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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1923-07-19, Page 3Address cormunicatlons to"-Aeronomist, 73 Adelaide St., West, Toronto R. -11. --Can I use lime,as a filler for fertilizer containing nitrogen, Phos- phoric and potash? Answer—Lime` is quite unsuitable for the purpose suggested, For the reason that lime would cause a de; etruction. of the nitrogenous portion of thefertilizermaterial. A. Mol.—Will you kindly advise what to do .for hens which have large P lumps growing between toes inside of which is composed of ,substance like hard 'black bone end one on thebody about size of a walnut floating .about under the- skin. Have not noticed any mites but hens; are constantly looting for dust baths. Would the eggs be O.K. for eating? Answer—The symptoms described would indicate trouble of a tumorous nature. Unless the infected' -fowls are exceedingly valuable, it would be well to destroy them. Definite in- formation regarding the character of the trouble could be secured by send- ing a specimen of an, infected foot as well as the floating lamp beneath the ',skin to the Poultry. Division of the l xperimental Farm `at Ottawa. The specimens should be put up-, in a strong solution of salt and sent by express; prepaid. The eggs from such fowls should be quite wholesome.. G.,11. --Please print a spray form - uta for blighton tomatoes. -• Answer—Bordeaux mixture is re- garded as an 'effective spray to pre- vent blight on tomato plants. It should. be applied ashen -the plants are quite. young, again ,soon after the plants are set out in the field, and at such intervals following as the leaves are noticed to curl. The following is the method of preparation: Copper sulphate (bluestone).., 4lbs:. should be restful but of a" richness of tone that seems to invite pleasant coo, veisatioii. Haven't you aver observed how hard itis to be pleasant after you have beep visiting friends and have sat in a greenly room, or in a room where the colors of walls, rugs and furnish' ings were in discord?, You do not have to have these surroundings.'in your own home.' The sun room, which has now become so popular in ' modern houses, is a gay room. Plenty of sun- shine and daring use of bright color are , wanted. , Like one's hobby, the sun room should be different—some- thing ifferent—some- t ing to be enthusiastic about. Now alt this earl be put into you home. The magic of the paint pot wa never more. effective than in the de corating of the home. Color will' d almost anything for you.;Light, warm colors, such as cream, ` will make'' a. small, poorly lighted room seem larger, and more sunshiny. Ricli browns and greens will make a=Paige, bare, oyer- lig yer Bright rooin much more agreeable With paint one can have any color and any wall^finish he may desire—and,al washable, sweet and sanitary. Now that texture can be had in painted wall finishes through practice stippling' and mottling processes there is an increasing vogue for them Unfortunately, in the .past, painted walls meant something bare, shiny and without any suggestion of hominess, You couldn't blame folks for "choos- ing beautiful patterns of wall paper, even with the easy `cleaning, sanitary and 'enduring, properties of painted Unslaked lime 4 lbs. h Water (1 barrel) 40 gals. i •ac , and, plum When spraying, h foliage' which'may be injured by the ordinary formula it' is safer 'td, use Bordeaux mixture in 'the proportion of 8 lbs.. `copper splphate,,,4 "lbs.; dime to. 40 ,ga11.Qn$ :water.:.; ,, - ,Dissolve the copper sulphate (by PP suspending it in a wooden es earthen vessel containing 4 er `5 Or -more gal` Ions of water). Slake' the lim"e'.in an- other vessel. If the lime, when slaked, is •lumpy or granular; jt should:^be strained through coarse sacking. or a fine''eieve. Pour the 'copper sulphate solution into !;,barrel, or' it may be dissolved in this in the - first pl ce;. half fill the barrel with water; dilute theslaked lime 'to half a barrel of water, and pour into the diluted cop- per sulphate solution, then stir thor- oughly. .It is then ready for use. Never mix concentrated milk of lime and copper solution. A stock solution of copper sulphate and. milkeof'.lime may be prepared and kept in separate covered barrels tlrough'out the spraying season. The quantities of copper sulphate, lime and Water should 'be carefully noted. Bordeaux mixture deteriorates with 'lige and should be' used as soon as made. To test Bordeaux mixture, let a drop of ferro-cyanide of potassium solution fall into the Mixture when ready. If the mixture turns reddish - brown, add