wet mash. o . The Silo Foundation Has "Did you see anything to -day about that same color?" asked the mother, still searching for the reason back of that first remark "Yes, I saw a carriage all silver and shiny like your hat," nodded the child, °andbrothor.said']t was a hearse."' The connection was explained, for, ehildike, he shad connected the first gray hearse he had seek With the sil- very gray hat. His mind was grasp- ing the fact of a new color effect. If the mother had been irritated at his impulsive remark, or bad laughed it away, .she would have hurt the child ;and driven his new thoughts and con- "fidences back into himself, .` To dress tastefully,' to bring the children into companionship with P P mother by sensibly diseus ing clothes the art of (lressin and g, to make it a jolly, festive occasion when mother , has something new, is to realize that in the development of the child life an i important part is played even by mother's clothes. a Hard Job. The silo foundation has two big jobs —it has to carry the vertical load of the silo walls and the bursting strain caused by the settling of the silage. To insure that it will do both jobs, use plenty of steel re -enforcing and make the masonry footings wide, so as to prevent uneven settling' with the resulting cracking. Regardless of the kind of foundation that you build, al- evays use the best ofmaterials. Prob- ably .there are more silos standing upon concrete. foundations to -day than upon any other. The -silo foundation on my neigh- bor's farm was made with dirty gravel (its the concrete), and the result, is, the foundation has gone to pieces within a year after building. This same gravel was used for other work about the farm with pretty good re- sults, but wider t1e peculiar strain of the silo foundation it went to pieces. Use one part cement, two and one- half of sand, and four parts of crush- ed rock or graded gravel for silo work. Use only clean, sharp sand, and water that is good to drink. Dirty water, will not matte good concrete. -R, 1C. "Kraut or pickle kegs and tubs are cleaned thus," writes a subscriber: "I use plentyof boiling' water, in which bicarbonate of soda is dissolved (one- fourth pound of soda to a gallon of water). After the Begs have been well scalded, 3 place them in the sun for several days, then go over the in- side of the keg or tub with ' melted paro-wax or paraffin. This makes the keg perfectly sweet inside and keeps it from leaking. m Let us remember that the only way to keep our life peaceful and happy is to keep the heart at rest,—C. H. Spurgeon. See that you lay drains below the frost -line and out of the way of the plow -point. FARMERS' BOOKLETS SENT FREE Any of the following may be had free on application to the Publications Branch Department of Agriculture Ottawa, Canada 0 The Milking Machine. Report Experimental Station, I{apus- leasing, Ont., 1922. Pigeons, Fruit and Fruit Packages. Hardy Roses. Co-operation in 1Marketing Poultry Produce. Fox Ranching in Canada, The Influence Of Feeds and Feeding on the Type of Market Hogs. Dairying in New Zealand. and Aus- .. tralia, Weeds and Weed Seeds. Bran, Shorts and Middlings and Feed Flour: Finishing Lambs. fox the Block.' Recleaned Elevator Screenings as a Food for Live Stock. The Feeding of Sheep. Swine Husbandry in Canada. The Winter Feeding of Beef Cattle in Ontario. Meiileur Cheese. Is Cow Testing Worth While? Crate Feeding., Standardized Grades of Eggs. Preparing Poultry Pnoduce for Market, List of 360 'Publications. The Preservation of Eggs in the Home. E THE CHILDREN' HOUR' THE AMUSING CROW, Crows are usually unpopular' birds. The sharp twinkle of their eye, their plumage and their astounding intelli- gence, have given them a prominent plaee in the myths and legends of Query land, In all times and countries man has regarded crows with superstitious awe. Odin took them for his heralds and counselors, blit could not trust them, and they blabbed the secrets Valhalla. They were the .scandal- mongers of Olympus, and to their evil tongues poor Coronis owed her death. Indra, in wrath at their tale -bearing, hurled them down through all the bun-:, deed stages of his heaven. They would have disclosed to his enemies the hid- ing place of Mohamined, but the dove built her nest and the spider spun her web to hide it. It was satisfactorily established by the old writers that the crows got their blackness in .punishment for their sins. It seems to have been a futile punishment, for there is no living thing that shows hi its de- meanor less evidence of repentant spirit. Instead of being ashamed of their blackness, crows, as an Indian writer has said, "swagger in it, an(' pretend that they chose that ex shade for themselves." Y The color of crows before they el smitten black is uncertain. It is strange fact that they are most closely