more milk of lime until no change takes place. Spreading Cheer With a Paintbrush P g By. Norman_ Collart and Berton Elliott Farnf homes offer many more op- portunities to employ light colors than do city. homes. The farm home is not subjected to the action of soot, dirt, .smoke and grime, which cause the city home to lose its. cleanly' appearance, so that color schemes may be employ- ' ed in painting the con P g Wiry home which are impractical in the city.. Though'the farm a f m home IS -less lim ited in range of effective color schemes than the hone situated in a dusty smoky neighborhood, there are a few basic principles in, the choosing o colors which it will be well to re, member. It is fairly safe'to say that o l r y color is interesting' of itself•° Rather a startling statement? No! Any color project requires a favorable setting. An incorrect trim color on' your house or a body color that does not harmon- Ise with the surrounding background will cause you to dislike your favorite color. Without phadows nothing could be bright; without proper con- trast there can be no interest. For example, if you expect a surface to be beautiful'or interesting simply be- cause the paint is snow-white, a sea- son's grime will make it very ugly, But if your white.seems pure and charming because it is contrasted with a rich trim color, time will soften the contrast but not destroy the 'interest. 'If the house is to be painted in white or ivory, introduce a trim color. This need not mean painting cornice and corner boards hi the trim color. Shutters, sash' or flower boxes might be just right for your trim effect. On the other hand, don't feelthatyou have to'paint in. some heavy, gloomy shade juhht to be practical. If ,your home is subjected to a great deal of road dust; paint the body color a cream gray or a dust color and trim with a rich antique brown . or a moss green. The sash can be done in ivory or black as preferred. The scheme can be reversed, and the dark brown used' for the body color if the setting Is just right; -but don't get the impres- sion that the dark colors do not show dust.. In reality dark colors show dust about as much as light colors. The general effect of n• calor upon a surface is interesting., Red causes a surface to seem closer at hand, and, you will notice, is often used in. large theatres to make the stage appear nearer the eye. Blue is usually' a re- treating color., Green is static. Yel- low is expanding. Dark, cold colors are contracting, making objects seem smaller, This ' explains why houses painted` in light, warm colors, such as colonial yellow and buff, are bright, attractive and conspicuous,'especially against a bank ,of foliage. Small houses appear larger, and big houses Still larger in light yellow. This ex- panding' effect may be counteracted somewhat by using a, dark trim color for corner boards and trim. A white trim is generally expanding. PEPPING CP trip INTERIoR. J. tall house seems lower in an up- per and lower body effect with light trim. A squatty; house will seem tall- er in grays or greens with dark trim. With this type of house` also avoid emphasizing any horizontal lines, painting, them in the body color wher- ever possible. A home' situated in an open exposed plot is best in neutral' colors. Now to the interior of the house. Walls are not for shelter alone. They are "backgrounds. They can' be suit- able and pleasing backgrounds, or they can be irritating and unhomelike, according to their colors. Color is so active a thing that it is necessary to study for a moment the /. influence of different colors upon hu- man' nature. ' When' i man comes home • from a hard • d'ay's- _work Ile wants relaxation.. , But, in addition, he needs the invigorating effect of'a cheerful home 'atmosphere. ' ' It is astonishing how much' the right` color f scheme in the living room will"pep" up a'fellew after a trying day. Don't think -16i: ie moment that the housewife isn't in need - of just the same treatment, but with this added factor: much of her time is spent'in the kitchen, laundry and sewing room. There should be well-planned color schemes for these workshops of the home as well as for those spots where quiet relaxation and recreation are sought. ! ' What. are good workroom colors? Generally speaking, they are neutral colors primarily, enlivened by a touch of sunshine in the form of cream wall paint or rich ivory curtains. For the modern kitchen, for in- stance, there are two combinations which are eminently suitable: One is gray and ivory, using suitable tones of each; the other green and ivory in suitable tones. In all events, keep the woodwork and wall colors simple. • A figured: wall' pattern in working rooms. tends to make one nervous and fatigu- ed. Also, enameled woodwork is more soothing_ in these rooms than where the grain of the wood is seen. .