allied to the jays and magpies on one hand, and to birds of paradise on the other, so the possibilities are infinite. But the classical legend that they were originally white gains some sup- port from the 'frequency with which cr albinoows. s appear among all kinds of The voices of almost every member of the crow family have in their very harshness an unbirdlike and partly human quality that could not fail to impress the primitive imagination. In spite of the common idea that crows do nothing but caw, the old augerers recognized no less than sixty-five in- tonations of the raven's voice, each with its special significance. From the ringing Rahkf rahlei rahle! of the hooded crow, the Swedes Have borrow- ed their fierce cheer, the finest battle - cry possessed by any people., Nearly all the true crows, as well as many of their near relatives, will pick up more or less of human speech in captivity; and it is sometimes hard to believe that the slyness with which they invest their remarks, their apt - moss and intonatiop, are altogether accidental. The Removal and Care of Comb 'Honey. If the honey flow is heavy and of long duration the greater part of the crop can be removed before the flow is over. It is better to remove the supers of sections as they are finished as this prevents -travel stain and propolizing. It is comparatively easy to remove supers during the flow as there is little danger from robber bees. As the flow declines the comb honey producer , must give extra supers sparingly in order to have as many sections finished as possible before the flow stops. In fact it may be neces- sary to reduce the number of supers. It is not well to leave a super on at this time until all the sections are fin- ished as they may become travel stain- ed. It is better to remove the finished sections and concentrate the unfinish- edsections to as few supers as pos- Bible. As the flow is drawing to a close the unfinished sections should be given to the best 'finishing colonies. When the sections are finished M the, central rows they can be replaced by unfinished ones from the outside. It is well to remove all the sections be- fore the flow ceases altogether. As soon as the supers are removed by means of bee -escapes they should betaken to the honey -house, and care used to prevent robbing. Sections that are only partially filled and capped can usually be disposed of locally at a profit but those containing only a small amount of honey can be piled d. up near the apiary and the bees al- lowed to empty them. These empty sections can be used as bait sections next year, Comb honey should be stored in a warm dry room to prevent spoiling. If exposed to great variations in ,temp. erature, moisture may condense on the surface of the cappings, and the honey will absorb it, or it meet granu- late in the comb. If.exposed to freez- ing the combs will crack and the honey leak. The temperature of the room should not go lower than 70 deg, F,, and is better if,utainteined' between 80 and F. Section 90 honeydeg. that is well refined can be stored in the supers until ready for shipment. The supers• should he tiered up in close piles, closed at the top and bottom; it will keep much bet- ter and also maintain its aroma. There is also less danger from Wax moths; Some beekeepers, find it necessary cessary tow fumigate to control this pest, Comb honey is usually 'pus; up in single cartons or in cases holding 24 sections. Before placing the sections in the cartone or eases the wood must be scraped froe of propolis and stain. Any sections that: are leaking should not be packed. A noble life, crowned with heroic' death, rises above and outlives the pride and pomp and glory of the mightiest .empire of the earth—Presi- dent Garfield, Name ...;t .... ......... Post Office ... ... R.R. No. Province (No stamp required) Tr E rias D1===' h rsnl lu loth r , 1 111 r,+ 011 t d ii0 Lagllalllt dpnl, 1 y ,I 1101 6.11 t 1 afl II,I f to e,d til b0010 trout th Ilfi la+, of ,I,oen' n 7 sinlning, hr,ed,r R and to ding. n l , �,0010 wurth ninny loll, v 1 rho haiidlur 0! 1,0 , •a, Ilut ell yyu, hu. o to do In oak ilsaggIst fur 1. 11 10 ahsol ntal+ fo o, tnredIn rod nlL.inn; mind o 10, x Ru Jun. ld, 0 1,0 •',Inoue nand 00 by 01,11 your 4+411 tap.. hnx Il g o 11,10 1d dupe t ova hots.. imvroo>'00rsnodtb ><ulnu sn o r a trot years and think WO n. n t treat." m 7 groat Y&liLY COIt1CUl4t, Ifyour drn,lalat boa not a copy orth boonIo11 wr11e up onion Wspre. Istote boyars nt good ohurultig promo. our• ser ;k'1. J. KENDALL CO., Service must bo gi,'lan satlafakion, AN our nati•mmge E„osburg. Falls, Vt., U.S.A. 0 Is Im renin every year.: Ask for partlonlara-74i You 11ve wltnin 200'.miloe. of Toronto, -mwasammumumumummumum TORONTO CREAMERY, 9 CHaaCH ST,, 'mom (Owned and Operated by 051105 Farmon' Co- ISSUE No. 37—'23. operatlO, Ltd.)