• KITCHEN COLOR COMBINATIONS. In the first color scheme mentioned —a combination of gray and cream— let the woodwork be in a soft French ,gray. Put •the, upper wall and :ceiling in: cream. Most kitchen walls are di- vided about four feet up -from' the floor by a chair rail: For .the lower wall use a cream -gray enamel. A most charming effect may. be secured by putting, the wood -work in two-tone gray—the door and window frames, for instance, in. French gray, with the panels, window sash, and the like, in cream gray, or some other combina- tion of the two tones, of gray espe- cially adapted to.the woodwork design in your home. The walls should be a soft cream or ivory, or 'possibly on the order of a buff yellow, so they will not soil too easily. A stencil design about an inch and a half wide, in blue or g•ray,.may, be placed just above the chair rail, oofnpleting the wall and ceiling treatment. The walls may be done: with either enamel or flat' wall, paint in the desired': cream -color, enamel probably. being more suitable for the kitchen, Where walls and ceil- ing are subjected to grease and steam from cooking. Window curtains for" this room may be ecru or white with a dainty blue figure. If linoleum isl used, a blue and. old -ivory block pat- tern would be ideal. If- the floor is to be painted, one' can use a dull terra- cotta color. - \ The second color scheme previously mentioned—in soft sea green and ivory -will have `very much the. same handling as the. gray scheme. It.will be appreciated that.in the.kitchen one wants. to avoid colors that have too exhilarating or 'irritating an'effect, For this reason too pure white has POULTRY Suddeii:•desths' h the poultry yard ate hard' 'to deal 'with, sinde there, is Tetachi'ng Your Child Self -Confidence absolutely;' no chance of treatment.,If however, some •inkling can 'be had ras grthe haute of 1,,bp death there is the pgssibillty:. .6f Preventing,, furore, losses in ,the flock. One Of the causes ef• sudden death 'in 'the summer time is heat prostration. This does not al It in . udde death,sine° Ways ,re.,u v.,s n , some birds' will show symptoms of the trouble intime to allow for treatment In extremely hot : weather birds that crouch down' on the floor or ground with wings outspread panting are un- r doubtedly affected by the heat, In ex - 8 treme:caeee they drop insensible ;or o paralyzed. Any, birds that give' .the indications of being affected by the heat ,should .be removed -Immediately to Some cool, quiet emit and their heads and' lege, treated with cold water. , Needless ,to say, the more shade, provided in. the- runs—especial- ly natural shade—the less, likelihood of losses from heat prostration. 1 A very oommon cause of trouble in warm weather, although it may hap- pen at ex,y season, is poisoning• Pto- maine poisoning. is the most common type and is caused by the buds eating • decayed flesh or impure or moldy feed. In.one.ease last summer several 'hundred growing pullets were lost,be- cause -they were fed moldy wheat Usually the birds diesuddenlyand in. large numbers. . Before they die' they show lack of control of their muscles, due to a par- tial paralysis, as manifested in an unsteady gait, finally resulting in loss of use of the`,lege entirely and in limber 'neck. 'Usually the reaction to the poison is so quick that treatment is impossible. The cause'of the trouble must be lo- cated immediately; examine the range or run carefully, looking for" car- casses of dead birds 'or animals. I have known cases of ptomaine poison= ing to. be caused' by a dead rat or rabbit under a. near -by house. Sucli cases occur most frequently on range where the young stock is being reared. A careful examination of the range at least once a week in warm weather will eliminate the- possibility of pois- oning loss of valuable birds from such a -source as this. Horne 'Education "The Child's First Scheel is the Family"-Froebel. LIME -HUNTING; PLANTS There are two principal methods of stippling and mottling walls: One is by glazing and stippling with a cloth to produce mottled effects, the other by printing the texture on with a sponge. In both types the pattern is applied over foundation brush coats of flat wall paint in plain colorer' STIPPLED .WALLS IN VARIETY. The only equipment necessary in sponge tippling. is a flat wall brush and a sponge. First, give the walls two or three brushed -on coats of flat wall paint of the ;desired color. Two coats will bee' sufficient for many colors if the walls are in good painting con- dition. If the walls are not in good condition: three coats, will be necessary to cover well. .After the plain color coats have been applied' you are ready for the stip- pling: The sponge id now •brought into use. In the selection of the sponge, one should be picked out that has an interesting, lacy open-work pattern. As a ruleceilings should not be stippled,, and generally a very light shade of paint in Plain color should beused—something: just a little off the white, such as ivory .or cream. If desired, two stippling colors may be 'Used, the second one being put on after the first color has been applied over the entire wall. Following are a few harmonius color schemes: Foundation color, ivory tan; stipple color, cream., Foundation color,.sky blue; stipple color, sky blue and white, equal parts. Foundation color, silver, gray and, cream, equal parts; stipple color, silver gray. Foundation color, pink and cream, equal parts; stipple color, pink, cream and ivory, equal parts. Foundation color, silver gray; first stipple color, sage green; second stipple color, silver gray and ivory, equal parts, Foundation color, silver gray and cream; first stipple color, shell pink, cream and buff stone. equal parts; second stipple color, sky blue and silver gray, equal parts. A stencil border will add;inueh to the room. It gives a finishing touch that is most: pleasing. Suitable sten- cils for any room are carried by most first-class paint'sores. Regular stencil colors in small tubes are also carried. A regular: stencil brush should be used for' the 'purpose, the color being ap- plied by holding the brush at right angles to the stencil and pouncing the brush with a vigorous rotary scrub- bing motion. The application of a stencil herder is really very simple. Guides are provided, so that the stencil' can readily Le Moved along length after length, joining perfectly, and two-color stencils are provided with guides,• so that there is no diffi- culty in getting a perfect register of color. The unscreened home swarms with danger of disease. BY HELEN GREGG GREEN, "Mums` fooik at. myairplane. Look, Wise One. "You did notplayfair y, P r Mumsey dear: Look!" begged six- with Carroll when you told him year-old Carroll, "Isn't' :it just a Micky's airplane was as well built US beauty?" his.' It was not, and you acnow 'it! "Calm yourself, Carroll, your air- Carroll knows it, and Micky'knowsit,' plane Is no, ter than . ick ' . Be- You were l' bet ?vI y s deliberately trying to shat - sides, honey boy, it is nothing; to get ter a wonderful: possession, self-colifl- excited.about." ' dente, It's the 'I cans!' and 'I 'Wills,' Carroll's happy little face fell and that make the.most out of life. rNot his eyes lost' their' sparkle. . the 'I can'ts' and 'I won'ts.' " ; "Guess -it isn't much good, Mumsy. Carroll's. mother's' face was radiant, But +I did think you'd like it." And "Thank you, dear,' I'm so grateful," Carroll and 'Micky picked up their she smiled. "I guess all of us need once -prized airplanes, and shuffled out to be wakened' up sometimes. I had of the room, as if half ashamed' of never thought of my boy's sureness in having shown so much enthusiasm. his ability, in the light of self-eonfi- "I. must kill his egotism," Carroll's dance before. I'll change .my 'system, mother exclaimed. "He's simply fall this very day." of :i't," , That was four years ago, and Car- Buta mutual friend of Carroll's roll's mother's "system" has been a mother and of mine, a wise, young- different one these four years. for -her -years grandmother, thought' Carroll is now a charming' young- differently: ster, full of poise and self-confidence. "My dear -Zelia, you haven't the His teacher tells me she thinks he's right perspective at all. There's a vast an admirable boy. difference between egotism and self- "What is his best characteristic, confidence. Nothing wrong with a Miss Lloyd?" I asked. "What is there • dollar claiming it's worth a hundred about him that appeals to you most?" cents, is there? The fault would be "It's his self-confidence. His belief claiming anything less for itself. A in •himself;' she told me. child will grow and expand because "And .do you encourage this in all of self-confidence. He will learn to your children?" I was very much ie. develop qualities and a character that terested. will haye to live up to his self-esteem." "Indeed 1 dol" she answered. "Too Carroll's mother interrupted, many children. get little encourage But 1 think— Ment at home. Witt parents never "Pardon me, ens dear, but I still learn the great difference between have the floor," • laughed the little egotism and self-confidence?" Controlling Insect Pests of Roses. There is scarcely a garden that is not beautified by roses in greater or less abundance and the insect pests are ever presentto weaken the plants and to destroy the foliage and flowers. Fortunately, however, a little care and; the proper use of simple insecticides will eliminate most of these troubles. ' The common pests are the leaf - eating 'insects, eaf.eating'insects, such as the slug and the sucking insects, including aphids or plant lice, leaf hoppers, and scale: White grubs occasionally attack plantings in new beds which were in sod the previous year. The ross slug is readily controlled by arsenate of lead at the rate of one half ounce of powder, or about eight level teaspoonfuls (twice as much if paste form is used) to a gallon of water, and if aphids are present add a teaspoonful of forty per cent. nicotine sulphate. If slugs only are present;' the arsenate of lead may be applied as a powder, either pure or mixed with equal parts of air -slaked lime or dry flour as a carrier. If aphids and young leaf -hoppers only are present, spray with a forty per cent. nicotine sail, phate,, one teaspoonful to a gallon of water in which is dissolved an ounce of soap. Applications should be thor- ough, .a foreihle misty spray applied and care should be taken to reach the undersides of the leaves. Seale insects, when present, occur on the canes and give them a scurfy appearance. During the winter months the heavily infested branches should be cut out and burned and the remaining canes thoroughly sprayed justbefore the buds open in spring with lime -sulphur one gallon of liquid concentrate to eight of water. -.A farmer is known by the stock he keeps. This principle is sound: To appre,' ciate a thingwe must sacrifice to se- cure it. The man who has gone through years of ups and downs to get a fine herd of cows is usually the last one to sell out his, herd. PRINCE AT A LIVESTOCK SHOW The Prince of Wales has 0. keen interest in the welfare of British live- stock and frequently 'virus fairs Where prize aniniale are, exhibited. The been avoided as being toolar .- - picture shows hint inspecting some prize sheep. Note Throw weal ,the Sheep g Y are tiamuaed.-, The living robin 'and ;dining, room THE CHILDREN'S HOUR THE HUMMING -BIRD'S' TRIAL BY P R P. M. A THBU UN. '- ."Have you all the cob -webs neces- sary?" asked Mr. Humming -bird anxiously, of. his little mate, as he perched. on a swaying branch of a red rose bush. "Yes, dear, you know Mr. Spider who lives on that Syringo bush at the foot of the garden—he has ful- filled my order 'beautifully and now we have quite enough cob -webs to complete the nest. How about the plant fibres, have you all we need of them?" - "Yes, all," said Mr. Humming -bird excitedly, and he began to dance and hum with joy. "Won't it be lovely when the nest is made and the little eggs are in it? Isn't it a beautiful world, little wife?" So they set to work in the sweet May sunshine and °built their nest an when it was completed it looked as it must belong to a fairy instead of bird l^ Such a tiny thing it was as i sat on its bough, and so beautifully and wonderfully made, with its dainty , frills of litchen and moss:. Truly Mr. and Mrs.;, Humming -bird had reason to be proud of their handiwork. The garden at this time was a glory of color and scent, and as the hum- ming -birds flew from flower to flower to gather honey, it seemed as if they must be the fairies belonging to that enchanted flower land! One fine day, Mrs. Humming -bird flashed into a rose bush, beside which little John was playing with his toys. Like a golden spark she flew from blossom to blossom, humming up and down in front of each one, before she darted her long slender beak into its heart in search of honey. Little John put down his toys to watch her. before a flower. Neverwas her minc- ing accomplishment done in worse taste. Could any self-respecting bird be expected to stand thio? Mrs. Hum- ming -bird just longed to fly at her, and give her one good peck, just one, with her long beak which made such an excel: antw esP dn. But no—with a great effort she held on tight to herself. "Coed evening, Mra. Cat -bird," she responded quietly, „and flew off as fast as she could before her wonderful self- control deserted 6r. I Mrs. Cat -bird was so 'astonished that she almost fell off her twig. Such a' courteous retort to her unkind taunt was so unexpected and disconcerting that she actually blushed in discom- fort. "I declare" she said to herself, "that was just like' mei I'm Just ashamedof myself, so I am." Thus Mr. I1'umming-bird's sugges- tion insteed of killing two birds with ene stone, strengthened -the character of two bird:: with :one. word. Mrs. Humming -bird, at home in her nest, cuddled down beside her husband d for comCor. She,foit alt in a mixture if of sadness and gladness -but mostly a the gladness predominated; gladness t that she had been able to control her- self well, at least once under severe provocation. "My,” ho remarked aloud, "what a dear little yellow bee is buzzing in front of dese roses!" Mrs. Humming -bird paused in her happy dartings—"A bumble -bee," she cried angrily, "well I never heard of such a thing—the idea -of calling full grown bird a bee!" and she fussed and fumed snore and more in her agi- tation. Humming -birds are very nerv- ous and excitable, and have very large tempers for such tiny birds. She flew home in a great rage and told her husband about it. At first he was in a great state of excitement himself, but presently he sobered down. After a while he remarked thoughtfully: "Perhaps this is a trial for us my dear—a' lesson to teach us self-control. We must try to take it so. You know we both have very excitable natures, and if we take this quietly we shall gain perhaps a, little mastery over ourselves," s "Yes," said his mate, "no doubt you are right, husband." And truly the little lady did try, but it was very -difficult. You see she was such a bit of-a.thing and she felt nervous when larger creatures .came near the nest—they were so powerful and she was so . frail, and it seemed as if by making a good big commotion she was doing all she could to de- fend it. One rosy evening she was making her way homewards dreaming to her- self of the dear little nest, where she and her husband—her beautiful hus- band ,with his ruby -colored necktie,- lived so happily together; when sud- denly her happy musings were inter- rupted by a harsh voice. "Good evening, Mrs. Beel How are you to -night; did you sting anybody to -day? Ito, ho, ho! I heard the story; I heard the story," and Mrs. Cat -bird proceeded;' to give an imitation of a humming -bird buzzing and humming It happened that evening that. Mrs, Stanley was taking a friend of hers around the garden. She showed her everything with pride in her; eyes; Mrs. Sparrow's nest, Winnie Wren's dear little house, and finally she paused in front of the Humming -bird's bush. "And these," she said proudly, "are my Jewels; of all .the birds, these are the fairies, the jewels on the breast of that lovely lady—my garden." Mr. and Mrs. Hummingbird's sad- ness quite vanished. away. "The jeweled fairies of the gaiden," they whispered happily to each other, as they tucked their heads under their wings for the night, Poison Bait for Cutworms, Entomologists recommend ' an inex- pensive poison bait for cutworms, either broadcasted in the field or, in the case of small fruits; sprinkled about the base of each plant. ' The following formula will provide enough material for five acres: Bran, twenty pounds; Paris green„,,, one pound; .cheap syrup, two quarts, three lemons, and three and one-half gallons of water. The bran and Parisgreen are mixed dry. Tho juice • of the lemons is squeezed into the water and the peel and pulp chopped to fine bite and added to the water. The syrup Is then dissolved in the water and fruit mixture and the liquid stirred into the bran thoroughly in order to dampen it evenly. If -a smaller gum). - tit, is wanted, the amounts of the dif- ferent ingredients may be reduced proportionately. It is recommended that the poison bait be applied in the evening, because the cutworms are, night feeders and the bait will thus be in a fresher condition than if ap- plied earlier in the day. IF ell �lIIIIII`iffiitl 1� Victim of Reverses "Haven't your car any longer? Noth- ing but revert008: since you bought it?" "Haven't missed et by much, The last one took me an embankment, you see." Buy land that slopes toward the centre, and marry a girl whose mother is good. --Japanese Proverb, The little poplar tree has a decided chemotropism. t It ,-was ,hungry foi ime and sinceit was geographically situated on the border line between a well-lbned plot and one that was al- most entirely lacking in lime, its roots were ,nearly unanimously partial to the.• soil rich in lime. Dr.P.-M. Harmer of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, dis- covered this unusual demonstration of how the roots were drawn to line like iron to a magnet, Usually investi- gators simply note the appearance of the above -ground` portion of plants and do not trouble to dig up the roots to see what they are doing. At one . of the sandy -land substa- dos of the University, of Minnesota another remarkable inatanee of lime hunger, was found. .This time it was shown by alfalfa, This particular 'sandy soil Is extremely low in lime, but is otherwise well provided with Iplant food and supports plant growth very well when water is available and lime is added. On the untimed areas the stand of alfalfa was patchy—a luxuriant bunch here, another ono there, and in between' not even' any little ones. An analysis had shown the sand to be very homogeneous' and it was hard to see why there was such irregularity. So the investigators started,.exea- vating to see what the roots were do- ing. They found that the successful plants were those whose roots had managed to penetrate several feet be- low the surface and had negotiated a contact with a few chunks of lime - stone that were found there. If a plant had failed to reach a.limne supply be - fare moisture became too scarce it withered up and was seen no more. If, however, it reached one of these pieces of limestone in time, it gained enough growth impetus to enable it to penetrate still' deeper after water,; and it showed above ground as a vig orous well-nourished plant, with no P sign of the close margin of safety that it had recently experienced. Thus the few scattered pieces of limestone, five or aix feet below the surface, furnish ed the -explanation for the patchy ap- pearance'of the crop on the untimed plot, Other excavations in an older field of alfalfa showed that the roots of five-year-old plants may penetrate twenty feet into the soil. Since there Is always moisture at such depths it P is readily seen whya field of alfalfa always looks green and succuient, even during a drought that withore up the leaves of other drops. Feeding Beef Cattle. The results of a experi- ments r ofe in the winter feeding of beef cattle, undertaken in the winter of 1921-22 at the Dominion Experimental Station at Lennoxville, Que., are re- corded in the Reportwf the Superin- tendent for 1921-22. In the fall of 1921, ninety-two head of beef steers, mostly two-year-old Shorthorn grades, and including some fairly good stock- ars; were purchased for the purpose. In a test of light versus heavy stockers for winter fattening, two iota of ten steers were used, one aver- aging 719 lbs. per steer and the other' 886 lbs. per steer. A table presented in the report Shows that although the lighter steers coat a cent per pound leas when purchased, the extra gains made by the heavier steers, coupled with the extra price realized on ac- count of their superior finish when marketed, enabled then to make a gain of $1.58per steer over the light- er lot. In a test to determine the length of time during which grain should be fed in order to produce the most econ- omical gains in winter ' fattening, eighteen grade Shorthorn steers were selected inthe fall and divided evenly, as nearly as possible, into three lets. They all received forty, pounds e,eo- siiege and as much hay its they could, eat . •up: clean. After grain 'feet:IM ., was begun, the ensilage. '-.tion :wafts: gradually reduced. Lots ohe-and erre fed meal. frgm..November 1.. January 15 .'onward, respectively, while the third lot received only en- silage and hay until Marcie 1. The meal mixture was made up of ground elevator screenings two parts and oats and bran one part each. During the last few weeks of feeding, corn- meal was used in place of oats. The steers werestabled thefirst week in November and marketed, about • the first of May. The same experiinent has been carried on for several years and the results so far indicate that thtt steers in Rots' one and two made a greater average gain than those in lot three. Tho tatter, however, the Superintendentpoints•out, made their gains iargly on . cheap home-grown feeds, and therefore, show a greater profit over cost of feed than the ether two `.lots, An oaperiment' with loose versus tied steers, which has been carried on for four years,'sheWs that, inde- pendent of .the saving in Leber and equipment, dehorned steers, wintered;. and fattened in large pens, make' cheaper and greater gains eadh year': than tied steert, -fYThe Squarest Jfind 'of a Suare' Deal—,All far One and 'One for All.' I,ogicaIly, the time to ,baud up a beef herd is when conditions are, us e bad way. ' Then, as these conditlbna improve, the producer's output . in - menses and he is ready to sell when palace are relatively, high, •